University of Technology Jamaica Major Project Senior Project

Major Project Manual

jnMaurice

University of

Technology

Jamaica

Major Project

Senior Project

Manual

2011

Major Project Manual

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,

JAMAICA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING &

COMPUTING

MAJOR PROJECT

SENIOR PROJECT

MANUAL

Last Revised November 2011

Maurice Fletcher

NAME: ___________________________________

ID NUMBER: ______________________________

GROUP: _________________________________

University of Technology, Jamaica

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. vi

SOE Project Marking Schemes................................................................................................. vii

Chemical Engineering Major Project Marking Schemes .......................................................... viii

SOE Viva Assessment Marking Scheme ................................................................................... ix

SOE Milestones and Deadlines................................................................................................... x

SCIT Marking Schemes ............................................................................................................ xi

SCIT Deadlines for Major Project ............................................................................................. xi

Accreditation – Capstone Project.............................................................................................. xii

SCIT Major Project Final Viva Guidelines .............................................................................. xiii

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 3

SYLLABUS FOR DIPLOMA STUDENTS – SENIOR PROJECT ................................................ 4

SYLLABUS FOR DEGREE STUDENTS – MAJOR PROJECT ................................................... 8

SYLLABUS FOR RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES ....................Error! Bookmark not defined.

MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 7

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 7

2. What is a project? ................................................................................................................ 7

3. The importance of project management ............................................................................... 8

4. Project Management today—an integrative approach .......................................................... 8

INTEGRATION OF ORGANIZATION STRATEGY WITH PROJECTS ..................................... 9

1. Why project managers need to understand the strategic management process ...................... 9

2. The strategic management process: and overview ................................................................... 9

3. The strategic management process.......................................................................................... 9

Defining the Project ..................................................................................................................... 10

1. Step one: defining the project scope .................................................................................. 10

2. Step two: Establishing the project priorities ....................................................................... 11

3. Step three: Creating the work breakdown structure ............................................................ 13

4. Step four: Integrating the WBS with the organization ........................................................ 13

5. Step five: Coding the WBS for information system ........................................................... 13

6. Project rollup ..................................................................................................................... 14

RISK MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................... 14

1. Overview........................................................................................................................... 14

2. Identifying and assessing project risk ................................................................................ 14

3. Responding to risks ............................................................................................................ 15

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4. Technical risks .................................................................................................................. 15

5. Contingency reserves ........................................................................................................ 15

REDUCING PROJECT TIME ..................................................................................................... 15

1. Project Time Reduction ..................................................................................................... 15

SCHEDULING RESOURCES..................................................................................................... 18

1. Project priority and resources ............................................................................................ 18

2. Types of project constraints ............................................................................................... 18

3. Kinds of resource constraints ............................................................................................. 18

PROGRESS AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION ......................... 19

Control Process ........................................................................................................................ 19

PROJECT AUDIT AND CLOSURE ........................................................................................... 19

1. The project audit process ................................................................................................... 19

2. The audit report ................................................................................................................. 19

3. Project closure ................................................................................................................... 19

4. Team, team members, and project manager evaluations ..................................................... 20

APPLYING FOR A PROJECT .................................................................................................... 23

THE SUPERVISOR .................................................................................................................... 23

THE MENTOR ............................................................................................................................ 24

THE PROPOSAL ........................................................................................................................ 25

Project Proposal Outline 1 .................................................................................................... 25

Project Proposal Outline II ................................................................................................... 26

Writing the Proposal ................................................................................................................ 27

Sections of a Proposal .............................................................................................................. 28

THE BUDGET ............................................................................................................................ 30

THE REPORT ............................................................................................................................. 30

The Students’ Responsibilities ................................................................................................. 31

The Typist’s Responsibilities ................................................................................................... 31

Formatting Style....................................................................................................................... 32

Uniformity of Typeface ............................................................................................................ 32

Margins and Pagination ............................................................................................................ 32

Title Pages ............................................................................................................................... 33

Table of Contents - Organization .............................................................................................. 33

Graphs, Tables, and Figures ..................................................................................................... 33

Computer Output ..................................................................................................................... 34

University of Technology, Jamaica

Bibliography and Footnotes...................................................................................................... 34

Non-filmable Materials ............................................................................................................ 34

Copyright Information.............................................................................................................. 34

Structure of the Major Project Report ....................................................................................... 35

GRADING................................................................................................................................... 36

SOE Major Project Marking Schemes ...................................................................................... 37

Senior Project Marking Scheme ............................................................................................... 38

Chemical Engineering Major Project Marking Schemes ........................................................... 38

EVALUATION ........................................................................................................................... 42

Continuous Evaluation ............................................................................................................. 42

Procedure for Continuous Assessment ...................................................................................... 42

Year End Evaluation and Grading ............................................................................................ 43

Presentation and Viva Voce ..................................................................................................... 43

Viva Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 44

SCIT Major Project Marking Schemes ..................................................................................... 45

Prototype Hardware ................................................................................................................. 45

Delivering the Viva Presentation .............................................................................................. 46

GROUPING ................................................................................................................................ 50

FUNDING ................................................................................................................................... 50

KEEPING A NOTEBOOK .......................................................................................................... 51

MANAGING THE PROJECT ..................................................................................................... 52

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 53

PREVIOUSLY APPROVED MAJOR and SENIOR PROJECTS ................................................ 54

TIPS ON TECHNICAL WRITING.............................................................................................. 69

Sources of Information ............................................................................................................. 72

Basic Skills .............................................................................................................................. 72

Basic Dos ............................................................................................................................. 72

Do Not ................................................................................................................................. 72

Thesis/Project Writing Guidelines ................................................................................................ 73

CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................ 73

THE PROBLEM OR NEED FOR THE PROJECT .................................................................. 73

CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ................................................................... 74

THESIS - CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY ........................................................................... 74

PROJECT - CHAPTER 3 - DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................. 75

Major Project Manual

CHAPTER 4 - FINDINGS ....................................................................................................... 76

CHAPTER 5 - SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS ............................ 76

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 76

APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 76

Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... 79

Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 80

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 81

Background.................................................................................................................................. 82

Major Projects at Present.............................................................................................................. 86

Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 87

University of Technology, Jamaica

SUMMARY

Final Year Engineering and Computing students at the University of Technology, Jamaica, are

required to complete a Project as part of their graduation requirements. The degree students shall

complete a Major Project and the diploma students shall complete a Senior Project. To complete

the Major Project, the students are required to write a proposal and research a topic, construct a

prototype, conduct an economic analysis, write a report on the project, and orally present the

findings in a Mini and Final Viva. Computing and diploma students require only a Final Viva. The

Senior Project is similar to the Major Project except that only the one oral presentation is conducted

and prototypes are not required.

The purpose of the project is to introduce students to the practice of proper project management

and to enable them to develop a better understanding of their program of studies, with an emphasis

on the application of the theory learnt over the years. It also enables the student to synthesize and to

broaden their experiences in the methodology of research and problem solving. The project lasts

the entire school year and has no exempting qualifications.

The students apply for their projects from a list provided by the Projects Committee or based on the

needs of the company to which they are employed. Projects may also be realized from Staff or

student research, the Industrial Cell programme, the Computing and Engineering Extension Centre,

or from any other viable source. The students are then required to work in groups of two (Degree

Major Projects) or two to five (Diploma Senior Projects) and may select a Project Supervisor from

any qualified member of the Faculty. Supervisors may also be appointed from outside the Faculty

but this appointment is subject to approval from the Projects Committee.

The primary role of the Supervisor is to ensure that the Project is carried out in a professional

manner. The Supervisor will also provide the student with technical assistance as well as assess and

grade the students’ effort. The assessment is continuous throughout the project, which makes the

supervisor an integral part of the project itself. A minimum of four (recorded) meetings between

the students and their supervisor are required.

A resource person who is not a supervisor shall be called a Mentor. Mentors are responsible for

imparting technical information to the students and must, therefore, be highly qualified in the areas

relevant to the project. The Mentor may also be the primary contact between the student and/or

supervisor and the company or organization sponsoring the project.

Students are also examined through two oral examinations. A Mini Viva which takes place at the

beginning of the last semester (or end of the first) of the student’s final year, and a Final Viva

which is just after (or before) the final examinations of the second semester. The students are also

required to write a proposal and a final report on which they are examined as well. This report is a

major part of their work and is valued at up to 40% of the final mark.

The yearlong Major Project is administered over two consecutive semesters as two related courses

(PRJ4023 and PRJ4024 at three (3) credits each). The courses are examined separately and the first

semester course PRJ4023 is necessarily a pre-requisite for the second semester course PRJ4024. A

failure in the semester one course means the student will not be able to take the next course in

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vii

semester two. A failure in PRJ4024 (Semester two) means that the student would not qualify for

the benefits of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) accreditation.

Major Projects require the construction of a prototype, Senior Projects do not. The cost of the

materials to build this hardware is borne by the Faculty from its Materials Allocation Funds and

other sources. This limited fund is specifically marked for the purchasing of hardware and cannot

be used for any other purpose; as a consequence, all other costs related to the project must be borne

by the students. All materials bought, and all hardware constructed, are therefore the property of

the University and receipts must be submitted for all purchases. In the event that a Project is funded

through a research grant or some organization, the expenditure conditions of the grant or

organization will prevail. Computer programs will be judged as prototypes and the same conditions

apply.

The following marking schemes apply to all engineering disciplines except Chemical Engineering

and SCIT. The various marking schemes, milestones, and deadlines are as follows:

SOE Project Marking Schemes

PRJ4023 Degree Major Project – Semester 1

Item Description

Major Project

Marks (%)

For By

1 Project Proposal 20 Group Supervisor

2 Continuous Assessment 40 Individual Supervisor

3 Mini-Viva 40 Individual Panel

Total

100

PRJ4024 Degree Major Project – Semester 2

Item Description

Major Project

Marks (%)

For By

1 Prototype Judgment 20 Individual Supervisor

2 Final-Viva 40 Individual Panel

3 Final Report 40 Group Supervisor

Total

100

Major Project Marking Scheme

University of Technology, Jamaica

viii

PRJ 3004 Diploma Senior Project – Yearlong

Item Description

Senior Project

Marks (%)

For By

1 Project Proposal 10 Group Supervisor

2 Mini-Viva - Individual Panel

3 Continuous Assessment 20 Individual Supervisor

4 Final-Viva 30 Individual Panel

5 Prototype Judgment 10 (where used) Group Supervisor

6 Final Report 30 or 40 Group Supervisor

Total

100

Senior Project Marking Scheme

Chemical Engineering Major Project Marking Schemes

PRJ4023 Degree Major Project – Semester 1 (Chemical)

Item Description

Major Project

Marks (%)

For By

1 Project Proposal 20 Group Supervisor

2 Continuous Assessment 40 Individual Supervisor

3 Mini-Viva 40 Individual Panel

Total

100

PRJ4024 Degree Major Project – Semester 2 (Chemical)

Item Description

Major Project

Marks (%)

For By

1 Design of Experiment 30 Individual Supervisor

2 Final-Viva 30 Individual Panel

3 Final Report 40 Group Supervisor

Total

100

Major Project Marking Scheme (Chemical Engineering)

Major Project Manual

SOE Viva Assessment Marking Scheme

Mini (40) Final (40)

A. Technical Content

20 20

(a) Relevance of the Project problem

(b) Level of sophistication

(d) Extent of design/ data analysis/calculations

(e) Individual’s technical role in the project

(f) Successfulness of the project

Major Project Only

(g) Comparison of variations in designs

(h) Cost analysis

(i) Application to contemporary Issues

B. Quality of the Presentation

10 10

(a) Clarity of expression,

(b) Use of presentation aids

(d) Diction and Grammar

(e) Confidence and knowledge displayed

C. Question, Answer and Discussion

10 10

(a) Correctly answered questions

(b) Understanding of the Project

(d) Quality and depth of knowledge

(e) Confidence and alertness

Total

40% 40%

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SOE Milestones and Deadlines

A failure in Major Projects means that the student would not qualify for the

benefits of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) accreditation.

Major Project Manual

The SCIT Major Project Marking Schemes and Deadlines are as follows:

SCIT Marking Schemes

Item Description

Major Project

Marks (%)

For By

1 Project Proposal 5 Group Supervisor

2 Continuous Assessment* 15 Individual Supervisor

3 Final-Viva (Presentation) 30 Individual Panel

4 Final Report (includes Prototype) 50 Group Supervisor

Total 100

* All group members do not automatically receive the same grade for the major project continuous

assessment. Moreover, students who do not contribute significantly to the project will be awarded a

failing grade by their project supervisor.

SCIT Deadlines for Major Project

Milestone Deadline

Project Application Week 2, Semester 1

Final Project Approval Project Application Week 4, Semester 1

Project Proposal (1

Draft) Week 7, Semester 1

Chapters 1 - 3 (1

Draft) Week 12, Semester 1

Chapters 1 - 3 (Final Draft) Week 1, Semester 2

Chapter 4 (1

Draft) Week 5, Semester 2

Chapter 5 (1

Draft) Week 7, Semester 2

Final Prototype, if applicable Week 7, Semester 2

Draft Report (all chapters) Week 9, semester 2

Final Report (3 Copies + Electronic Archive) Week 11, semester 2

Project Defence (Final Viva) Week 12, semester 2

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xii

In the end, the student is expected to gain enough experience through Research Projects to be able

to manage projects properly in the future. The emphasis of the Projects is on the training of

students and therefore constant monitoring and feedback are essential. Whether or not a project

yields the expected results is not as important as the fact that the student learns how to manage a

project properly using proper project management techniques and correct research procedures. The

lessons learnt about project management are more important than the subject matter being

researched. The student must, however, demonstrate that they have learnt the theoretical material

well and are able to apply same in a real-life situation.

Students are required to have final year status before they can apply for a project and they are

required to successfully complete a 45-hour (3 Credit) Research Methodologies course before they

can complete their Major Project. This course is generally available in or before the first semester

of the candidate’s final year.

Accreditation – Capstone Project

As we move towards accreditation by the University Council of Jamaica (UCJ) and the

Accreditation Board for Engineering (ABET) or the Institution of Engineering and Technology

(IET)we note the stipulation for the Major Projects to be Design/Build capstone projects.“The

(UCJ) team recommends that SOE consider modifying its major project requirement to include a

capstone design 'project in the final year of the post-diploma programme” (UCJ Report 2003).

These recommendations have been included in the revised Major Projects requirements.

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xiii

On successful completion of the Bachelors degree, students may apply for Chartered Engineering

(CEng) status under the IET accreditation. Students must, however, successfully complete Major

Projects on the first attempt to be qualified for this status.

SCIT Major Project Final Viva Guidelines

Participation: Each student in a major project group is required to participate substantially in the

presentation.

Time: Presentations should be twenty (20) – thirty (30) minutes.

If a prototype was developed, forty-five (45) minutes may be allocated for the

presentation.

Content: Students are expected to present a summary of each chapter of their project in the

presentation. If a prototype was developed, a demonstration is required.

Handouts: Groups are required to provide several copies of a two to five paper extended

summary for panellists, which covers essential concepts from each chapter of their

project.

Reference: Students are required to bring a spiral or hand bound copy of their final project to

the Final Viva session.

Tools: Presentations are facilitated by the use of a computer-based presentation tool, such

as Microsoft PowerPoint.

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

University of Technology, Jamaica

Major Project Manual

INTRODUCTION

Each year the final year students of the Engineering Faculty are required to complete a

"Major Project". This takes the form of capstone design/build project which includes the research

and synthesis of an Engineering problem with an emphasis on the techniques of project

management, research methods, and the implementation of project ideas. These capstone projects

are an integral part of all engineering and computing final year courses. They provide an

opportunity for students to synthesize and apply various aspects of their course work in a

practically oriented project pertinent to their specialized area of study. Students are therefore

required to complete a project of some kind and are expected to understand the mechanisms of how

to manage and implement a project from its inception to its completion or closure. This includes

planning, research, project management, written presentations and oral presentations. It also

involves the designing of products, the building of prototypes.

Projects require a minimum of two persons per group because an important part of project work is

to learn to collaborate and communicate with others. Working with other people has its pros and

cons and the way to benefit from group work or to overcome group problems can only be realized

through experience.

Major Projects must test the students’ academic depth, knowledge of contemporary issues, as well

as their ability to apply theory to solve real life problems. Economic and technical analyses must be

standard in the projects to train the students how to deal with such issues in real life.

To completely understand the requirements for the capstone projects, the syllabi for the Diploma

and Degree Courses have been included here in their entirety. The Research Methodologies

syllabus is also included.

University of Technology, Jamaica

SYLLABUS FOR DIPLOMA STUDENTS – SENIOR PROJECT

The following is the syllabus for the Diploma students:

GENERAL OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of the Senior Project the student will:

1. Perceive the inter-relationships between the different subject areas that have been

included in his/her programme of studies

2. Be able to synthesize and apply the contents of the various courses and to solve specific

problems.

3. Be able to analyze a problem, search for a solution, evaluate different solutions, select

the most appropriate solution and communicate his/her results to other people.

4. Demonstrate appropriate procedures and techniques for managing a project.

5. Gain wider experience in the methodology of problem solving.

DURATION: 4 hours/week or 120 hours (2 Semesters) (4 credits).

PRE REQUISITES: Final year status.

EXEMPTING QUALIFICATION: None

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

The project could typically involve the following specific steps, each one of which may have to be

followed by the student. Whether the project involves practical work or is only concerned with

design and reference work, these steps shall be necessary. The specific steps are listed and

elaborated here below:

On successful completion of the Senior Project the student will be able to:

a. Identify problems and research and write specification for these problems.

b. Analyze projects and plan and schedule activities.

c. Perform tasks or find solutions for chosen problems.

d. Construct prototypes or write computer programs (where applicable).

d. Evaluate the performance of a prototype or computer program.

e. Report and otherwise communicate the results of the project.

Major Project Manual

Problem Identification, Research and Specification

Under this general heading, the students in groups of at least two and no more than five will choose

and specify the problem. Some of the steps to be followed are:

1. Identification of the precise problem to be chosen for the project, preferably from a number

of alternatives.

2. Identification of the main elements into which the problem can be sub-divided.

Categorization of the elements into specific tasks or procedures.

3. Specification of the framework within which the problem will be solved.

4. Determination of the order of the steps in which the problem is to be solved or the tasks

identified are to be performed.

5. Estimation of the degree of difficulty and the relative importance of the major steps that

have already been identified.

6. Research on other studies already performed in this area

Project Analysis, Planning and Scheduling

Under this heading, some of the steps that are to be followed are:

1. Planning of the initial steps for the solution of the problem or performance of the tasks. (The

Work Breakdown Structure, WBS)

2. Identification of the resources needed for each of the steps or elements.

3. Allocation of tasks appropriate to the knowledge and skills of each member of the project

group in relation to their individual capabilities.

4. Estimation of the time needed to complete each element of the project.

5. Preparation of the preliminary proposal giving details of what is to be completed by each

member, time allocation for each task, estimates of quantities of materials needed wherever

necessary, and sequence of activities.

Performance of the Task or Solution

This is the central component of the project. Some of the steps to be followed are:

1. Determination of the information and knowledge necessary for the solution of the problem

or performance of the task.

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2. Identification of the sources of information / data available such as the internet, books,

journals, relevant firms, etc.

3. Selection of the most suitable source(s) for each particular element or assignment from

those already identified above.

4. Collection of the required information and its analysis.

5. Identification of the appropriate procedures to be adopted in actually solving the problems.

6. Discussions, amongst the group members, on the choice and suitability of the selected

procedures.

7. Solution of the problems using the procedures chosen and discussed.

8. Performance of experimental or investigatory work needed for the completion of the task.

9. Statement of objectives for the experimental work and specification of equipment required.

10. Set up of the equipment and the conduct of the investigation.

11. Analysis of the results obtained and drawing of conclusions from it.

Prototype Construction or Computer Program Development

In some cases, the project will require a prototype or a computer program. This prototype or

program is to be constructed to test specific objectives of the project and the final report must

include the results of these tests.

Evaluation of Performance

In this stage a critical analysis is to be carried out to evaluate the validity of the results obtained.

The steps to be followed are:

1. Evaluation of the validity of the specifications of the problem in the light of the solution(s)

obtained.

2. Description of the changes that were found necessary in the specifications during the testing

of the prototype and/or performance of the project.

3. Evaluation of the degree of success achieved in the performance of the project.

4. Analysis of the relative usefulness of the sources of information employed and data used for

solving the project tasks.

Major Project Manual

5. Assessment of the overall performance of the project including recommendations for

further work.

Reporting & Communication

This stage involves both written and oral presentation. It includes meeting the requirement of the

viva examination and the completion of the project report. The steps to be followed are:

1. Preparation of the descriptive material explaining the solution of the problem or the

completion of the project task.

2. Documentation of the stages and the progress made in the successive steps and assignments

leading to the solution of the project.

3. Preparation of a written report on the overall project dividing it under suitable headings and

sub-headings including highlighting of major achievements.

4. Listing of the sources of information used at the various stages of the project.

5. Presentation of an oral report summarizing the project task and achievements.

6. Participation in discussion and responding to questions that arise during the oral

presentation.

The student's final written report as mentioned in step (3) above should include specifically:

(i) Statement of the scope of the project and why the project was chosen.

(ii) Notes on the initial planning of the project.

(iii) Observations and opinions on progress made during the project work including

details of amendments and divergences from the original plan, giving

explanations why they were necessary.

(iv) Details of the major calculations made and formulae used.

(v) Results of tests conducted and the conclusions drawn at different stages

including comments on the accuracy of the results and possible factors affecting

them.

(vi) Illustrations (diagrams, tables, graphs, sketches and drawings) neatly drawn and

labelled, wherever necessary.

(vii) Comments on the practical applications of the work carried out.

(viii) Critical appraisal of the project with suggestions for extensions and further

work.

University of Technology, Jamaica

Notes on Interpretation

The objectives for project tasks have been written in general terms intended for application across a

broad spectrum of subject areas. The project offers the student an opportunity to tackle realistic

engineering problems that in turn provides learning opportunities that are student-centred. It must

also be understood that it is not possible to select the specific project so that they always involve all

the steps given under the different headings of the specific objectives. These are intended as

general guidelines with particular variations to be arranged by the project instructor depending

upon the special requirements of the actually selected project.

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA

SYLLABUS FOR DEGREE STUDENTS – MAJOR PROJECT

FACULTY: Engineering and Computing SCHOOL/DEPT: Engineering

COURSE OF STUDY: Bachelor of Engineering YEAR: 4

MODULE TITLE: Major Project

MODULE CODE: PRJ4023 Semester I, PRJ4024 Semester II

DURATION (HOURS): 90 (Each Semester) 180 overall

CREDIT VALUE: 3 (Each Semester) 6 Overall

PRE-REQUISITES: PRJ4023 –Promotion to final year

PRJ4024 – Successful completion of PRJ4023

INTRODUCTION

The syllabus for the degree students follows the basic information of the diploma syllabus.

Information presented here, where different, supersedes that of the diploma syllabus:

Project and Thesis

The Project and thesis method is a well-accepted way to prepare students systematically to

understand, analyze and solve engineering problems and to report thereon. Figure 1 shows the flow

diagram of academic as well as administrative steps in connection with the supervision of the

Degree Major Projects.

i. Projects Committee: The project committee of the Faculty will set standards for the

projects. The committee is chaired by the Faculty Projects Coordinator and may consist

Major Project Manual

of project coordinators from each school, Project Supervisors, and representatives of

industry, the department’s Advisory Board, the Professional Engineering Registration

Board (PERB) and the J.I.E.

ii. Selection of topics: The project can be application and/or theory oriented. Application

oriented projects will primarily originate in the industries, and the theoretical ones

primarily in the Faculty. The Faculty in consultation with the project supervisors will

announce the available “in-house” and sponsored projects, and the names of the

corresponding supervisors. All projects require the building and testing of a prototype.

The student(s) opting for a particular project will, in consultation with the proposed

project supervisor and the mentor of the sponsoring organization (if any); submit the

project application, in a standard format, for approval by the Projects Committee.

iii. Role of the sponsoring organization: The concerned industrial organization will extend

all support and facilities for the successful completion of the project within the

stipulated time. The organization will also identify one of its responsible officers, who

will be responsible for the support and the availability of the facilities (financial as well

as material). The selected person will supervise the day-to-day activities, on behalf of

the company, as related to the completion of the project. If the students have to use

facilities outside of the organization, the company must make the appropriate

arrangements. The confidentiality of data and the results will be maintained, if the

organization so needs.

iv. Role of the Faculty of Engineering and Computing: The Faculty will identify a

supervisor amongst its academic staff for each project. He or she will be responsible for

the theoretical guidance and may, at times, visit the organization (for off campus

projects) to review the progress of the project and confer with the mentor.

The Faculty may, if the Project Committee so advises, arrange for a first semester

presentation of the project by the students. A final semester oral examination of the

project is, however, required. The concerned industrial mentors may be requested to sit

on the panel for the presentations.

By the end of the academic session, a draft of the final report must be submitted to the

project supervisor for corrections and suggestions. The report must then be revised to

include these corrections and possibly the suggestions. The final draft of the Project

Report, with all corrections made, may then be submitted to the supervisor for grading

after which two (2) bound copies, with signature authorization of the supervisor, should

be submitted to the Students’ Affairs Office on or before the final date set by the

Projects Committee.

The students will have to defend their projects in a viva voce examination before the

Project Committee or its selected panellists. The date for the viva defence will be

announced by the Project Committee at the beginning of the first semester.

University of Technology, Jamaica

Figure 1: Project Supervision

Major Project Manual

v. Progress of the Project: Students are required to have a minimum of four (4) formal

meetings with their supervisors, and the minutes of these meetings must be reported to

the projects committee. Project Committee meetings are held weekly for the first month

of the first semester and then as needed through to the end of the academic year.

Other milestones affecting the progress of the project are listed in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Project Milestones and Deadlines

vi. Project Report: The final report is to be typed, bound and completed with all drawings,

diagrams, tables, appendices etc. in full adherence to the guidelines below. The original

and the copies are to be submitted to the Faculty on or before the scheduled date of

submission. It is recommended that the students have additional copies made for their

own use. The report should contain the following:

University of Technology, Jamaica

A Title Page showing the name of the supervisor and the date of submission

An Abstract and Executive Summary

An Introduction to the problem area and the topic

A Literature Review (including search for the industrial uses, if any)

The Objective(s), scope and limitations of the Project

Methodology including development of theories

Comparisons of variations in designs, cost analyses, and feasibility studies

Research, Implementation, Testing & Analysis of the Results

Discussions and Conclusion of the study and Recommendations

Application potential and scope for future work

Reference citation and reference listing

1.0 MODULE DESCRIPTION

2.0 MODULE OBJECTIVES/LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the module, the student should:

1. Perceive the inter-relationships between the different subject that have been

included in his/her programmed of studies

2. Synthesize and apply the contents of the various courses and to solve specific

problems.

3. Analyze a problem, search for a solution, evaluate different solutions, and select the

most appropriate procedures and techniques for managing a project.

4. Demonstrate appropriate procedures and techniques for managing a project.

5. Gain wider experience in the methodology of problem solving.

3.0 MODULE CONTENT AND CONTEXT

UNIT I Problem Identification, Research and Specification

Upon completion of the unit, the student should be able to:

1. Identify precise problem to be chosen for the project, preferably from a number of

alternatives.

2. Identify the main elements into which the problem can be sub-divided.

3. Categorize the elements into specific tasks or procedures

4. Specify the framework within which the problem will be solved

5. Determine the order of the steps in which the problem is to be solved or the tasks

identified are to be performed.

6. Estimate the degree of difficulty and the relative importance of the major steps that

have already been identified.

7. Research other studies already performed in this area.

Major Project Manual

UNIT II Project Analysis, Planning and Scheduling

Upon completion of the unit, the student should be able to:

1. Plan the initial steps for the solution of the problem or performance of the tasks.

(The Work Breakdown Structure, WBS).

2. Identify the resources needed for each of the steps or elements.

3. Allocate the tasks appropriately to the knowledge and skills of each member of the

project group in relation to their individual capabilities.

4. Estimate the time needed to complete each element of the project.

5. Prepare the preliminary proposal giving details of what is to be completed by each

member, time allocation for each task, estimates of quantities of materials needed

wherever necessary and sequence of activities.

UNIT III Performance of the Task or Solution

Upon completion of the unit, the student should be able to:

1. Determine the information and knowledge necessary for the solution of the problem

or performance of the task.

2. Identify the sources of information/data available such as the internet, books,

journals, relevant firms, etc.

3. Select the most suitable source(s) for each particular element or assignment from

those already identified above.

4. Collect the required information and its analysis.

5. Determine, through discussions with group member, the suitability of the selected

procedures.

6. Solve problems using the procedures chosen and discussed

7. Perform experimental, analytical or investigatory work as needed for the completion

of the task.

8. State the objectives for the experimental work and specification of equipment

required.

9. Set up the equipment and the conduct the investigation

10. Build and test appropriate prototypes

11. Analyse the results obtained and draw conclusions from it

UNIT IV Evaluation of Performance

Upon completion of the unit, the student should be able to:

1. Evaluate the validity of the specification of the problem in the light of the solution

obtained

2. Describe the changes that were found necessary in the specifications during the

testing of the prototype and/or performance of the project.

3. Evaluate of the degree of success achieved in the performance of the project.

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4. Analyze the relative usefulness of the sources of information employed and data

used for solving the project tasks.

5. Assess the overall performance of the project including recommendations for further

work.

UNIT V REPORTING AND COMUNICATION

Upon completion of the unit, the student should be able to:

1. Prepare the descriptive material explaining the solution to the problem or the

completion of the project task.

2. Document the stages and the progress made in the successive steps and assignments

leading to the solution of the project.

3. Prepare a written report on the overall project dividing it under suitable headings

and sub-headings including highlighting of major achievements.

4. List the sources of information used at the various stages of the project

5. Present an oral report summarizing the project tasks and achievements

6. Participate in discussions and responding to questions that arise during the oral

presentation.

NOTE: The student’s final written report as mentioned in step (3) above should

include specifically:

i. Statement of the scope of the project and why the project was chosen

ii. Notes on the initial planning of the project.

iii. Observations and opinions on progress made during the project work including

details of amendments and divergences from the original plan, giving explanations

why they were necessary

iv. Details of the major calculations made and formulae used

v. Results of tests conducted and the conclusion drawn at different stages including

comments on the accuracy of the results and possible factors affecting them.

vi. Illustrations (diagrams, tables, graphs, sketches and drawings) neatly drawn and

labelled, wherever necessary.

vii. Comments on the practical applications of the work carried out.

viii. Relation of project to contemporary issues.

ix. Critical appraisal of the project with suggestions for extensions and further work.

4.0 LEARNING AND TEACHING APPROACHES

Major projects, as the capstone project for the degree programmes, must be design/build.

No research only or feasibility study projects are allowed as they do not sufficiently test the

students in all the necessary areas. All students must be individually assessed throughout

the project although they work in groups, and this facilitates ensuring that each and every

student meets the programme requirements. It also ensures better correlation between

examinations and coursework within the major project experience.

Major Project Manual

5.0 ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES

PRJ 4023 (Semester I)

001 Project Proposal 20%

002 Continuous Assessment 20%

005 Mini Viva 40%

PRJ 4024 (Semester II)

001 Prototype Judgement 20%

002 Final Report 40%

005 Final Viva 20%

6.0 BREAKDOWN OF HOURS

90 Hours each semester (180 Hours total)

7.0 TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES

8.0 NAME OF SYLLABUS WRITER

Maurice Fletcher ……………………………………………………

Lecturer/Course writer’s signature

9.0 DATE OF PRESENTATION OR REVISION

September 2006

10.0 DATE OF ACCEPTANCE

………………………… ……………………………………

Programme Director OCDE

University of Technology, Jamaica

Before completing their Major Project, students are required to have final year status and to

successfully complete a 45-hour (3 Credit) Research Methodologies course. This course will be

offered in the second semester of the student’s third year. The syllabus is presented here for

reference.

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA

Faculty of Science and Sport

School of Mathematics and Statistics

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY– GENERAL EDUCATION MODULE

MODULE OUTLINE

COURSE OF STUDY: ALL BACHELOR’S DEGREES OFFERED AT UTECH

STAGE: YEAR THREE

MODULE TITLE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES

MODULE CODE: RES 3001

DURATION: 45 HOURS

CREDIT VALUE: THREE

PREREQUISITIES: COMPLETION OF THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF

BACHELOR’S DEGREE PROGRAMME

1.0 MODULE DESCRIPTION

This module provides an overview of quantitative and qualitative methodologies currently accepted

for use in the conduct of research. It further equips the participants with the rudimentary tools for

conducting simple research projects and other major projects in their respective disciplines. This

module is practical in nature and does not include a final examination.

2.0 MODULE OBJECTIVES

On completion of this module, participants will be able to:

2.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the language of research

2.2 Demonstrate familiarity with the approach to scientific research

2.3 Develop the skills for conducting a literature search

2.4 Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative designs

2.5 Demonstrate the ability to conduct simple research

Major Project Manual

3.0 UNIT 1 – INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH METHOHOLOGIES

On completion of this module, participants will be able to:

3.1 Analyze the concept of research

3.2 Evaluate the benefits of research

3.3 Distinguish among basic, applied and action research

3.4 Evaluate the application of ethical principles in research.

3.5 Identify potential research topics and subtopics

4.0 UNIT 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW ( INCLUDING

LIBRARY VISITS)

On completion of this module, participants will be able to:

4.1 Evaluate the importance of a literature review to research

4.2 Use library resources effectively

4.3 Select relevant information from a variety of library available resources,

including on-line databases and journals.

4.4 Evaluate the literature for selected topic

4.5 Employ correct referencing techniques in order to avoid plagiarism

4.6 Write report of literature reviewed.

5.0 UNIT 3 – METHODOLOGIES & PROCEDURES

(QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE DESIGNS)

On completion of this module, participants will be able to:

5.1 Identify phases in the research process

5.2 Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative designs

5.3 Describe basic sampling techniques

5.4 Design a questionnaire and discuss other data collection instruments including the

concepts of validity and reliability.

5.5 Present a critique of the methods section of a research report.

6.0 UNIT 4 - THE REPORT & PROPOSAL

On completion of this module, participants will be able to:

6.1 Identify the components of a research proposal

6.3 Identify the components of a research report

6.4 Present a proposal for a study or a project

7.0 UNIT 5 – APPLICATION OF STATISTICS IN RESEARCH

On completion of this module, participants will be able to:

7.1 Identify the methods of data analysis appropriate to different

methodologies (mention use of statistical tools such as excel and SPSS)

7.2 Conduct basic quantitative data analysis laboratory sessions using SPSS

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and interpret statistical output. This includes using a computer package to input

data, produce measures of central tendency and variability, and producing tables

and charts.

8.0 INSTRUCTIONAL/LEARNING APPROACHES

a) One hour lecture

b) Tutorials consisting of:

i. Library visits

ii. Interactive discussions and workshops e.g. analysis of instruments

iii. Group work

iv. Presentations

9.0 ASSESSMENT

This module will be assessed by course work only as indicated below:

Note that marks are given for class participation.

ASSIGNMENTS WEIGHT WEEK DUE

1 Presentation of topics and subtopics (Individual) 10% 4

2 Review of related literature (Group) 20% 8

3 Written test comprising of MCQ and critique of research 30% 11

4. Proposal (Group) - 30% + Participation (10%) 40% 13

9.0 TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES

FOSS Research Methodology Manual (MAIN TEXT)

American Psychological Association (2009). Publication manual of the American

Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC:

Bastick, T. & Matalon, B (2004) Research: New and Practical Ways

Kingston: Chalkboard Press. (GOOD LOCAL TEXTBOOK)

Cone JD, Foster SL(1993). Dissertations and theses from start to finish:

psychology and related fields. Washington, DC: American Psychological

Association.

Galvan, Jose L. (1999). Writing Literature Reviews: A Guide for Students of the

Social and Behavioral Sciences. Los Angeles: Pyrczak Publishing.

Leedy, P. J. Ormrod, J (2005). Practical Research Planning and Design. Upper

Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall (main text)

Major Project Manual

Schloss, P.J. & Smith, M (1999). Conducting Research. Upper Saddle River, N.J.:

Prentice Hall

10.0 SOME USEFUL WEB RESOURCES

A. UTech Learning Management System (Moodle) http://utechonline.utech.edu.jm/course

(under Science and Sport –

1. Click on Mathematics and Statistics

2. Click on Research Methodologies

3. Enter user login name and pwd (same as to access UTech email)

4. Enter enrolment key

B. Summary of rules for using APA is given in the web address below

http://www.docstyles.com/apacrib.htm

C. PPA 696 Research Methods

http://www.csulb.edu/~msaintg/ppa696/696menu.htm#PPA 696 very nice overview on

different research methods.

D. Educational research lectures

http://www.southalabama.edu/coe/bset/johnson/dr_johnson/2lectures.htm brief

outlines of general methods, including qualitative, historical, statistical analysis,

etc....

E. APA Style Essentials –

http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.cfm?doc_id=796

F. Psychology with Style

http://www.uwsp.edu/psych/apa4b.htm

DATE OF REVISION: December 2010

University of Technology, Jamaica

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA

RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES

SCHEDULE OF ASSIGNMENTS

All assignments must be typed according to APA specifications and must include a title page,

student’s name and ID number and tutor’s name.

MODULE 1 – 10% Presentation of topics and sub-topics – Individual Assignment

Date due: Week 4

This is an individual assignment in which each student will select an area of interest (preferably in

their specific discipline) and identify a specific title for further investigation. The title should be for

practical, rather than desk investigation, and should contribute to the student’s professional

development. The written report should not be more than two pages in length, APA, and should

include

1. The Title

2. Background or rationale prompting this investigation

3. Purpose of the Study (What exactly are you trying to find out?)

4. The Research Problem Statement (Reframing the research title)

5. Expected benefits or significance of the study

6. Sub-topics or research questions

7. Key (major) definitions

Marking scheme Assignment 1

i. Title page/title – 1 mark

ii. Background – 2 marks

iii. Problem statement – 1 mark

iv. Purpose – 1 mark

v. Subtopics – 3 marks

vi. Significance – 1 mark

vii. APA/ references – 1 mark

MODULE 2 – 20% Literature Review –Group assignment Date Due: Week 8

This is a follow-up to module one. Each group should assign the sub-topics or research questions

(of the selected topic) to its members for literature review. The group should then synthesize the

individual portions into one single report. Ensure that the quality is uniform. The literature review

report should include:

• An introduction. Have an introductory opening paragraph that includes the purpose of the

review. You may also outline the content of the review. It is important to have a logical

sequence of the sub-headings.

• A formal report of relevant evidence, theoretical explanations, definitions, methods, etc

obtained mostly from primary studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Since you are

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reporting the literature, in-text citations are very important! Remember that the review

makes an argument and should highlight the need for your study and reveal objectivity.

• Concluding remarks: mention any gaps in the literature and the implications the literature

search has for your study. How does the theoretical knowledge you gained from the

literature review help you prepare for your proposed practical investigation?

• A Reference list using latest APA style - this must include at least twelve studies from

research journals.

This report should be at least ten (10) pages in length and the reference list should contain at least

twenty sources on your topic.

Grading Scheme for literature review

Introduction 2%

Content --- Logical organisation (subheadings used) 2%

--- Relevance 3%

--- Synthesis and flow 3%

--- Adequate reporting/ in-text citations 3%

--- Adequate no. of primary studies included 2%

Conclusion 2%

References 2%

General Format/Grammar 3%

Total 20%

MODULE 3 - 30% Written test: MCQ and Critique Date Due : Week 11

This will be a 2-hour test administered in the tutorial time. The test consists of MCQs, which are

based on concepts related to the entire research process, and a précis of a published research study

with some critical appraisal questions.

MODULE 4: – 40% Proposal - (Group assignment) Date Due: Week 13

Each group will write a research study proposal of their selected title. This report should follow

guidelines for academic research proposals. The proposal consists of revisions to assignments one

and two plus a Methods and Procedures chapter. Please present a draft of the Methods and

Procedures chapter to your tutor for discussion/correction before submitting the proposal. The

proposal should adhere to the scholarly writing guidelines (APA format).

Major Project Manual

GRADING SCHEME FOR RESEARCH OR PROJECT PROPOSAL

The proposal consists of three chapters: Introduction, literature review and methodology. It should

also contain a reference list and perhaps an appendix.

Clearly stated title 5%

Chapter1 Introduction 25%

Research or project clearly described (5)

Need for and benefits of study or project established (5)

Clear purpose (5)

Objectives, research questions or hypotheses (5)

Definition of key terms related to the study/project (5)

Chapter 2 literature review 25%

Proper introduction (5)

Logical organization (3)

Synthesis of information/ proper reporting of the literature (5)

Relevant and adequate number of references (7)

Apt concluding remarks (5)

Chapter 3: Methods and Procedures 25%

Target population and study area/scope clearly defined (3)

Study (project) methods and procedures sufficiently detailed (7)

Data collection instruments specified and sufficiently described (5)

Methodological and other limitations (5)

Timeline, budget and ethical considerations (5)

Overall format 20%

In-text citation of sources (5)

Grammar and document format (5)

References APA format (5)

Flow of writing [not fragmented] (5)

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Major Project Manual

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University of Technology, Jamaica

Major Project Manual

MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT

1. Introduction

Project Management is the wave of the future. The old middle managers are dinosaurs; a new class

of managers is evolving to fill the niche they once ruled: project managers. In the 21

century,

project-based management will sweep aside functional line management.

Projects may take many forms, and Project Management is not limited to the Private Sector it is

also a vehicle for doing good deeds, coping with disasters, and solving social problems.

2. What is a project?

A Project is a complex, non-routine, one time effort limited by time, budget resources, and

performance specifications designed to meet customer needs.

The major characteristics of a project are:

(a) An established objective.

(b) A defined life span with a beginning and an end.

(d) Typically, doing something that has never been done before.

(e) Specific time, cost, and performance requirements.

It is important to emphasize the four important characteristics of a project. First, projects have a

defined objective. Second, projects have a defined endpoint, which is contrary to the ongoing

duties and responsibilities of traditional jobs. Third, projects usually require the combined efforts

of a variety of specialists. Fourth, projects are non-routine and have some unique elements.

Projects are evaluated according to what they accomplish, what they cost, and how much time they

take. These three constraints impose a high degree of accountability throughout the project life

cycle and highlight the primary functions of the project manager.

A. The project life cycle: The project life cycle usually passes sequentially through four stages:

definition, planning, execution, and delivery as indicated in Figure 3. The life cycle is often

used as the cornerstone for managing a project. It recognizes that projects have a limited life

span and that there are predictable changes in level of effort and focus over the life of the

project.

B. The project manager: Management decides and implements ways and means to effectively

and efficiently utilize human and non-human resources to reach predetermined objectives.

That is, they plan, schedule, motivate, and control. Project managers are expected to

marshal resources and complete a fixed-life project on time, on budget, and within

specifications. They provide direction, coordination, and integration to the project team.

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Figure 3: Project Life Cycle

3. The importance of project management

The project manager is responsible for planning, scheduling, motivating, and controlling all aspects

of the project and assigned staff. They are expected to marshal the resources, complete the project

on time, on budget, and within specifications. The project manager is the direct link with the

customer and must manage the interface between the customer expectations and what is reasonable

and feasible.

Project management is no longer a special-need management. It is rapidly becoming a standard

way of doing business. One of the most significant reasons is the shortening of the product life

cycle (The life of a product is the time between its inception at the R&D level to its obsolescence

and replacement by a newer product). With increasing global competition, information technology,

and modern flexible manufacturing techniques, product life cycles are seeing radical changes.

Project managers must now get their products from design stage to shelf (Time to market) in a

much shorter time. This time to market is always reducing because of the velocity at which

technology is changing.

4. Project Management today—an integrative approach

Integration in project management takes place in two key areas, firstly in the integration of projects

with the organization’s strategic plan, and secondly within the process of managing actual projects.

Project management must reflect the way in which the company intends to operate and the project

manager must be fully integrated into the management structure of the company. The project

Major Project Manual

manager must also fully integrate the company’s policies into the project since the project is a

reflection of the company to the customers.

There are two dimensions to project management. These are identified as follows:

A. Socio-cultural: This involves Leadership, Problem solving, Teamwork, Negotiation,

Politics, and Customer expectations.

B. Technical: This includes the Scope, Work Breakdown Structure, Schedules, Resource

allocations, Baseline budgets, and Status reports. (These will be explained later)

Every project should contribute to the organization’s strategic plan and effective project

management begins with selecting and prioritizing projects that support the firm’s mission and

strategy. Successful implementation of the firm’s policies, require the mastering of both the

technical and the socio-cultural dimensions of the process.

INTEGRATION OF ORGANIZATION STRATEGY WITH PROJECTS

1. Why project managers need to understand the strategic management process

Project managers are becoming more and more important in strategic planning from two directions.

The more integrated project managers are in the company’s management system, the more they

grow professionally and the better they become at making decisions. They are also more able to

provide insights concerning the company’s capabilities and resource constraints. Project managers

are also able to see their projects in relation to other company projects and in relation to the

company’s policies.

2. The strategic management process: and overview

Strategic management is the process of assessing “what we are” and deciding and implementing

“what we intend to be and how we are going to get there.” Strategy describes how an organization

intends to compete with other companies using the resources they have available in the existing and

perceived future environment.

The major dimension of strategic management is responding to the external environmental changes

and re-allocating the firm’s scarce resources to retain a competitive edge, however, the biggest

problem in most organizations is implementation, that is, to actually make the changes happen.

3. The strategic management process

Strategic management includes four activities

A. Reviewing and defining the organization mission. The strategic review is best achieved by

identifying the scope of the organization in terms of its products or services. A mission

statement usually helps to focus the entire staff on the actual goal of the organization.

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B. Setting organization objectives. Objectives translate the organization’s mission into

concrete, measurable, achievable terms. The following acronym adequately describes the

characteristics of objectives

S Specific Be specific in targeting an objective

M Measurable Establish measurable indicator(s) of progress

A Assignable Make the objective assignable to one person for completion

R Realistic State what can realistically be done with available resources

T Time Related State when and in what time frame the objective can be achieved

C. Analyzing and formulating strategy. This answers the question of what needs to be done to

achieve the objectives. Opportunities and threats usually represent external forces such as

technology, industry structure, and competition. The company strategy must answer the

question as to how to overcome these obstacles.

D. Implementing strategy. This tells us how strategies will be realized, given the available

resources.

DEFINING THE PROJECT

In order to properly manage a project, it must first be defined. Defining the project is a five-step

procedure as follows:

1. Step one: Defining the project scope

2. Step two: Establishing project priorities

3. Step three: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

4. Step four: Integrating the WBS with the organization

5. Step five: Coding the WBS for information system

The project rollup follows at which time the project definition is finalized.

1. Step one: defining the project scope

The project scope is a definition of the end result or mission of your project. Poorly defined

projects usually end up as failures. It is important to know, at the beginning of a project, exactly

what you are planning to achieve. This information should form part of your project proposal.

A project scope checklist helps to organize the elements of your project plan. The following

checklist will ensure the scope definition is complete:

1. Project objectives: Define the major objectives of the project.

2. Deliverables: These are the expected outputs over the life of the project.

Major Project Manual

3. Milestones: This is a significant event in a project that occurs at a point in time.

4. Technical requirements: Products usually require technical information to ensure its

proper performance.

5. Limits and exclusions: It is useful to define the limitations of the project early so that

resources are not incorrectly expended. Failure to properly define the project limitations

can lead to false expectations.

6. Review with customer: It is important that on defining your project, the customer is in

agreement with your expectations of the project. In this case, the customer may be the

Project Supervisor of Mentor. The project must, therefore, be discussed with the

relevant stakeholders to ensure the key questions of budget, timing, and performance are

answered.

2. Step two: Establishing the project priorities

Projects usually have many variables that the project manager has to deal with. The variables

cannot always be contained and the project manager usually has to find the best trade-off between

these variables. The trade-offs between the variables time, performance, and cost, are usually

decided using the project priority matrix, which indicates which variable to constraint, to enhance,

or to accept.

(a) (b)

Figure 4: Project Priority Matrix

By placing one mark in each row and each column the decision in the example of Figure 4a shows

a project in which the time is constrained, performance is enhanced, and cost is accepted. Figure 4b

shows time being enhanced, performance accepted, and cost constrained.

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Major Project Manual

3. Step three: Creating the work breakdown structure

The project is more easily managed when it is divided up into small work elements. This is the

process of defining the work breakdown structure (WBS).

The work is first broken down into Major groupings and then each group divided down into smaller

elements until each element is a single task. This establishes the hierarchical framework of the

project and the relationships of each task to the entire project. Once the WBS is established the

project manager can begin to coordinate the various part of the project and to define the

communication links necessary for the success of the project.

4. Step four: Integrating the WBS with the organization

The WBS can now be used to organize the company’s resources to carry out the various tasks. This

is achieved according to the company’s organization breakdown structure (OBS). The purpose of

the OBS is to organize the work unit and determine the department or person(s) who will complete

each task package.

5. Step five: Coding the WBS for information system

For the WBS to be effective it must be hierarchically coded. The codes will define the level of

importance of the task and allow the work package to be sensibly designed. This coding is

illustrated in Figure 5 in the WBS for a computer project.

Figure 5: Hierarchical Coding of the WBS

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6. Project rollup

The intersection of the WBS and the OBS represents a control point and is called a cost account by

project managers. The work packages and cost accounts serve as a database from which all other

planning, scheduling, and controlling processes are coordinated. Cost accounts represent work

packages. Each work package has time, budget, resource, responsibility, and control points that can

be used to track the project progress.

RISK MANAGEMENT

1. Overview

All projects have risks and not all risks can be overcome. Project risks are those events that if they

materialize can delay or kill a project. A risk is the chance that an undesirable event will occur and

the consequences of the event will materialize. Some risks can be identified before the project

begins and others may be unforeseen and unimaginable. Risk Management identifies as many risks

as possible and seeks to minimize their effects on the project. Contingency plans can also be

implemented to the cover risks that actually materialize.

2. Identifying and assessing project risk

It is useful to identify the sources of risk in the early stages of the project when the risks will

possibly have the least effect. A risk assessment matrix can help in risk analysis and assessment.

Once the risk is determined, this chart can be used to assess chance, severity, and the detection

difficulty of the risks and identify where the dangers lie.

Figure 6: Risk Assessment Matrix

Major Project Manual

3. Responding to risks

When a risk event is identified and assessed, a decision must be made concerning which response

is appropriate for the specific event. Responses to risk can be classified as reducing or retaining,

transferring, or sharing.

A. Reducing or retaining risk: This is usually the first alternative considered where, for

example, the project manager may decide to bring in additional pieces of sensitive

equipment or extra workmen just in case of problems.

B. Transferring risk: In this case the risk is transferred to another party, but this usually carries

a premium, for example buying insurance on a contract so that the insurance pays for any

unforeseen problems.

C. Sharing risk: Contractors and employers can agree to share risks 50/50 so that if anything

goes wrong the costs are borne by both parties. An example of this is the escalation costs on

the building of a new house where cost increases are shared between contractor and client.

4. Technical risks

Technical risks are problematic; they can often cause a project to be shutdown if a process or

system does not work. When synthesizing a design idea, you are advised to keep all your ideas

handy in case the selected idea fails to perform to expectations, the alternate idea can then be

implemented.

5. Contingency reserves

Funds are usually “put aside” in a budget as contingency. These funds are called budget reserves

and are not the same as budget padding. Management reserves are what the owners or financiers of

a project hold in reserve to refinance a project if necessary.

REDUCING PROJECT TIME

1. Project Time Reduction

Most times it is beneficial to reduce the time a project takes but this reduction is usually at the

sacrifice of cost. The easiest way to reduce project time is to increase manpower or other resources

on activities that are on the critical path. This may shorten the project time; however, the project

manager must be cognizant of the relationship of the direct costs to the indirect costs on the actual

effect of the time reduction on the total cost of the project can be truly assessed.

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Major Project Manual

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SCHEDULING RESOURCES

1. Project priority and resources

Project resources are not usually infinite and must, therefore, be properly scheduled so they are able

to spread to complete the project. Computer scheduling, using programs such as Microsoft Project

2000, allow for a more flexible project control. Adjustments in resource scheduling can be easily

and quickly assessed. A more realistic assessment of available resources can help to make a project

a success.

2. Types of project constraints

Project constraints impede or delay the start of activities and decreases scheduling flexibility. This

can lead to project delays and resource wastages. Three project constraints need to be considered in

scheduling.

A. Technical or logic constraints: These constraints usually address the sequence in which

activities must occur. Some activities cannot begin until a related activity is completed.

B. Resource constraints: The sequence in which activities occur, sometimes depend on some

available expertise (resource) and cannot be started until the expertise is available.

C. Physical constraints: In some instances, contractual or environmental constraints can delay

a project. Space, size, weight and other physical constraints, may provide difficulties in

carrying out activities as scheduled.

3. Kinds of resource constraints

The main resources are human resources or people, material shortage or unavailability, equipment

availability and or cost, and working capital in the form of available funds or cash flow.

Major Project Manual

PROGRESS AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION

Control Process

Evaluation and control are part of every project manager’s job. Control by “walking around” or by

“involvement” can overcome most problems in small projects, however, in larger projects, formal

control is a crucial necessity.

Project control is usually neglected or resisted, and this usually leads to chaos in a project. This can

be avoided by following these steps:

A. Step 1: Setting a baseline plan: The baseline plan provides the elements for measuring

performance. It is derived primarily from the WBS database and tied to the due dates for the

deliverables. Adherence to these milestones is a measure of performance.

B. Step 2: Measuring progress and performance: Time and budget are the quantitative

measures used in evaluating performance.

C. Step 3: Comparing plan against actual: Because plans seldom materialize, it is important to

measure deviations from the plan to determine if action is necessary. It is crucial that the

timing of progress reports be frequent enough to detect variations in time for action to be

taken.

D. Step 4: Taking action: If deviations from plans are significant, corrective action will be

needed to bring the project back in line with the original or revised plan.

PROJECT AUDIT AND CLOSURE

1. The project audit process

A project usually involves the evaluation of how well, if at all, the project delivered the expected

benefits to all the stakeholders, whether or not the project was managed well, and if the customer

was satisfied. A project evaluation also involves an assessment of what was done incorrectly and

what contributed to its success, as well as what changes could improve the delivery of projects in

the future.

2. The audit report

The major role of the audit report is to improve the way future projects are managed. You should,

therefore, try to capture the lessons learnt and the changes needed for implementation in future

projects. The report usually covers a classification of the project, an analysis of the information

gathered, recommendations for the future, and any lessons learnt.

3. Project closure

Every project eventually comes to an end. However, for some projects the ending may not be clear.

There are many conditions under which a project closes.

1.) Normal: This is the most common situation under which the project ends as planned.

University of Technology, Jamaica

2.) Premature: For some projects, the end may come before planned, usually because parts

of the project were left off.

3.) Perpetual: Some projects just never seem to end. Usually these are projects that are

plagued with delays. Constant revision of the project closure date usually lead to

increased expenditure and these projects are often forced to a closure.

4.) Failed project: On rare occasions, projects simply fail. This is usually because the

original concept was unworkable, resources unavailable, or time limit exceeded.

5.) Changed priority: In some cases, projects are abandoned because the priority for the

project has changed. Either some other project has become higher priority or the

importance of the project was misjudged.

4. Team, team members, and project manager evaluations

Auditing includes performance evaluations of the project team, individual team members, and even

the project manager. Evaluation of performance is essential to encourage changes in behaviour, to

support individual career development, and to support continuous improvement through

organization learning.

Whatever the outcome of a project, the individual’s involvement in the project is a learning

experience and the evaluation at the end of the project is an integral part of the individual’s

development.

Global competition and technological fickleness drive the need for properly managed projects, and

the way to the future is through good project managers and proper project management techniques.

Major Project Manual



University of Technology, Jamaica

Major Project Manual

APPLYING FOR A PROJECT

Each student is required to apply for a project using the application form provided in Appendix 2

of this manual. The form must be completed by each applicant in triplicate, as the copy, which is

returned to the student, becomes the "receipt" for the approval of the project. It will also contain

notes as to what is expected from the project or if there are changes required in the approach or

depth. The second copy goes to the supervisor and used to complete the academic requirements for

the project (including claims). The original is held by the projects coordinator and used to assist the

planning and management of the Major Project process.

The Projects are to be submitted to the Project Committee for approval. The Committee consists of

the Faculty Projects Coordinator, the Project Coordinator from each school, as well as proposed

Project Supervisors and representatives of industry, the Advisory Board, PERB and the J.I.E. The

Committee is chaired by the Faculty Projects Coordinator and will meet weekly for the first month

during the first semester and then on an "as needed" basis later on. This same committee will later

be part of the examination panel of the Viva Defences.

It is the responsibility of the student to select a supervisor for their project. This selection is usually

automatic with the project selected. The project application is to be signed by the proposed project

supervisor before the project can be considered by the projects committee. If a Project is not

approved, a new form is required for a re-application. It is therefore very important that the project

is selected early so that ample time is available in case of any mishaps.

The committee, with proper explanation, reserves the right to refuse any project proposed.

THE SUPERVISOR

Supervisors are generally to be selected from the full time academic staff of the Engineering and

Computing Faculty. Staff members are not normally allowed to supervise more than Four (5)

Degree Projects simultaneously. Project Supervisors for the Degree Projects are required to have

the minimum qualification of a Masters Degree in the relevant project area before they can

supervise. Part Time Lecturers and Lecturers from other Faculties may qualify to become project

supervisors but their acceptance is subject to approval by the Projects Committee as the supervisor

is an integral part of the project and can severely affect the quality of the project output. They too

must hold a minimum of a Post Graduate Degree and show experience and expertise in the field.

Non-academic professionals may assist in the supervision of projects and are called Mentors

(discussed below)

The primary role of the supervisor is to ensure that the Project is approached in a professional

manner using correct project management techniques and utilizing sound and appropriate

theoretical principles. The supervisor is also to ensure that the students do what they are supposed

to do in researching the project, building the prototypes, testing the parameters, and reporting the

results. The supervisor is not there to spoon-feed all the answers to the students; therefore, it is

important that the student develops a professional relationship with the supervisor and learns and

follows the proper project management techniques in completing her/his project.

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The secondary role of the Supervisor (or the role of the Mentor in the case of the Degree students)

is to assist the students with technical problems and to see that the student maintains a technically

sound project.

The Supervisor's tertiary and academic role is to grade the student's work throughout the year. This

will be administrated in five ways:

1. Assessing the Project Proposal for correctness of the approach to the project as well as

correctness of style.

2. Assisting in conducting the preliminary oral defence of the Project (Mini-Viva) and the

evaluation of the students as a member of that Viva panel.

3. Continuously assessing each student in their professional approach and application of

theory towards the completion the project.

4. Assessment of the final written report for correctness of style, presentation, grammar,

format and technical content. It is very important that the supervisor reads and assesses the

report from when it is in the draft stages so that changes (including technical and

grammatical corrections) can be made before the work is finally bounded and submitted.

5. Assessment of the Prototype for proper manufacturing, utilization within the project,

relevance to the research and testing techniques. In the case of Chemical Engineering

students, the supervisor will assess the proper design of the experiment.

* Please Note: Project Supervisors are not allowed to evaluate or otherwise participate

in the assessment of the projects they supervised.

THE MENTOR

The mentor is a technical resource person, usually provided by the company sponsoring the project,

whose primary responsibility is to provide the project group with the required technical

information. The Mentor also acts as the liaison between the project group and the sponsoring

organization and ensures information access is procured and the company’s interests are protected.

The project supervisor is ultimately responsible for the technical content of the project even though

the Mentor is expected to make an input. The project supervisor and the mentor must work in

tandem to ensure the project is technically sound and properly managed. Non-sponsored projects

may not have a Mentor but are subject to the same rigor.

The mentor cannot be given academic responsibilities.

Major Project Manual

THE PROPOSAL

The Proposal is an early feedback to the project supervisor explaining that the students fully

understand what the project is about and what they are required to do. It details their understanding

of the parameters of the project, what methods are being proposed to use to research and complete

the project, which student will carry what responsibility and what work has already been done by

other researchers according to the preliminary literature review. The proposal says what you plan to

do while the final report says what you have done.

The format of the proposal is the same as for the final report but not as elaborate. It covers brief

versions of the summary, introduction, methods, results and conclusions, as well as references. The

formatting of the report is standard and correct use of grammar and style is essential.

The proposal ensures both the supervisors and the students are on the same page as far as the

project is concerned and it will be used as a guide throughout the rest of the project. The proposal is

to be handed in to the supervisor by week 4 of the first semester and carries20% (Major Project –

Semester I) or 10% (Senior Project) of the total marks. Only one proposal is required per group.

Students may use one of the following two outlines below as a guide for preparing your project

proposal. See the American Psychological Association (APA) Manual for correct format, layout,

use of leader dots, and page numbering. Chemical Engineering students use the Council of Science

Editors (CSE) manuscript and referencing style.

Project Proposal Outline 1

TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

BSTRACT

ABLE OF CONTENTS

1. I

NTRODUCTION

Nature of the Study

Purpose of the Study

Significance of the Study

Problem Statement

Research Questions

Limitations/ Delimitations

Definitions of Terms

2. R

EVIEW OF LITERATURE

Introduction

Sub-topics (will vary according to project being undertaken)

Summary of Literature

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3. METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

Introduction

Research Design and Methodology

Population

Sample

Instrument Design

Data Collection Procedures

Data Analysis

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

Project Proposal Outline II

TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. I

NTRODUCTION

Title of Project (Brief Description, Clarification of Concepts)

Goals and Objectives of Project

Rationale (justification)

Limitations/ Constraints

Importance/ Significance of Project

2. R

EVIEW OF LITERATURE

Introduction

Sub-topics (will vary according to project being undertaken)

Summary of Literature

3. METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

Introduction

Specific Procedures

Time Chart

Resources Required

Description of expected outcomes and benefits (including cost/benefit analysis)

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

Major Project Manual

Mark Scheme

The mark scheme below illustrates how the Major Project Proposal will be graded.

Table 1: Major Project Proposal - Marking Scheme

MAJOR PROJECT PROPOSAL RUBRICS

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION

MARKS

Report Layout

1 Title page 5

2 Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables 5

3 Punctuation and grammar 5

4 Outline and organisation 5

REPORT LAYOUT TOTAL

CHAPTER I

5 Purpose of study/Introduction 5

6 Research problem statement 5

7 Research questions or Sub-topics 5

8 Key definitions 5

9 Significance of the study 5

CHAPTER I TOTAL

CHAPTER II (lit. review)

10 Introduction to literature review 5

11 Content relevance 5

12 Content organisation 5

Interpreting and inference

14 Summary of lit. review 5

15 Citing and referencing (APA) 5

CHAPTER II TOTAL

CHAPTER III (Method)

16 Description of materials 5

17 Description of instruments used 5

18 Design of experiment (variables) 5

CHAPTER III TOTAL

19 Timeline 5

Budget

TOTAL

100

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Writing the Proposal

Here are the basic steps that a proposal that is well-formed with a logical flow has:

1. Introduce the proposal, telling the reader (the supervisor) its purpose and contents.

2. Present the background (the problem), opportunity, or situation that brings about the

proposed project. Get the reader concerned about the problem, excited about the

opportunity, or interested in the situation in some way.

3. State what you propose to do about the problem, how you plan to investigate the problem

and find the appropriate solution.

4. Discuss the benefits of doing the proposed project, the advantages that come from

approving it and how it relates to or addresses contemporary issues.

5. Describe exactly what the completed project would consist of; what it would look like and

how it would work (describe the expected results of the project).

6. Discuss the methods and theory or approach behind these methods (enables your supervisor

to understand how you'll go about the proposed work).

7. Provide a schedule, including major milestones or checkpoints in the project.

8. Briefly discuss the individual responsibilities each member of the project will carry. List

each candidate’s expertise in the subject area and how it will benefit the project.

9. Provide a budget that lists the costs of the project and the resources you’ll need to complete

the project.

10. Conclude with a review of the benefits of doing the project and what is expected from the

project supervisor.

Sections of a Proposal

The following is a review of the sections you'll commonly find in proposals.

Introduction: Plan the introduction to the proposal carefully. Make sure it contains all of the

following (but not necessarily in this order) that apply to the particular proposal:

• Indicate that the document to follow is a proposal.

• Refer to some previous contact with the recipient of the proposal or to your source of

information about the project.

• Find one brief motivating statement that will encourage the recipient to read on and to

consider accepting the proposed approach to the project.

• Give an overview of the contents of the proposal.

Now remember: Candidates may not need all of these elements, and some of them can combine

neatly into single sentences. The introduction ought to be brisk and to the point and not feel as

though it is trudging laboriously through each of these elements.

Major Project Manual

Background of the problem, opportunity, or situation: Often occurring just after the

introduction, the background section discusses what has brought about the need for the project;

what problem, what opportunity there is for improving things, what the basic situation is. It's true

that the audience of the proposal may know the problem very well, but this section in still needed.

The background section is important in demonstrating the candidate’s particular view of the

problem. It allows the supervisor and team members to be on the same page from the start of the

project.

Benefits and feasibility of the proposed project: Most proposals discuss the advantages or

benefits of doing the proposed project. This acts as an argument in favour of approving the project.

Also, some proposals discuss the likelihood of the project's success. In this proposal, this section is

particularly important as candidates are trying to "sell" the supervisor on the quality of the project.

Description of the scope of work (method, procedure, theory): Most proposals must describe

what will be required to complete the finished product of the proposed project. In this course, that

means describing the project and how you will approach the design and manufacture of the

prototype. Describe what each group member will be primarily responsible for. In the defined

scenario, there may be other work such as conducting experiments or outsourcing components,

equipment or services. Add that too. In most proposals, the approach to the proposed work, subject

to approval, should be explained. This acts as an additional persuasive element; it shows the

audience you have a sound, well-thought-out approach to the project. Also, it serves as the other

form of background some proposals need. Remember that the background section (the one

discussed above) focused on the problem or need that brings about the proposal. However, in this

section, the technical background relating to the planned procedures or technology should be

explained. Once again, this gives the proposal writer a chance to show that they know what they

are talking about, and build confidence in the supervisor that the candidates are good choices to do

the project.

Schedule: Most proposals contain a section that shows not only the projected completion date but

also key milestones for the project. If the project is large spreading over many months, the timeline

would also show dates on which you would deliver progress reports. And if you can’t cite specific

dates, cite amounts of time or time spans for each phase of the project

Qualifications: Most proposals contain a summary of the proposing individual's or organization's

qualifications to do the proposed work. It's like a mini-resume contained in the proposal. The

proposal audience uses it to decide whether the individual is suited for the project. Therefore, this

section lists work experience, similar projects, references, training, and education that show

familiarity with the project. This may not be required in student proposals.

Costs, resources required (Budget): Most proposals also contain a section detailing the costs of

the project, whether internal or external. With external projects, the costs of equipment and

supplies, and so forth, may need to be listed and then the total cost of the complete project

calculated. (With internal projects, there probably won't be a fee, but you should still list the

project costs: for example, hours you will need to complete the project, equipment and supplies

you'll be using, assistance from other people in the organization, and so on. This helps the

candidate to arrive at the true cost of the project)

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Conclusions: The final paragraph or section of the proposal should bring readers back to a focus

on the positive aspects of the project (the costs have just been shown). In the final section, the

writer can end by urging the readers to get in touch and to work out the details of the project. This

section also serves to remind readers of the benefits of doing the project.

Special project-specific sections: Remember that the preceding sections are typical or common in

written proposals, not absolute requirements. Similarly, some proposals may require other sections

not discussed above. Don't let the proposal planning be dictated by the preceding discussion.

Always ask what else might the audience need to understand the project, the need for it, the

benefits arising from it, the team members’ role in it, and qualifications required in executing it.

Note also, what else might readers need to be convinced to allow the team to do the project in this

way? What else do they need to see in order to approve the project and to approve the team to do

the project?

THE BUDGET

The budget is a detailed breakdown of the expected expenditures required to complete the project

within the given time frame. It details the estimated or actual costs of the products, equipment and

manpower resources intended to be utilized to carry out the project. Research must be done in the

actual costs of the items needed and contingencies must be included in case of unforeseen

eventualities.

Because of time and information constraints, a financial breakdown which is less elaborate than a

real life budget will be accepted by the supervisor. This financial statement will be used to

determine the overall financial requirements for all student projects for the year and no financial

disbursements will be made if no budget has been presented. If no budget is received for a project,

it will be assumed that no financing is required. If funding will be required for a project, the

supervisor must ensure that the budget is forwarded to the Projects Committee through the school’s

Project Coordinators by Week 10 of the first semester.

Supervisors are required to impress upon the students the importance of the budget as the exercise

of preparing a proper budget is very important to the project engineer. In preparing your simplified

budget, the candidates are cautioned to remember that this is an important part of real-life projects

and it must be given your complete attention in a real-life project.

THE REPORT

The project report is due as scheduled in the milestones of Figure 2 (page 9). Exact dates will be

announced annually at the beginning of the first semester. The supervisor will need to receive the

draft report before the deadline and be given ample time to grade the final draft and make

suggestions for its improvement. Once the supervisor is satisfied that all corrections and

modifications have been implemented, two (2) copies of the report can now be bounded and

submitted to the supervisor for final approval and signature. The reports are then turned in to the

It is important to note that the proposal includes a budget of the items you will need to procure.

Major Project Manual

Students’ Affairs office for which an examination receipt will be issued. Single copies, or copies

unsigned by the supervisor of the project will not be accepted.

Two (2) copies of the bounded reports are required since one copy will be sent to the University’s

Library for reference and the other will be retained in the Faculty’s Library for internal use. The

final reports must be printed on Acid-Free archival bond paper so that the book will not deteriorate

with time. The reports must be hard bound with the project title imprinted on the front cover and

spine. Soft and spiral bound reports will not be accepted. The students are advised to make

additional copies of the project report for their own future use. The report cover must indicate the

university’s name, project title, students’ names, discipline, school, and year of publication.

The Students’ Responsibilities

The student's minimum responsibilities for the Report are:

1. Organizing and presenting the content accurately, readably and usefully.

2. Composing in clear and correct form (i.e., organization, sentence structure,

paragraphing, punctuation, spelling, and the like).

3. Being attentive to the correct form and accuracy of quotations, footnotes,

bibliographic items, tables, and other illustrative materials.

4. Supplying report materials that meet requirements.

5. Making additional corrections as suggested by the supervisor.

6. Checking the drafts and final copies for errors before the submission.

The Typist’s Responsibilities

The typist is responsible for typing a clean, accurate copy of the manuscript in accordance with the

mechanical requirements of the report regarding margins, pagination, headings, and other features.

It is recommended that a Word Processor or Desktop Publishing Software be used to type and

format the report, as this is the easiest way to avoid time consuming typographic errors in the

report. Once the text has been saved, changes can be made without retyping the entire document.

Remember to backup your data.

The final reports when submitted must hard-bound, entitled,

signed and free of technical and grammatical errors.

University of Technology, Jamaica

Formatting Style

Style concerns matters of form in preparing the manuscript. The main purpose of having these

requirements is to ensure the manuscript is produced with consistency, precision, and clarity in its

layout. These qualities facilitate reading and understanding; their absence often results in irritation,

misunderstanding, and decreased readability. Important information documented in your

manuscript may be unreadable and consequently lost through poor formatting.

Scholarly publication styles vary considerably among disciplines. Because there is frequently an

advantage in developing the report in the style of the discipline from which it originates, Faculties

and interdisciplinary programme committees usually declare the styles to be used in their areas.

Examples of the approved style manuals are shown in Appendix 1. The Faculty of Engineering and

Computing have chosen to use the American Psychological Association (APA) most recent edition,

Chicago Style. There are various publications about this Style and examples of this format can also

be found on the internet. Examples are also given in Appendix 1 of table of contents, headings,

figures, and tables. Chemical Engineering students will use the Council of Science Editors (CSE)

manuscript and referencing style. Covers are usually a matter of taste but should be kept neat and

void of pictures.

Uniformity of Typeface

All typescript must be prepared in a uniform typestyle. The report may be typed with double

spacing or one and one-half (1½) spacing. If the latter is used, caution is advised with the spacing

of superscripts and subscript within the text. All pages should be single sided except when there is

a figure that requires a fold out page.

Margins and Pagination

Standard page size for reports is 8½ x 11 inches (Letter Size) or the metric A4 (210 mm x 297 mm)

paper, and any deviation from these paper sizes must be approved by the Major Project Committee.

Margins should be at least 1¼ inches (or 30 mm) wide at the left, top, and bottom of the page and

at least 1 inch (or 25 mm) wide at the right.

Pages should be numbered at the top, starting with the first page of body text, which is usually the

Introduction, and using Arabic numbers. Page numbers should appear in the middle of pages, 3/4

inch (or 20 mm) from the top. Hyphens should not appear either before or after the page numbers.

All pages, such as the Abstract, Table of Contents, Lists of Tables and Figures, and Summary,

which precede the first page of body text, are to be numbered using lower case Roman numerals.

The title page is assumed to be page (i) but is not so numbered.

Chapters and major sections, such as the Introduction, Procedures, Results, should each begin on

new pages. All subsections may begin immediately after the preceding material, except that a

subsection heading should not be placed at the bottom of a page unless it is followed by at least two

lines of text. An example of headings is shown in Appendix 1. It is most important that headings in

a report be internally consistent.

Major Project Manual

If a page or pages must be inserted after the report is typed, the pages should be numbered by

adding an “a” to the preceding page number (19a) and b to the number of page inserted (19b). If a

page must be removed, the numbering on the page before the deleted one must include both

numbers, e.g., 101-102.When a word processor is used, many of the formatting functions can be

automatically set up and pages are usually re-numbered automatically. Thoroughly edit your

printed draft before reprinting to avoid excessive paper wastage.

Partly filled pages of body text are not permitted except at the end of a chapter or where there is

insufficient room to place four or five lines of text either above or below a table.

Title Pages

An example of a title page is shown in Appendix 1. This page must contain the name of the

organization (in this case the University of Technology, Jamaica), the title of the project, the names

of the members of the project group, the approvals spaces (Head of Department, Faculty Projects

Coordinator, and Project Supervisor), and the date of completion of the project. Borders can be

used to add finesse to the title page, but pictures are not required.

Table of Contents - Organization

The Table of Contents, and chapters and section headings, should let the reader know quickly and

clearly how the report is organized. Table of Contents may be quite brief or consistently elaborate;

In Appendix 1, five rather different possibilities are suggested. Of greatest importance is that the

author is consistent in using headings and sub headings, and these correspond exactly in wording

and form with the Table of Contents. This also applies to a Listing of Figures, Tables, and other

parts when included in the Table of Contents.

Graphs, Tables, and Figures

Graphs, tables, and figures may be included within the text or appear on separate pages. If placed

on separate pages, however, they should be near the text that refers to them, rather than collected in

a group at the end.

Figure numbers and titles should appear either below the figures, if there is sufficient space, Or on

the facing page. Appendix 1 illustrates an example of a report figure.

An example of a table also appears in Appendix 1. Horizontal lines in a table should be justified

(i.e. fall exactly in line) with the left and right edges of the table, including the table titles and

footnotes. Lowercase (common) letters must appear alphabetically from left to right, beginning

with the first typed line (not by columns) to refer to footers in tables. An exception to this occurs

when significance levels are used. Asterisks are then used to denote significance. It is often useful

to follow the table of contents with a list of tables and figures. If such is included, the wording must

correspond exactly to that used on tables and figures. Tables and figures must also fit within the

margins previously mentioned. Do not place periods (full stops) after the titles.

A table that is oversized may be divided so that a portion appears on two pages that face each other.

If this method is used, the entire title and footnotes, if any, appear on the left-hand side of a table.

Table lines should flow evenly from the left to the right page. The page number should be typed on

the blank side of the facing page, as on all pages facing figures.

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Whenever possible, photographs should be printed on 8½ x 11-inch or A4 photographic paper.

However, in special cases, photographs may be mounted on archival paper by use of a cold-mount

adhesive called “positionable mount adhesive” or by glue-stick. Photographs may also be scanned

and laser-printed; however, the quality of the picture must be preserved for the purpose required.

Graphics and pictures can be scanned and imported into your word processor; however, to ensure

the quality of the print is preserved, the resolution of the picture should not go below 200 dpi.

Style guides often do not cover the range of problems that may be encountered in preparing tables

and graphs.

Computer Output

For those using word processors or computers for preparing their reports, the same rules apply as

for those using a typewriter. Full justification of the page is allowed only if proportional spacing

between words is possible. Bold face is allowed and can be used for headings, volume numbers (in

certain disciplines, e.g. Physics), chemical numbers for schemes, etc. word processing has the

advantage of producing clean copy, and corrections can be made easily. However, if a line or

paragraph is changed, the rest of the section may have to be reprinted. Because of codes, set up,

and typing of equations entering the report on a word processor may take longer. For example, a

superscript may entail as many as seven keystrokes versus one stroke on the typewriter.

More modern word processors will do most of the formatting of the document for you and make

typing, especially spell checking, much easier. It is important, however, to set up the default

formats before you begin typing to ensure proper formatting. Always be careful of over helpful

auto-editing software. Laser printers also gives a superior finish but it may be a little more difficult

to spot formatting errors on these prints.

Shortcuts will also make formatting easier, if you know them, such as Alt 0189 for ½ and Alt 0188

for ¼.

Bibliography and Footnotes

Most style manuals describe how literature is to be referenced and bibliographies constructed.

Minimum requisites are usually that referencing systems and bibliographies be consistent

throughout, be clear, and fully agree with each other. Before typing, students could consult with the

project supervisor concerning the style selected, and any problems they may have encountered.

Non-filmable Materials

Two or three copies of non-filmable materials, such as slides, tapes, films, and recordings, should

be submitted. Where possible, the material can be placed on a CD and mounted in the back of the

report.

A report may be protected from unauthorized copying by means of copyright. Although this

procedure is simple and inexpensive, it is essential that every manuscript copy that is to be

copyrighted have a correct copyright notice on the title page.

Major Project Manual

Structure of the Major Project Report

The following is a guideline of how the major project report can be structured:

A. Cover (outside): Include name of the University, title of the project and the name of the

group members. The binding is to be bounded hard cover. Whenever the spine of the book

is more than ¼ inch thick, the title of the project must be written there. The year of

completion of the project must also be on the front cover and spine of the book.

B. Title Page (inside): List the topic of the research, the students' full names, their group and

course, the project supervisor, the university’s name, and the date. Include also, lines for the

authorization signatures of the project supervisor and the project coordinator.

C. Acknowledgments: List the names of those people who gave special support to the project.

D. Table of Contents: This is best generated by a word processor.

E. List of Figures: List the figures in the order they appear and with the same figure numbers.

This is useful when there are a lot of figures.

F. Abstract: This is useful for the listing of the project in databases. (Required for B.Eng.) It is

a summary of the project report done in a specific manner.

G. Summary: An executive summary identifies the important points in the report. It must

highlight "What was being researched", "How was it researched", "What are the findings"

and "What is the usefulness of the research".

H. Introduction: This section introduces what is being researched, what assumptions are being

made, what the limitations of the project are, what the details of the procedures you intend

to use, the definition of special terms and finally a brief summary of the introduction itself.

The introduction can be a revised version of the Project Proposal.

I. Literature Review: Identify the history of the subject you are researching, list and discuss

the related topics, identify developments in the field, review all the related Standards and

Standard Tests related to the topic. Identify the Standard Components you will need to

make the research formally acceptable, overview all related Studies on the topic and

acknowledge all previous work done. Summarize the Literature Review at the end of the

chapter.

J. Methodology: Identify the materials and components needed to carry out the tests. List the

drawings and circuit diagrams. Identify and discuss all the special testing equipment and

processes used in the project. Identify the variables, how they limit the project and how they

are controlled.

K. Results: Present the data inclusive of graphs, computer outputs and tables. If these are

excessive, they should be placed in an Appendix and referenced here. Examples of the

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outputs, however, must be placed in this chapter. Conclude this chapter with the highlights

of the results and their interpretation. Summarize the chapter.

L. Summary and Conclusions: Re-state the Project Questions as listed in the Introduction and

identify what has been concluded from your research.

M. Recommendations: State the usefulness of the research in terms of application potentials

and what scope there is for further studies in this area.

N. Bibliography: State the sources of all the information received. (It is a good idea to write

out the source of the information in detail at the time you find it as it is often difficult and

time consuming to go back and search for these when you are writing the Bibliography)

O. Appendix: List as Appendix A, Appendix B etc, and reference them in the body of the

report by name. The Appendices are then listed alphabetically and must contain like items

only in each. They may contain items such as bulky results, computer printouts, computer

program syntax listing, component lists and data sheets, component manufacturer’s

manuals, diagrams, drawings and circuit diagrams.

P. Index: Whenever the report is typed on a word processor or desktop publisher an index can

be generated and listed so that items can be easily found within the document.

Reports that are typed with a word processor will have the advantage of computerized spell

checkers, tables of contents and index generators, wider choices of text and text effects, laser

quality printing, automatic page and figure numbering and more professional handling of inserts

such as footnotes, figures and tables. Errors are also more easily detected and corrected on the

computer.

The length of the report should not exceed 8,000 words, not including diagrams, graphs, tables and

appendices.

GRADING

The Grading for this course will be according to the normal UTech grading system and the marks

assigned for each area of the project work will be totalled to determine the appropriate letter grade.

An overall mark of less than 50% will be deemed a failure. Students who fail will be required to

REPEAT the course by resubmitting the project or doing a new project from start. Project grades

may be used to determine the type of degree or diploma the student receives. A “repeat” status in

this course will have a severe adverse effect on your transcript.

Marks are assigned on an individual basis within a group and students can therefore individually

fail (i.e. one student from a group can fail without the whole group failing.) Bear in mind that the

continuous assessment of the project is focused on the individual student and is based on the

professionalism of the approach to the project and not on the results obtained from the research. It

must also be emphasized here that the continuous assessment requires that you actually meet with

and interact with your project supervisor. Without this contact, there is no way that the supervisor

Major Project Manual

can assign you a fair mark for your coursework. Remember that a minimum of four recorded

meetings are required and must be reported. Students are not allowed to change projects or

supervisors in mid-stream as interaction is part of the learning process.

During the Viva presentation each student will be required to make a presentation and are graded

individually on their efforts. It is, therefore, unwise for one student to hog the presentation and thus

prevent the other student from having the opportunity to be graded. The Grades are assigned as

follows:

SOE Major Project Marking Schemes

Table 1a: Major Project Marking Scheme

PRJ4023 Degree Major Project – Semester 1

Item Description

Major Project

Marks (%)

For By

1 Project Proposal 20 Group Supervisor

2 Continuous Assessment 40 Individual Supervisor

3 Mini-Viva 40 Individual Panel

Total

100

Table 1b: Major Project Marking Scheme

PRJ4024 Degree Major Project – Semester 2

Item Description

Major Project

Marks (%)

For By

1 Prototype Judgment 20 Individual Supervisor

2 Final-Viva 40 Individual Panel

3 Final Report 40 Group Supervisor

Total

100

University of Technology, Jamaica

Senior Project Marking Scheme

Table 1c: Senior Project Marking Scheme

PRJ 3004 Diploma Senior Project – Yearlong

Item Description

Senior Project

Marks (%)

For By

1 Project Proposal 10 Group Supervisor

2 Mini-Viva - Individual Panel

3 Continuous Assessment 20 Individual Supervisor

4 Final-Viva 30 Individual Panel

5 Prototype Judgment 10 (where used) Group Supervisor

6 Final Report 30 or 40 Group Supervisor

Total

100

The Final Report may be re-marked by a panel and in the event there is no Prototype, the Final

Report will be graded out of 40%.

Chemical Engineering Major Project Marking Schemes

Table 1d: Major Project Marking Scheme (Chemical)

PRJ4023 Degree Major Project – Semester 1 (Chemical)

Item Description

Major Project

Marks (%)

For By

1 Project Proposal 20 Group Supervisor

2 Continuous Assessment 40 Individual Supervisor

3 Mini-Viva 40 Individual Panel

Total

100

Table 1e: Major Project Marking Scheme (Chemical)

PRJ4024 Degree Major Project – Semester 2 (Chemical)

Item Description

Major Project

Marks (%)

For By

1 Design of Experiment 30 Individual Supervisor

2 Final-Viva 30 Individual Panel

3 Final Report 40 Group Supervisor

Total

100

Major Project Manual

Table 1f: Major Project Marking Scheme – Mini Viva (Chemical)

Faculty of Engineering and Computing - Mini Viva Mark Sheet (Chemical)

A. Technical Content

B. Quality of the

Presentation

C. Question, Answer

and Discussion

(a) Summary of the lit.

review

(b) practicality of the

selected method

presentation

(d) realism of the

timeline

(a) Clarity of expression

and use of Spanish

proficiency

(b) deportment and

delivery

aids

(d) use of allotted time

(a) quality and depth of

knowledge

(b) confidence and

alertness

Total

Names of Students

40 marks

20 marks

100

Table 1g: Major Project Marking Scheme – Final Viva (Chemical)

Faculty of Engineering and Computing - Final Viva Mark Sheet (Chemical)

A. Technical Content

B. Quality of the

Presentation

C. Question, Answer

and Discussion

(a) Theoretical

Background

(b) Extent of design

calculation

(d)Appropriateness of

recommendations and

conclusions

(a) Speech and

mannerism

(b) dress and

deportment

aids

(d) use of allotted time

(a) quality and depth of

knowledge

(b) confidence and

alertness

Total

Names of Students 40 marks 40 marks 20 marks

100

University of Technology, Jamaica

Table 1g: Major Project Marking Scheme – Final Viva (Chemical)

MAJOR PROJECT REPORT MARK SCHEME

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION MARKS

DOCUMENTATION

1 Executive summary (Spanish) 10

3 Table of contents, list of figures, list of tables 5

4 Punctuation and grammar 5

DOCUMENTATION TOTAL

CHAPTER I

5 Purpose of study/Introduction 3

Research problem statement

7 Research questions or Sub-topics 3

8 Key definitions 3

9 Significance of study 3

CHAPTER I TOTAL

CHAPTER II (lit. review)

10 Content organisation 5

Interpreting and inference

12 Summary of lit. review 5

Citing and referencing (APA)

CHAPTER II TOTAL

CHAPTER III (Method)

Description of materials and instruments used

15 Design of experiment (variables) 5

CHAPTER III TOTAL

CHAPTER IV (Results and analysis)

16 Clarity of graphs 5

17 Use of statistics to validate results 5

18 Adequate quantity of results given length of project and limitation 5

19 Observed trends from results and data analysis 5

20 Rational for observed trends supported by literature or cited theory 5

Conclusions

22 Recommendations 5

CHAPTER IV TOTAL

TOTAL 100

Major Project Manual

The following milestones and deadlines should be very clear to each student.

Figure 7A: Further SOE Project Milestones and Deadlines

Milestone Deadline

Project Application

Week 2, Semester 1

Final Project Approval Project Application

Week 4, Semester 1

Project Proposal (1

Draft)

Week 7, Semester 1

Chapters 1 - 3 (1

Draft) Week 12, Semester 1

Chapter 4 (1

Draft) Week 5, Semester 2

Chapter 5 (1

Draft) Week 7, Semester 2

Final Prototype, if applicable Week 7, Semester 2

Draft Report (all chapters) Week 9, semester 2

Final Report (2 Copies + Electronic Archive) Week 11, semester 2

Project Defence (Final Viva) Week 12, semester 2

Figure 7B: SCIT Project Milestones and Deadlines

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EVALUATION

The syllabi set out the general terms of the Major Project and Senior Project as to their selection,

solution, testing and reporting. More details of the monitoring and evaluation procedures to award

final grades are elaborated below.

Continuous Evaluation

Once the Project has been selected, by the student, or through mutual discussions between the

lecturer and the particular student group, and once the project has been approved by the Major

Project Committee, the students may proceed to collect data and information.

From the beginning, the lecturer must become an integral part of the project, so that while assisting

the students to complete the analysis and design of the project, the student can be continuously

coached on the proper techniques of Project Management. The students will need to do whatever is

necessary to complete the Project, to build, assemble or manufacture the device, or to compile the

research data for analysis. During the course of the year, and when these activities are in progress,

the supervisor has to monitor the individual effort and progress of each student, in spite of the

Project being a group effort, so that the individual student can be assessed and marked.

The assessment will be based on:

(a) The individual student’s contribution

(b) Attendance and participation at scheduled meetings.

(d) Scheduled periodic presentations

(e) The progress of the project

(f) The professionalism of the students’ approach

A minimum of two (2) meetings, between the groups and their supervisors, are required per

semester. The minutes of these meetings, signed by the project supervisor, are to be forwarded to

the Major Project Committee.

Procedure for Continuous Assessment

The procedures to be adopted for the continuous evaluation of the students are as follows:

(1) The Supervisor shall monitor the individual progress of each student as to the

contribution and progress of his or her input in the overall group effort for the

completion of the Project.

(2) The Supervisor should meet with the students to monitor the progress of the work,

and to ensure the set targets or milestones are being met and that the individual

students are actually performing their assigned duties.

(3) Oral or written reports should be requested from individual students on their assigned

tasks and marks assigned according to how professionally the student approaches

their specific project tasks.

Major Project Manual

Year End Evaluation and Grading

At the end of the academic session each group has to submit a report and defend it in a viva voce

examination. The guidelines for this preparation and submission of the project report are:

(1) Each group shall submit at least two copies of the project report within the deadline

specified for the purpose. It is optional but recommended, but not required, for the

group to make additional copies of the report for each member’s personal record.

(2) The completed project report must be signed by the Project Supervisor and the

Faculty Major Projects Coordinator before it is handed in to the student’s affairs

office. Unsigned Projects will not be accepted.

(3) The project report should be neatly prepared containing all calculations and drawings

wherever applicable. It should contain an overall summary of the project findings and

the recommendations for the project implementation and/or further work.

(4) In the body of the project report, the different chapters should include examples of

the problem calculations, the collection of data and analysis, drawings and designs,

and testing methods, results and conclusions.

(5) The report should highlight the contributions from each individual member of the

group, as their specific contribution shall figure prominently in the individual's

evaluation.

(6) 30-40% of the overall marks shall be reserved for the report proper, and shall be

awarded by the supervisor.

Presentation and Viva Voce

(1) To evaluate the project work, two viva voce examinations shall be held where each

student shall present and defend his project findings and answer questions from the

panel. The first viva, called Mini Viva, shall be held at the beginning of the final

Semester and shall be assessed by an internal panel comprising the Major Project

Committee, Senior Faculty and Project Supervisors. The second viva is called the

Final Viva and is held within two (2) weeks after the final semester examinations. In

this viva, students are judged by external examiners from the industrial sector, JIE,

and from other educational institutions, as well as a from among the senior Faculty's

members.

(2) The groups will generally have 20 minutes each for their presentation (in each viva)

(depending on the number of students – Diploma only) during which each student

must make a report and specify his/her specific contribution to the project (Students

are individually judged for their presentation). A 10-minute period follows during

which the panel will ask questions of each student.

(3) 40% of the Project marks will be based on the viva defences (in each semester -

Degree) and this is further sub-divided into the following areas:

University of Technology, Jamaica

Viva Assessment

Table 2: Viva Assessment

Mini (40) Final (40)

A. Technical Content

20 20

(a) Relevance of the Project problem

(b) Level of sophistication

(d) Extent of design/ data analysis/calculations

(e) Individual’s technical role in the project

(f) Successfulness of the project

Major Project Only

(g) Comparison of variations in designs

(h) Cost analysis

(i) Application to contemporary Issues

B. Quality of the Presentation

10 10

(a) Clarity of expression,

(b) Use of presentation aids

(d) Diction and Grammar

(e) Confidence and knowledge displayed

C. Question, Answer and Discussion

10 10

(a) Correctly answered questions

(b) Understanding of the Project

(d) Quality and depth of knowledge

(e) Confidence and alertness

Total

40% 30%

(4) This grading sheet giving specific guidelines for the awarding of marks by the viva

panel shall be made available to the panel at the time of the viva. The average of the

marks awarded by each panel member shall be the final marks for each component.

Major Project Manual

(5) The Hardware or prototype built for the project shall be displayed and demonstrated

to the external examiners on the morning of the Final Viva. A Power Point slide or

OHP film may be made available for viewing during the actual viva. Projects are

normally displayed in the Projects Lab (Electrical/Electronics), the Instruments Lab

(Instrument), and the Major Projects Display Area (Mechanical/Production) in front

of the Mechanical Workshops or alternate area. Any other special project display

area must be communicated to the Project office and be approved before the day of

the viva.

(6) The project supervisors may be present at the viva and may even be a part of the

Mini-Viva panel but is not allowed to interfere with the Final Viva process in any

way.

SCIT projects will be graded according to the following marking scheme.

SCIT Major Project Marking Schemes

Item Description

Major Project

Marks (%)

For By

1 Project Proposal 5 Group Supervisor

2 Continuous Assessment 15 Individual Supervisor

3 Final-Viva (Presentation) 30 Individual Panel

4 Final Report (includes Prototype) 50 Group Supervisor

Total 100

It is to be noted that the project report and the hardware built shall be the property of the Faculty of

Engineering and Computing, and the hardware shall be retained in the Faculty. The project report

shall be kept in the library, for further reference, once evaluation has been completed. For easy

identification, a distinctive number/code shall be used by the Faculty to identify each project report.

Prototype Hardware

The hardware is to be dismantled and the components returned to the respective stores. Only in

special cases, when it is expected that further work will be done on a project, that the prototype

shall be kept intact. In building the prototype, only what needs to be built is to be built (for

example, there is no need to build a power supply for a project if the required power is already

available somehow) Build only what parts need to be built.

For SCIT, Computer programs can be considered Hardware although funding can be sought for

only the storage mediums. Other hardware such as computer programs, switches, drives and cables

can be purchased from the Project funds as long as they are part of a designed and built prototype.

University of Technology, Jamaica

Where a prototype is to be displayed, its location must be communicated to the Project Committee

beforehand so that arrangements can be made to view the project.

Delivering the Viva Presentation

During the Mini Viva and Final Viva, each student will have to "make a speech", "give a talk", or

by whatever name, deliver his/her own presentation. Here are some guidelines to delivering a

proper presentation:

(1) Dress appropriately, as “Jeans and T-Shirts” may distract the panel from the

seriousness of your delivery.

(2) Rehearse your presentation and study how you will introduce your speech. This will

reduce the tendency for you to be nervous.

(3) Relax and focus on any one person in your audience. This will make the audience

appear smaller and make you less apprehensive.

(4) Avoid excessive salutations, as they only waste time. Wear name-tags so you don't

have to keep identifying yourself and each other.

(5) Be brief and concise. Stick to the topic and when you have finished saying what you

need to say, stop. Each person must present so share the presentation equally.

(6) Use visual aids to help your explanations as well as to help you to remember what to

say. Power Point will help you organize your presentation but you must practise how

to use it. Follow the 8X8 rule (8 lines per page and 8 words per line) and avoid

unnecessary special effects as they only distract your audience.

(7) Avoid distractions (called Noise) that will make your delivery more difficult, for

example hard to read charts, fidgeting around for things, long and boring reading from

sheets, poor posture, improper gestures, lack of eye contact and improper use of

computer projections, videotapes or OHPs.

(8) Use only English and avoid slang and mannerisms. Do not explain simple engineering

terminologies as your panellists are all Engineers. Keep your sentences clear and

deliberate and speak on what you know. It helps considerably to be very familiar with

the entire project and not with just your area of interest.

(9) Humour or anecdotes can be used to enhance your delivery but these should be smart,

short, to the point, non-offensive, and relevant.

(10) Answer the questions concisely. If you do not understand the question, ask for an

explanation. If you do not know the answer, say you do not know. Remember you will

be graded on how well you answer the questions and you may be asked about sections

of the project outside your area of responsibility as well as on general Engineering

principles, so get informed.

Major Project Manual

The following five cartoons will help to illustrate some of these points:

University of Technology, Jamaica

Major Project Manual

University of Technology, Jamaica

GROUPING

Major Project (Degree) students are required to work in groups of TWO (2) ONLY, This is to

facilitate better individual assessment of the students and more in-depth project work by the

individual. It also ensures that each student is properly assessed in the capstone project and allows

the student better access to learning opportunities, leading to improvements in the correlation

between coursework and viva examinations grades.

Senior Project (Diploma) students may work in groups of a MINMIUM of TWO (2) and a

MAXIMUM of FIVE (5). More than five persons may be allowed in a group on the request of a

supervisor and on the approval of the Projects Committee. The request must be justified in writing.

Two persons as a minimum are required because Project work is usually a group effort and part of

the Project exercise is learning how to work in a group.

The five person maximum is arrived at from the experience that more than this amount allows

some students to get away with doing little or no work on the Project.

The choice of group members is the responsibility of the students. Groups may mix inter-

disciplinarily.

FUNDING

Funding for the materials needed to construct the prototype (non sponsored projects only) will be

supplied by the university. This finance is provided from the Faculty's material's allowance and

cannot, therefore, legally be used for anything else but actual materials. In other words, the

University's funds cannot be used for transportation, stationary, sundries, binding (or anything to do

with the written reports), typing, fees of any kind, tips or gratuity, equipment rental, etc. Research

only projects, for that matter, require no funding.

Once the project has been approved, the student is requested to hand in a preliminary budget of

what the group intends to spend on the prototype. This budget can be revised at a later date but in

the first instance it will be required only to get a general idea of the amount of money needed for all

the projects. Before writing this budget, the Major Project's Store must be checked to see if any

parts needed are available in stock. Any part purchased from the University's funds, must be

handed in to the Major Project Store when the prototype is dismantled at the end of the year.

Funds, when needed, are applied for from the administrative office, through the Faculty Major

Project Coordinator, using Form 2 in Appendix 2. This form must be filled out and signed in

duplicate and the word “DUPLICATE” must appear on the copy.

All monies from the University must be made payable to the Supervisor since, again, the funds

from this account, by law, cannot be made payable to students. The student, however, is

responsible for returning all receipts for goods purchased to the project supervisor who will

compile them and submit them to the Major Projects Office. The sum of the receipts must balance

the amount of money allocated before the accounts for a Project can be closed. Any group of

Major Project Manual

students, who fail to hand in the correct amount of receipts, will have their final examination results

withheld until the outstanding receipts are submitted or the outstanding monies refunded. All

expenses must be accounted for by the submission of original receipts.

KEEPING A NOTEBOOK

Notebooks are useful tools for keeping your information together. They should be used as the

“filing system” for information related to the classes and project. Your supervisor may examine

your notebook in order to get an idea of your standing in the project or other assignments. The

notebooks will not be examined from the point of view of assigning a grade to them.

The notebook is a very valuable organizational and control tool. Most researchers in design

consider the management, control, and transformation of information to be a major component of

the design process. Notebooks provide the means to exercise that control.

They must be organized to reflect the particular sort of design effort undertaken. The sorts of

information being dealt with include; Specifications, constraints, source contacts, design notes,

sketches, design ideas, vendor information, meeting notes, calculations, task lists, calendars,

presentations, etc. Probably some type of sectioning should be imposed on this information.

A Suggested (by no means required) notebook structure is as follows:

1. Summary information:

Brief statements as to the status of the design project. These statements should represent a

"snapshot" of the present state. Group structure is best documented here, with individual

responsibilities. The overall task list should probably be here, as well.

2. Design:

Plan

Design oriented task list, detailed (a "to do" list, essentially)

Design ideas

Sketches

Notes

Listing of information sources

Calculations

Cost estimates

Note that the elements of this section must be readily identifiable, which implies some sort

of subdivisions.

3. Administrative:

Meeting notes

Schedule and detailed progress information

Purchasing related

- Vendor contacts

- Notes of phone contacts

University of Technology, Jamaica

MANAGING THE PROJECT

To manage your project properly, the group must appoint a project manager from among its

members and follow proper project management procedures as outlined in Section 1 of this

manual. Set up milestones for important activities so that completion dates for the various project

tasks and be adhered to. Assign duties to the group members and continuously check on the

progress of the project. You may use Microsoft Project, PERT or GANTT charts, or any project

management software or other tools to assist you in managing the project properly.

Poorly managed projects will result in delays and inability to meet deadlines, the severity of which

will often not be realized until very near the end of the project, when it is already too late. Plan

your project properly from the start.

Regular meetings with the group and the Project Supervisor are essential to maintaining good

project control and direction. All members of the group as well as the Supervisor must be kept

aware of all that is happening in the Project at all times.

A scribe or secretary should also be appointed who would be given the primary responsibility of

recording all findings and decisions. This person would then be responsible (with assistance from

the other members) for reporting the minutes of the meetings to the Projects Committee, as well as

preparing the final document, i.e. The Project Report.

For a structured approach to project management, Fergus O'Connell in his book "How to Run

Successful Projects", suggests:

Planning the Project

1. Visualize what the goal is: Set your eyes on the prize

2. Make a list of the jobs that need to be done

3. There must be one leader

4. Assign people to jobs

5. Manage expectations / allow a margin for error / have a fallback position

Implementing the plan / achieving the goal

6. Use an appropriate leadership style

7. Know what's going on

8. Tell people what's going on

9. Repeat steps 1 through 8 until step 10

10. The Prize: The completed project

Major Project Manual

REFERENCES

Gray C., and Larson E., (2000). Project Management: The Managerial Process, Irwin/McGraw

Hill Series

O'Connell F., (1994). How to Run Successful Projects, Prentice Hall

Microsoft Project 2000, Microsoft

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. (1996). 5

Edition. American

Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.

University of Technology, Jamaica

PREVIOUSLY APPROVED MAJOR AND SENIOR PROJECTS

The following is a list of approved Major Projects over the years. Projects from this list may be

selected for further work or modified to form new projects.

20010/11

1. Design of a Concrete Block Mould

2. Mechanical Turmeric Polisher

3. Semiautomatic Paint Filling Machine

4. Wooden Solar Crop Dryer

5. Crop Grinder

6. Design of 200 TPH Sand Quarry

7. Fibre Glass Solar Still

8. Solar Adsorption Refrigeration System

9. Design of a Solar Powered Vehicle

10. To Improve the Kingston & St. Andrew

Drainage System

11. Wave Energy Convertor

12. To Design a Build a Tab Type Feather

Picker

13. Mechanical Potato Slicer

14. Solar Powered Water pumping System for

Domestic & Farm Usage

15. Solar Generator for Home Appliances

16. Dust Suppression System

17. Standardization and Evaluation of the

Mechanical Workshop

18. Drill Press: Parallel Vice

19. Set of Surface Gauges

20. Increasing Engine Cooling Capacity

21. Surface Gauge

22. Renewable Power Water Supply Scheme

23. Solar Clothes Dryer

24. The Fabrication of a Drill Press Vice

2009/10

1. Hydroxyl gas generator

2. Automated Pneumatic Grip

3. Apparatus for Determining Crop Drying

Characteristics

4. Design a Chill-Water Plant for Water

Cooler at Redstripe

5. Solar Stirling Engine Water Pump

6. Commissioning of the Bio-Degister

Facilities of the Silverdene Farm

7. Conductive Heat Transferee Experiment

8. Thermal Radiation Experimental Apparatus

9. Feasibility Studies for the Development of

the Great River Small Hydro Power Plant

10. Mechanical Properties of Polymer/Ceramic

Composites

11. Motor Oil Re-refining Unit

12. Electricity Generating Door Closer

13. Low Head Hydroelectric Plant

14. Semi-Automatic Die Threading Attachment

15. Semi-Automatic Tap Threading Attachment

16. Mouse Trap

17. Single Stage Pulp Wash System

2008/9

1. CNC machine of refrigerant flow path

2. Domestic small farm vegetation machine

system

3. Commissioning of the solar golf cart at

Constant Spring Golf club

4. Water meter test bench

5. Corrosion characteristics of steel under the

influence of red mud slurry

6. Characteristics of heat flow in Red Mud

mould during casting

7. The air knife conveyor cleaning system

8. Time and study motion

9. Ergonomic Wheel Barrow

10. Oil filter crusher and the importance of it to

the environment

11. Energy profile of four ARCO PV modules –

A comparative study

12. Design & construction of nozzle for

increasing the vel. Of atomized particles

sprayed...

13. Vertical axis windmill

14. Redesigning the wheel barrow

Major Project Manual

15. Remote Meter Reading and Disconnection

16. IP-PBX Telephony System Integration Ext.

17. Radio Frequency (Rf) Speed Regulator

18. Designing of a Fluid Turbine External

19. Flood warning system for motorists

20. Reading Watt-Hour Meters Remotely

21. Engineer Modified Cultivation (Green

House)

22. Controlling a plant from a mobile Phone

23. Audio Controlled Mobility Device

24. Safety Alerts for Gullies & Fordings

25. Biodiesel Production

26. Fibre Optic Sensor for Transformer Oil

27. Computer Numerical Control Printed

Circuit Board Machine

28. Automated Castor Oil Extractor

29. Power Disconnection by SMS

30. Home Automation via Internet

31. Voice Control of an Air Conditioning Unit

32. Power System Voltage Mitigation

33. Alternate Energy for Cell Tower Operation

34. Wireless PC Monitor/Display

2007/8

1. Hand Powered Water Still

2. Backup Domestic Power from MVE

3. Biodegister Gas Storage, Piping System

4. Domestic Water as a Heat Sink for Ref.

5. Design Layout for Baicos Vaseline Line

6. Rural Well Water Supply, Photovoltaic

7. Recycling of Waste Tyres

8. Red Mud for Manufacture of Casting

9. Management and Disposal of Waste

10. Water Conservation System

11. Design & Const. Lab. Creep Testing

12. Sewage Treatment Plant Design

13. Car-Battery Powered Car Jack

14. Design a De-Superheating System

15. Caracterizing Degraded Photovoitaic

Modules

16. Failure Analysis of Power Plant Boiler

Tubes

17. Industrial Gasket Cutter (Motorized)

18. Domestic Can Crusher / Compactor

19. Design of a Portable System for Shell side

Caustic Cleaning of a condenser

20. Bag Shelf holder and Case

21. Machine Shop Work Tools

22. Manufacture of a MA 1500 Series Unislide

Assemble

23. Upgrading Protection Schemes for the

JPSCo 138 KV Transmission System

24. Remote Water Meter Reading

25. Automatic Transfer Switch

26. Control Remote Online Monitoring

Environment (C.R.O.M.E)

27. Voice Controlled AC Unit

28. Solar Powered Uninterrupted Power Supply

(S.P.U.P.S)

29. Automatic Vacuum Management System

30. Upgrading Protection Schemes Renewable

Sources

31. To Design and Implement an Automated

Bio-Diesel Plant

32. Voice Controlled Wheelchair

33. Using Fibre Optic to determine Transformer

Oil degradation in working transformers

34. To implement a Slow Down Method for

Ship to Shore Gantry Crane Spreaders

35. To install a Power Station at Port Antonio

36. The Interconnection cost for the

implementation of embedded Generators

2006/07

1. Solar Powered Cart

2. Energy Production & Pollutant Mitigation

3. Industrial Energy Management Program

4. Metal Containers for Classrooms

5. Portable Solar Air-Condition Unit

6. Water Heating & Climate Control

7. Passive Solar Tracker

8. Solar Adsorption Refrigeration

9. Development of a Charcoal-Methanol

Adsorption Solar Ice-Maker

10. Correlations Between Atmospheric

Variables and Irradiance

11. Development of Solar Dwelling

12. Processing Waste Products (motor vehicle

tyres)

University of Technology, Jamaica

13. Overhauling of Press for Converting Citrus

Waste

14. Solar Water Heater for UTech Lab.

15. Integrated Deodorizing and Dispensine Unit

for Garbage truck

16. Technology Audit

17. Irrigation System for a Farm

18. Pedagogical AutoCAD Table Game

19. Simple Friction Mechanical Padlock

20. Securing the AutoCAD Laboratory

21. Mechanical Swing Door System

22. Voice Controlled Security System.

23. Catineary Support Trolley Tracking System

24. Hatch Cover Warning System

25. Oily Water Separator

26. Remote Rainfall Monitoring System

27. UTech & Blackberry

28. Data Acquisition and control of a Boiler

System

29. Wireless KWH Meter Reader and Wireless

Power-Line Connection/Disconnection

30. Distributed Control Irrigation System

31. Robotic Vision

32. Regulatory Bus Information System

33. Fire Firefighting Robot

34. Electronic Cricket Scoreboard with

Wireless Control

35. Alternate Sources of Energy for a Digicel

Cellular Site

36. Distributed Temperature Control of a

Chicken Rearing Facility

37. Voice Activated Wheelchair

38. Rectification of Voltage Supply Problems

and increasing the Efficiency of Plant

Power Supply

39. Photovoltaic Applications for School

Science Lab (PASSL).

40. Digitizing Phonograph Record Tracks for

Audio Playback

41. Voice Command Wheelchair (Voice PRO)

42. Design and Implementation of a SIP-based

VOIP Analog Telephone Adapter

43. The use of Power line Systems for Remote

(Automatic) meter reading

44. Mobile Alarm and Remote Tracking

System (M.A.R.T.S)

45. Evaluating Radiation Levels

46. A smart Intercom-System

47. SPECIS-Solar Powered Electronic Control

Irrigation System

48. STS 45 Spreader Test Console

49. Acoustic Filter/Acoustic Echo Canceller

50. The Economic & Environmental benefits of

using Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

(OTEC) to produce Electricity and Fresh

Water in Jamaica

51. Variable Frequency Drive as an Energy

Saving Solution in Process Control

52. Automatic Control Implementation by

Mathematical Analysis

53. Dynamic Balancing Machine Control

Circuit

2005/06

1. Combined Solar and Passive Cooling

Techniques for Heat Reduction Through

Roof Fabrics

2. Energy Production and Pollution Mitigation

from Broiler Houses

3. Waste to Energy Conversion of Lan Fill

Gas

4. Design of Cassava Grinder

5. Single Cylinder Ruston Engine Restoration

6. Fish Bait Launcher

7. Solar Operated Golf Cart Solear

8. Removing Silt from the Herritage Dam

9. Breadfruit Roaster

10. The Effects of Water Quality on Efficiency

at JPS-OHPP

11. Design Portable Water Pump Station

12. Natural Cooling Techniques for Jam-

Buildings

13. Sliding Wear Behaviour of Case Hundered

Scopace

14. Rural Well Water Supply Utilizing

Photovoltaic Technology

15. CNC Paint Roller Guide

16. Corrosion Behaviour of Arced Globule

Deposits

Major Project Manual

17. Correlations of Combined Heat & Mass

Transfer in Heat Transfer Driven Flow from

a Bottom Heated Open Cavity

18. Overhauling of an Extrusion Machine

19. History of the Single cylinder Ruston

Diesel Engine

20. Solar Water Heater

21. Globe Valve Repair Machine

22. Fast Clamp Vice

23. Trolley Anti-collision System

24. Application of Energy Management

Principles to Conduct an Energy Audit on

plants…

25. Overhauling of a Blow Moulding Machine.

26. Time and Motion Study

27. Central Air Conditioning System

28. Feasibility Study of a Solar System

Powered Elevator

29. Retrofitted solar car

30. Wear of case H.M.S.L.C

31. Improvements steam generation

32. Roof cooling

33. Single cylinder restoration

34. Design portable water pump station

35. Cassava Grinder

36. Removing Silt H. D.

37. Natural coolant J. B.

38. Waste to energy conversion

39. Design & Implement a Monitoring System

for the Microwave Transmission Network

at the Jamaica Public Service Company

40. Over Current Protection on Power System

that was Designed at UTech for Training

Purposes

41. Data Acquisition System

42. Digital Voice Recognition System (for

security purposes)

43. Generator Simulation Software

44. Remote Chip Testing & Verification

System

45. Electronic Tour Guide

46. Robotic ABM

47. Substation Grounding Design

48. Voice Controlled Security System

49. Catenaries Support Trolley Tracking

System

50. Hatch Cover Warning System

51. Oily Water Separator

52. Remote Rainfall Monitoring System

53. UTech Blackberry

54. Data Acquisition and control of a Boiler

System

55. Wireless KWH Meter Reader and Wireless

Power-Line Connection/Disconnection

56. Distributed Control Irrigation System

57. Robotic Vision

58. Regulatory Bus Information System

59. Firefighting Robot

60. Electronic Cricket Scoreboard with

Wireless Control

61. Alternate Sources of Energy for Digicel

Cellular Site

62. Distributed Temperature Control of a

Chicken Rearing Facility

63. Recertification of Voltage Supply Problems

and increasing the Efficiency of Plant

Power Supply

64. Voice Activated Wheelchair

2004/05

1. Apparatus for Determining Crop Drying

Characteristics

2. Quality Control of Graphitic Irons by

Ultrasonic Methods

3. Solar Power Generator System using a

Photovoltaic Cell to Supply and Inverter

4. 69/24KV Substation, Protection & Control

Scheme Proxy System to TIE the JPSCO

Ring System (Portland-Lyssons) 69KV

5. Solar Powered Inverter 110Vac, 500W,

AT 50 HZ

6. Fabrication of Casting Specimen from Red

Mud

7. Jamaica Ginger Root Characterization

8. Maintenance Planning

9. Jamaica Natural Fibers for Composite

Materials

10. Production of Adhesive from Cassava

Starch

University of Technology, Jamaica

11. Energy Production and Pollutant

Mitigation from Broiler Houses on Poultry

Farms in Pennsylvania and Jamaica

12. Use of Cassava Starch for Settling of

Digested Bauxite Slurry

13. Digital Voice Recognition System (for

security purpose)

14. Temperature Control in a Solar Crop Dryer

15. Electrical Design for a 69/24KV

Distribution Substation

16. Coconut Scraper Redesign

17. Maintenance Planning

18. FM Transmitter

19. Biodigester

20. Design an Emergency Lighting System for

the Engineering Buildings at UTech

21. Radio Transmitter Locator

22. Alternative (renewable) Energy Project

23. Substation Grounding Design

24. Juice Extractor

25. DC-DC Boost Converter

26. DC to DC Buck Converter

27. A Voice Over IP Digital Communication

system

28. Modernization of a Ride at Coconut Park

29. Designing an Intranet for the School of

Engineering

30. Radio Direction Finding System

31. Radio Direction Finding System

32. Design and Implement a Monitoring

System for the Microwave Transmission

Network at JPSCo

33. Standard Car Engine

34. Over Current Protection on Power System

that was Designed at UTech for Training

Purposes

35. Data Acquisition System

36. Zone Refining Furnace

37. Robotic ABM

38. Generator Simulation Software

39. Broom Pump 2

40. Optimization of the wire spray parameters

fictional resistance

41. Mathematical Modeling of a Bio reactor

42. Robotic Tile Laying Machine

2003/04

1. Design/Build a Pneumatic Conveying

System

2. Installation of Counter-flow Heat

Exchanger

3. Design & Manufacture of Bench Vice

4. Heat Arrester

5. Solar Cutter

6. Water Foot Valve

7. Broom Pump

8. Capacity Restoration at the JPS Co.

Rockfort Diesel Station

9. Motor Control Centre

Rewiring of Electrical Machines Laboratory

10. Automatic Transfer Switch

11. Benefits of LNG over propane for Domestic

Use

12. Design and Construction of Starter for DC

Machine

13. Energy Reduction for Jamaica Boilers

contract farmers

14. Design of Starter for DC Machine

15. Energy Reduction for Jamaica Boilers

contract farmers

16. Alternative Power- Solar

17. Switching Voltage Regulators

18. Construction and Testing of a 100W Power

Amplifier

19. Development of Labs Using the Variable

Speed Drive

20. Coordination of Fuses on Feeder

Distribution System

21. Energy Audit- Caribbean Products

22. Protection Schemes For Model Power

System

23. Design of Small Training Power System

24. Data Acquisition system for Unit

Operations Equipment

25. Review of Biomedical Engineering in

Jamaica

26. Design and Construction of IEEE Hunting

Robot

27. Electronic Pest Control for Flying Insects

and Rodents

28. Electronic Fence for Pets and Toddlers

Major Project Manual

29. Design and Build a Robo-Dog for a 12 year

Old)

30. Electronic Pest Control for Flying Insects

and Rodents

31. Intelligent Traffic light Controller

32. Electronic Scoreboard

33. Seismograph

34. Electrical Power Quality

2002/03

1. 110V 100W 50Hz Inverter

2. Air Distribution System

3. AM Transmitter Receiver

4. Auto Gate Opener

5. Automated Compressor Wash-Water

System

6. Automated Distribution Switching

7. Autonomous Fire Fighting Robot

8. Cardiac Simulator

9. Characterization of Surface Roughness

10. Corrosion of Grey Cast Iron in a Sucrose

Solution

11. DC to AC Inverter

12. Design and build a computer conferencing

network

13. Design of a Data Acquisition System

14. Digital Baby Monitor

15. Digital Multichannel Wireless Microphone

16. Electronic Grill

17. Facilities Planning

18. Home Security System

19. Improvement of fuel oil pump system at

OldHarbour

20. Lighting Mitigation on the JPS

Distribution Sys

21. Model of JPSCo Transmission system

22. Modernization of Children's ride at

CoconutPark

23. Preventative Maintenance for Compressor

24. Reclaiming Copper

25. Recycling of Plastic Materials

26. Redesign & Wire a 3 Phase Induction

Motor

27. Re-engineering of a Jamaican Made

wheelchair

28. Solar Power Supply System

29. Strain Gauge Technology

30. Switching DC to DC Converter (Choppers)

31. The Ultrasonic Switch - Car remote

control locking

32. Turbo-jet Engine

33. Vehicle Object Closeness Indicator

34. WAN Solution

35. Wind Turbine

36. Wireless Advertisement Billboard (WAB)

37. Wireless Intercom

38. Wireless Metering

2001/02

1. AC Motor Drive Lab

2. Bathroom for Handicapped

3. Bathroom Lighting

4. Car Alarm System

5. Coconut Scraper

6. DC to DC Converter

7. Digital Multimeter

8. Digital Telephone Transmitter

9. Electronic Book Detection

10. Farm Control System

11. High Voltage Lab

12. Jamaican Wind Turbine

13. Mechanical Forearm

14. Motor Vehicle Locator

15. Optimizing a Wheel Chair

16. Photovoltaic System

17. Robot Playing Pong

18. Solar Racing Car

19. Telephone Call Inhibiter

20. Voice Activated Switch

21. Voice Activated Switch

22. Waste Water Management

2000/01

1. SolidState Relaying

2. Low Head Hydro Plant

3. Power System Protection

4. 69/24 KV Substation

5. 3 Phase Comp. Data

6. Auto. Traffic System

University of Technology, Jamaica

7. 69/24 KV Substation

8. JPS Duhaney Substation

9. Compressor Pressure Measurement

10. Parking Radar

11. Web Controlled Camera

12. Switching Power Supply

13. Radio UTech 2000

14. Autonomous Robot

15. Auto. Waste Disposal

16. Non-Autonomous Robot

17. Parking Radar

18. Voice Activated Wireless

19. Wireless Heart Monitor

20. Train Traffic Control

21. Voice Activated Wireless

22. Passive House Cooling

23. Concrete Solar Sill

24. Red Mud for Castings

25. UTech Wind Turbine

26. Coconut Opener

27. Solar Water Heater

28. Rubber Reclamation

29. Coconut Scraper

30. Tribological Critique

1999/00

1. Computer Pressure Sensor

2. Wheelchair Design

3. Bottling Plant

4. Computer Temperature Sensor

5. Coconut Opener

6. Utility Vehicle

7. Friction & Wear Apparatus

8. Optimizing Wheelchair

9. Red Mud for Casting

10. Wind Turbine

11. Open Roof Pond

12. Wireless Intercom

13. Crossover Network

14. Electronic Lock

15. Digitally Controlled EQ

16. GIS

17. MultipointDistribution

18. Baby Monitor

19. PIC Interface Controller

20. Wireless Intercom

21. Wireless R.O.V.

22. Car Electronics

23. Electronic Thermostat

24. Motor Speed Control

25. JPS Co Old Harbour

26. Temperature Measurement

27. Solar Energy

28. Computer Thermometer

29. Multi Speed Control

30. Controlled Generator

1998/99

1. Engine Testing

2. Agricultural Implement

3. LPG Cylinder Transporter

4. Solenoid Valve

5. IC Tester

6. Micro Hydro Power

7. Hydro Generator

8. Solar Water Heater

9. Solar Cooker

10. Dunder Treatment

11. Power Distribution Ground

12. Automated Bottling Plant

13. Cleaning in Process

14. Mini Hydro Generator

15. Agricultural Implement II

16. PID Control

17. Robot Arm

18. Ultrasonic Motion Detector

19. Capacitor Discharge Ignition

20. Home Security System

21. Crossover Network

22. Variable Speed Drive

23. Telephone Transmitter

24. Super Microphone

25. Solenoid Valve II

1997/98

1. Constructing Block Making Mould

2. Jelly Coconut Opener

3. Sand Blaster Assessment

4. Design & Construct Paper Jogger

Major Project Manual

5. Escalator for Engineering Dept.

6. Mass Production of Chairs

7. Open Top Wood Gassifier

8. Caller Identification

9. Audio Scrambler/Descrambler

10. Wireless Security System

11. Toll Call Inhibiter

12. A Transmitting Alarm System

13. Wireless Stereo System

14. Switchless Intercom

15. Dwelling House Alternate Energy

16. Controlling Motor Speed

17. Investigating JPS Power Surges

18. Liquefied Petroleum Gas Supply

19. Three Phase Sine Wave Inverter

20. Traffic Light System for UTECH

21. Cable TV on Campus

22. Solar Powered Irrigation System

23. Computer Ultrasonic Measuring

24. Motorized Robotic Arm

25. Automated Water Dispenser

26. Injection Machine Control

27. Heliostat Sun Tracking Reflectors

1996/97

Overhaul Sand Blasting Machine

2. Planned Maintenance Program

3. R&D Biogas/Kerosene Stove

4. Elevator Design For Department

5. Control of Effluent - Industrial Plant

6. Coffee Pulper

7. Plant Layout for Chair Manufacture

8. Research & Design Domino Process

9. Mechanical Crane

10. Tar Sprayer

11. Block Mfg. Plant Maintenance

12. Reconstruction of Compressor

13. Household Jelly Coconut Opener

14. Model Power Distribution System

15. Motors by Tapped Field Method

16. Electronics System For New Dorms

17. Wind Powered Generator

18. Water Sterilizer

19. Electrical Water Heater

20. Alarm System with Remote Monitor

21. Control of a DC Motor Thyristor

22. Incandescent Lamp Dimmer/Protector

23. Wind Energy in Jamaica

24. Liquid Level Controller

25. Portable Sound Level Meter

26. Hi-Tech Security System

27. Remote Control & Combination Switch

28. Fire Alarm System

29. Automatic Logic Control

30. Automatic Irrigation System

31. Flow Monitor Control System

1995/96

1. Overhaul Block Making Machine

2. Disc Brake Material

3. Tar Sprayer

4. Ruston Oil Engine

5. Standby Power Supply

6. A.M. Broadcast Superhetrodyne

7. Carbon Monoxide Detector

8. Telephone Call Tracer

9. Robotic Arm Circuit

10. Ultrasonic Mosquito Repeller

11. Modification of Telephone Switch

12. Overhaul Crane

13. Overhaul 65KVA Standby Generator

14. Designing Desk & Chair

15. Recycling Seawater

16. Overhaul Mould Injector

17. Plant Layout & Design Guidelines

18. Speed Control of AC Motor

19. UTECH Electrical Supply Wiring

20. Direct Current Generator Set

21. Power Driven Garden Wagon

22. Standby Light System

23. Remote Control Latch

24. Industrial Peppermint Dryer

25. Small Scale Biogas Plant

26. Overhaul Pneumatic Trainer

27. Automatic Flow Control System

28. Water Purification

29. Shape Memory Alloys

30. Electronic Liquid Clarity Meter

1994/95

University of Technology, Jamaica

1. CAST Standby Generator Plant

2. Plant Layout and Design Guidelines

3. Design of Keyboard Stand

4. Car Parking Facilities on Campus

5. Upgrading CAST Electrical Supply

6. CAST Central AC Unit

7. Investigating the Recycling of Water

8. Computer Numerical Display

9. Seven Digit Digital Code Lock

10. Selective Public Address System

11. Ultrasonic Doppler Shift Injector Alarm

12. Public Address Amplifier

13. Remote Control Dimmer

14. Standby Power Supply

15. Overhauling Mould Injector

16. Moody Friction Factor

17. Overhauling a Power Hacksaw

18. Press Tool for Creep Test

19. Overhauling an Encapsulator

20. Voice Recognition Unit

21. Electronic Liquid Level Detector

22. Sun Tracking Solar Panel

23. Electronic Temperature Trainer

24. Electronic Ignition Circuit

25. Vortex Motion

26. Computer Repairing and Networking

27. Vibration Analysis to Trouble Shooting

28. Portable Haemoglobin Meter

1993/94

1. Electronics Random Number Generator

2. Remote Control light Dimmer

3. 50MHz Linear Power Amplifier

4. 50MHz Linear Transverter

5. Automobile Locator

6. Overhauling Mould Injector

7. Modification of Pipe Unit (Stage II)

8. Overhauling Milling Machine

9. Overhaul Encapsulator Unit

10. Switched Mode Power Supply

11. Digital Frequency Counter

12. Testing Acoustic Foam

13. Electronics Liquid Flow Rate Meter

14. True Synchronous Detector

15. Vortex Motion Lab Equipment

16. Bio-Feedback Demonstrator

17. Electromechanical Liquid Level Control

18. Wireless Data Communication

19. Speed Servo System

20. Alarm System

21. Power Supply

22. Computer Flatness Measurement

23. Standby Power Source

24. Cooling Tower Design

25. Reynolds’ Number Apparatus 26.

Kerosene Oil Stove Analysis

27. Orimulsion Fuel

28. CAST Power Loss Improvement

29. Auto-Manual Level Control System

30. Electronic Temperature Controller

31. Computing Mass of Suspended Particles

32. Orifice Apparatus Construction (Part II)

1992/93

1. Corrosion

2. pH Analyzer Controller

3. Baby Monitor & Alert System

4. Reconstruction of Pipe System

5. Evaluation of Solar Cooker

6. Low Frequency Transmitter

7. JPS Feeders Optimization Research

8. Air Condition for ComputerBuilding

9. CAST 35

Anniversary Logo

10. Peanut Shelling Machine

11. Solar Tubing Former

12. Orifice Flow Apparatus

13. Universal Input Power Supply

14. Tool Cutter Grinding

15. Level Flow System

16. Digital Scale

17. Coal for Power Generation

18. Electronic Insect Repellent

19. AM Transmitter

20. Design & Manufacture of Spur Gears

21. Forced Vortex Motion

22. Infrared Detection System

23. Sub Station Protection

24. Coffee Roaster

25. Diesel Engine Test Bed

Major Project Manual

26. Refurbishing Language Lab

27. Variable Capacitance Turbidimeter

28. Hearing Aid

29. Computer Approach to Flatness

30. Overhauling Universal Milling Machine

31. Analysis of Kerosene Stove

32. Alignment of Lathe

1991/92

1. Voice Operated multi Switch

2. Portable Microphone

3. Digital Power Supply

4. Digilock

5. Electrocardiogram Machine Simulation

6. Computer Process Control

7. TTL Monitor Tester

8. Digital Notice Board

9. Fibre Optics Communication Link

10. Solar Mobile

11. Power Generation at CAST

12. Protection & Grounding for Sub-Station

13. Dielectric Heater

14. Domestic Solar Water Heater

15. Demonstration of Distillation Process

16. Telemetering Systems

17. Peanut Shelling Machine

18. Variable Resistance Rowing Machine

19. Closed Loop Solar Water Heater

20. Rebuild Cross Feed

21. Commission Shaper Machine

University of Technology, Jamaica



Major Project Manual

University of Technology, Jamaica

Major Project Manual

University of Technology, Jamaica

Major Project Manual

University of Technology, Jamaica

Major Project Manual

TIPS ON TECHNICAL WRITING

1. Write cleanly. Delete words that add little meaning and impede flow (study the

advertisement below). Rephrase. Do misplaced details obfuscate the main point? When in

doubt, do without.

2. Use present tense. Students tend to use past or future tenses because work is already

complete or it hasn't been done yet. Instead, imagine viewing the work and describe it.

Sometimes past or future tense is most appropriate, just use it judiciously and avoid

mixing tenses.

3. Use third person. Only use “I”, “we”, “us”, “you”, or “our” in special circumstances, such

as in a preface or acknowledgments.

4. State the obvious, but avoid unwarranted redundancy.

5. For sideways (i.e. landscape) figures and tables, place the top at the binding.

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its raw to finished state, all the way through to its end markets.

This, of course, would enable you to lower warehousing and inventory carrying costs.

Perhaps even reduce operating expenses across the board. And, at the same time, put you

in a much better position to successfully satisfy your customers.

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logistics picture.

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mechanics all the way through to tailor-made software to keep them all on track. In

addition, we'll also provide total administrative and full MIS support.

Best of all, while we manage the entire system for you, it remains under your control.

Which means throughout the entire program, Ryder is accountable to you in a fully

University of Technology, Jamaica

committed working partnership. We'll steer a course for you through the ever-increasing

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Source: Georgia Institute of Technology – http://helix.gatech.edu/classes/ME4182/

Special Notes

Sources of Information

Potential sources of information: Library Catalogues, Journals, Special Magazines, Past

Projects, Web-based databases etc. Related Organizations such as IEEE, IMechE, and

Special Texts direct from publishers etc

There are several other libraries, UWI, HEART etc with Handbooks, Encyclopaedias,

Dictionaries, etc

Liaise with other lecturers and industry personnel within the area. Send emails to other

Universitiesfor options, if you have to.

Tip: Think of key words when searching electronic databases and reference books etc.

Basic Skills

Read books to develop writing, research and presentation skills. Visit the Communications

arm of the University.

There are texts such as the Art of Public Speaking etc

Basic Dos

- take an overall look

- keep a full reference of any material

- back up your work

- allow time for illustrations

- aim to finish two days early

- Exercise good project management

Do Not

- Print the last few hours etc

- Use scrap paper to keep records

- Postpone all word-processing

Major Project Manual

THESIS/PROJECT WRITING GUIDELINES

http://edtech.boisestate.edu/online/classes/thesis_project.htm

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM OR NEED FOR THE PROJECT

Introduction - this is a general introduction to the topical area. It is a general, broad statement

that provides an overview of the area involving your study or project. Guiding questions for this

area are:

• Why is this areaimportant for research?

• What has been the historical development of the topic?

• Are there different points of view about the topic?

• Have there been significant investigations, studies, or reports concerning the topical area?

• What is the current status of the area of your interest?

• What are the major outstanding concerns in the general area?

Statement of the Problem - since the introduction has given a broad, general background to the

study/project, this should be very specific in nature. The statement of the problem might begin

with the words, "The problem of the study is...." or "This project will address the problem of..."

Guiding questions for this area are:

• Does the problem pose significance for IT and computer science?

• Will the problem present data that explains previously unexplained facts?

• Will the problem serve as a point of departure for the project or study?

Purpose of the Study/Project - this section provides you with an opportunity to tell the reader the

overall purpose of your study or project. For a project, include either questions to be answered or

specific objectives to be reached. For a thesis, include research questions to be answered and/or

hypotheses. Guiding questions are:

• Is the question directly related to the review of the literature?

• Does the question help clarify the problem statement?

• Does the question project a bias?

• Is it possible to misinterpret the question?

• Is the objective specific and clearly stated?

• Is the objective directly related to the review of the literature?

• Is each hypothesis clearly stated?

• Are the hypotheses testable?

Limitations - these are constraints to the study that are beyond your control but that may

influence the data. Limitations may emerge at any time during your study or project.

University of Technology, Jamaica

Delimitations –these are deliberately self-imposed constraints on the research. You define the

boundaries in the problem area within which the study will be done, and the population or

situation to which the findings may apply.

Definition of Terms - be sure that important terms and concepts used in the study/project are

adequately analyzed and defined. Assign a precise meaning to commonplace words of

importance.

Significance of the Study - this section provides answers as to what the study/project will

contribute. It should specifically state the value of the study. Why is this project or study

important?

CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

This is a vital part of the proposal that you present to your committee. It is evidence that you are

thoroughly knowledgeable about the research that has been conducted in the area of your

proposed investigation or project. It becomes the basis for your study/project.

The review is a careful examination of a body of literature pointing toward the answer to the

problem of your study or need for your project. It is essential to discover what is already known

about your topic/area. Guiding questions are:

• What is known about my subject?

• Are there any gaps of knowledge of my subject?

• Have these gaps been identified by other researchers or professionals in the field?

• Is there a consensus on relevant issues or is there significant debate?

• What are the various positions?

• What direction should my project or study take based on my review of the literature?

Introduction - give the reader a description of the procedure you used in conducting your review

of the literature. What databases were used in the review? Tell how the chapter will be

organized, e.g. topically, chronologically, historically, etc. What sections will be included in the

chapter?

THESIS - CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY

The purpose of this chapter is to provide, in detail, clear and understandable statements

describing EVERY STEP you will take in carrying out your study.

Research Design - let the reader know the type of design you are using and why that research

design was chosen.

Population/Sample - carefully identify the sample and describe in detail the manner in which it

was chosen. Naturally, if you are including all possible subjects, you are dealing with a

population. In this case, you describe the characteristics of the population.

Major Project Manual

Instrument - identify each instrument you will use to measure the variables in your study. There

should be a separate subsection for each instrument. Information should be provided regarding

the development of the instrument, the history of its use, data regarding its validity and

reliability, data regarding how the instrument is administered and scored and anything else that

will give insight into its appropriateness. Additionally, provide a rationale for the selection of

your instruments. Generally, a copy of the instrument should be included in the appendix (for the

proposal and the final thesis).

Data Analysis - discuss how the data will be analyzed and include any statistical treatments.

Procedures - describe each and every step taken to do your study. It is a type of "road map" that

others must follow if they choose to replicate your study. Include the steps you took to contact

the population/sample in your study, how you obtained their cooperation, how the instruments(s)

were administered, how the data was handled as it was returned, how follow-ups were handled,

etc. Copies of all letters, instruction sheets, etc. should be placed in the appendices. If you are

using a human population, you must submit an Application for Approval of Investigations

Involving the Use of Human Subjects to the Boise State University Institutional Review Board

before you begin your study. Talk to your advisor to make sure this important step is completed.

Guiding questions:

• Is the sample adequate in kind and number?

• Is the sample appropriate for the purpose of the study?

• Is the sample sufficiently representative of the population to permit you to generalize the

findings?

Timeline (present only in proposal) - give your committee a schedule for your study including a

project completion date.

PROJECT - CHAPTER 3 - DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

Project Design - describe each and every step to be taken to do your project. It is a type of "road

map" that others must follow if they choose to replicate your project. Include all the steps you

took in setting up your project. Describe what the final product of your project will look like.

The clearer you can make this for the committee, the better. Copies of all pertinent documents,

instruction sheets, etc. should be placed in the appendices.

Description of Target Population – describe the population who will benefit by your project. Be

specific about the benefits as well as how the project will benefit the target population

Project Evaluation - describe how you will determine that your project has been effective. What

measures will you take to modify/improve the product? Talk to your advisor to make sure this

important step is completed.

Timeline (present only in proposal) - give your committee a schedule for your project including a

project completion date.

University of Technology, Jamaica

CHAPTER 4 - FINDINGS

Introduction - tell the reader how you have organized the findings. Typically, you would

organize them around your study's research questions or hypotheses. There should be an analysis

of each section and tables/charts included.

Discussion - this gives you an opportunity to move beyond the data with inferences and

implications. Guiding questions:

• Have you provided an overview of the significant findings of the study?

• Have you discussed the findings and compared them to existing research studies?

• Have you presented implications of the study for IT and computer science?

• Have you discussed the applications of your findings?

CHAPTER 5 - SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary - this is an overview of the study and not a summary of your findings. Restate the

problem, research questions, objectives and a short summary of the procedures you followed in

conducting your project.

Conclusions - these are the conclusions you draw from your findings. Number the conclusions.

The conclusions must relate directly to the findings.

Conclusions - these are your conclusions about your project. Was it effective? Number the

conclusions. The conclusions must relate directly to your project findings.

Recommendations - these should be based on the conclusions. Number the recommendations.

Guiding questions:

• Are the summary, conclusions and recommendations concisely and precisely stated?

• Are the conclusions and recommendations justified?

• Does the study suggest related problems that need to be investigated?

• Are your recommendations data-based and stem directly from the data and the

conclusions?

REFERENCES

You must use the APA Publication Manual in listing your references. Include only the sources

that were used in the study/project.

APPENDICES

These vary with each project/ thesis.

Major Project Manual

University of Technology, Jamaica

The University of Technology, Jamaica

Faculty of Engineering and Computing

School of Engineering

Major Project Review

As a requirement for the accreditation of the

Bachelors of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Programmes

November 2007

Maurice Fletcher

Major Project Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Summary................................................................................................................................... 80

Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 81

Background ............................................................................................................................... 82

Major Projects at Present ........................................................................................................... 86

Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 87

Appendix 1 – Major Projects Syllabus ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Appendix 2 – Research Methods Syllabus ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

University of Technology, Jamaica

SUMMARY

Major Project has not faced a major review since 2003. Meanwhile it has been scrutinized by

various external examiners, as part of the continuous quality assurance for the programme, as

well as been assessed by several accrediting bodies in a bid to accredit the Electrical and

Mechanical engineering degree programmes. The accrediting bodies are The University Council

of Jamaica (UCJ), The Accrediting Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET) and the

Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). All of these reviewers agree that there are

serious deficiencies in the present major project system.

Major projects, as the capstone project for the degree programmes, must be design/build. No

research or feasibility study projects should be allowed as they do not sufficiently test the

students in all the necessary areas. All students must be individually assessed although they may

work in groups, and this facilitates ensuring that each and every student meets the programme

requirements. It also ensures better correlation between examinations and coursework within the

major project experience.

Major projects must now test the students’ academic depth, knowledge of contemporary issues,

as well as their ability to apply theory to solve real life problems. Economic andtechnical

analysis must be standard in the projects to train the students how to deal with such issues in real

life.

Through radical or incremental upgrades, Major Project must evolve to be the vehicle of student

excellence it was intended to be. It must culminate the four years of degree study the students go

through and fully prepare them for the world of work.

Major Project Manual

INTRODUCTION

Major Projects were first offered in the Diploma programme in 1990 as a means of ensuring that

engineering students graduated with a strong practical base. The upgrade of the Diploma to the

Degree originally had the Major Projects being retained primarily as a means for students to

explore and test their technical skills by applying what they had learnt in a practical setting.

Projects developed requiring students to synthesize and build prototypes or carry out feasibility

studies with little emphasis placed on design details, contemporary issues, costs or analysis. The

emphasis then was mainly on synthesis and presentation.

When the Degree programme got underway in 2003 it naturally followed on the practical bias of

the Diploma and the emphasis shifted to the management of projects as well as the integration of

staff research with major projects. As the university grew and encouraged its staff to research,

Major project responded by requiring Academic staff to apply Major Projects to their own research

where possible. The intention was to stimulate staff into the research mode and at the same time

expose students to the research culture hoping this would lead to more peer review publications

from the staff and lifelong learning in the students. Major Projects were skewed in this direction in

an effort to boost both staff into research and students into real life and meaningful research.

Since then, many revisions of the Degree programme have ensured a delicate balance between

academia and practicality and Major Projects has been slowly evolving to reflect these changes.

The program has recently gone on to seek accreditation from various bodies, local and

international, and consequently, Major Projects are required to be mainly design and build with cost

and technical analysis.

Major projects must now test the students’ academic depth, knowledge of contemporary issues, as

well as their ability to apply theory to solve real life problems.

University of Technology, Jamaica

BACKGROUND

The Degree is being accredited by several agencies and we must ensure we meet the prescribed

standards. Major projects must reflect the philosophy of the University and Faculty, as well as the

objectives of the Degree programme. The philosophies of the University and Faculty respectively

are:

The University is committed to the total education of the individual as a social being and

seeks to develop the whole person in terms of personal well-being and social and

intellectual competence. It promotes life-long learning, personal development and service to

the community (UTech 2007).

The engineering profession requires persons who are able to apply the principles of physical

sciences, economics and environmental concerns in the design, implementation and

operation of products, components, processes, and operations. Engineering is a very

practical field and as such, the basic educational philosophy of the school of engineering is

to educate its students by using participatory, “hands-on” laboratory and design centred

approach (School of Engineering Self Study – August 2005).

The philosophies of the Mechanical and Electrical programmes allude to practice orientation and

creative design skills as follows:

The Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering programme aims to provide high quality,

affordable, practice-oriented education, which satisfies the mechanical engineering needs of

Jamaica and the wider Caribbean. It is believed that the mechanical engineer of the future

will be involved in the design, construction, implementation and operation of clean and/or

zero-waste technologies and in the design and analysis of programmable/ flexible

manufacturing systems. The "taught" portion of the programme will therefore provide the

scientific, mathematical, experimental, and workshop competencies needed for these tasks

while developing within the student the ability to relate to the society for whom these

developments are being established. Through the concept of industrial cells and industrial

placements, the students will be exposed to engineering practice as well as the non-

scientific factors that influence everyday engineering operations (School of Engineering

Self Study – August 2005).

The Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical) aims to develop graduates with the requisite

competencies and skills in analytical and creative design, to work with systems that:

a) Produce, process and propagate signals in electromagnetic forms and/or

b) Generate, transmit, distribute and apply electrical energy.

More importantly, the B.Eng. programme seeks to provide cost- effective practice- oriented

Engineering Education that targets the industrial needs and opportunities in the emerging

Information and Communication Technology arena and seeks to exploit the power of the

Major Project Manual

Mechatronics paradigm for engineering design practice (School of Engineering Self Study –

August 2005).

Major projects must also ensure students demonstrate their academic knowledge and practical

skills, and it must be arranged for the total and individual assessment of each graduating student.

To maintain a high standard in the Degree programme, the University decided to engage external

examiners from recognized and accredited institutions outside of Jamaica. These examiners are

required to review the programme including the examinations and to comment and suggest

improvements. Examiners are also required to examine Major Projects as part of the Final Viva

panel. Several examiners, over the years, have been generally unimpressed by our students and

their projects until recently and have suggested adjustments in the programme, many of which have

been incrementally implemented.

Professor Raj Aggarwal of Bath University in his July 1993 report commented that:

The standard of the limited number of interim project reports examined was found to be

mixed, and this was to be expected. In the case of project presentations, I found these to be

quite impressive with an element of professionalism in most cases. The good thing was that

although the students were carrying out group projects rather than individual ones, the

participation of all students involved in a particular project appeared to be on an equitable

basis, i.e. there were no “free passengers” (Aggarwal 1993).

Dr. Horace Whitworth, in his July 2002 external examiner report, explained that:

The external examiner also participated in the evaluation of major design projects. This

evaluation included judging the oral presentations as well as evaluation of the written

reports. Three different student groups made presentations. Two of the three project reports

were received for review the day prior to the presentations. The reports, for the most part,

were well written. Groups consisted of two to three students, which constituted a reasonable

group size for major projects.

While student groups seemed well prepared for the oral presentations, the overall project

activities seemed were not very strong on design. In all cases, they lacked any significant

design component or content. The reports lacked any basic comparison of variations in

designs, cost analysis, or feasibility studies. In addition, there was no attempt to design,

build or test any system or component. This lack of design depth was obviously reflected in

the presentations and question & answer sessions. It is the opinion of the evaluator that

greater emphasis should be placed on design and build in these major projects.

In August 2003, Dr. Whitworth further report noted that:

University of Technology, Jamaica

The external examiner also participated in the evaluation of major design projects. Project

groups consisted of two to three students, which constitute a reasonable group size for

major projects. While student groups seemed well prepared for the oral presentations,

projects were relatively simple in scope and void of any design content, again an ABET

requirement. As individual grade is dependent on these project presentations, the moderator

could be stricter in assuring that all presenters adhere to the time constraints as some

students appear to monopolize presentation time (Whitworth 2003).

After this observation, all major projects were required to be design build in keeping with the

ABET requirements. Several lecturers, as project supervisors, argued that feasibility studies

included strong design contents and economic evaluations and these projects should be allowed as

well. These projects were allowed. It should be noted, however, that in 2001 Professor Greg Asher

in his external examiner’s report did not agree with undergraduates conducting feasibility reports.

Although he was not referring to the present degree program, his comments were appreciated and is

worthy of discussion and possible implementation. He stated in his report that:

A number of last year’s (2000) major project reports were reviewed and I attended the

BEng project talks for this year’s cohort. The activity appears to be an information research

exercise rather than one of design, build and test. I found the majority of projects superficial

and lacking in engineering content. Many seemed to be poorly supervised. Further, I found

that the amount of work did not correlate with the number in the group – in fact it seemed

that the larger the group, the less the group achieved. The standard of understanding in the

question and answer sessions was generally of a poor standard.

Overall, I found the project to be the weakest component of the BEng degree and I would

recommend that the department address the problem for the new degrees. Some

recommendations are:

• Major projects should be made much larger, consisting of at least 25% of a year’s work.

• The major projects should consist of real engineering and not just information research.

A design/build type structure should be the norm.

• No more than two students should work together on the major project.

• Information research or feasibility studies can be the subject of another module: in fact

it is common in the UK for this type of project to be undertaken by a group of MEng

students in their 3

(penultimate) year. The final year’s project for either BEng or MEng

is always a major project however (Asher 2001).

Dr. Whitworth again reported in July 2005, and this time on a more positive note, that:

The external examiner also participated in the evaluation of major design projects. The

examiner was in general impressed with student performance as student groups were well

prepared and projects presented included reasonable design content (Whitworth 2005).

Major Project Manual

It was now encouraging that some changes in the major projects could be yielding results and we

seemed to be moving in the right direction.

After the first cohort of the Bachelor of Engineering students graduated in July 2004, the Degree

programme was submitted to the University Council of Jamaica (UCJ) for accreditation. They

included in their report that:

The team recommends that more design content and open ended problems be introduced

into the major project course so as to make it approach the true model of a capstone design

course. It is also recommended that all background prerequisite and otherwise foundational

courses be offered to the students prior to the start of the final year (UCJ Report 2006).

The report continued by recommending that major projects shift focus to design analysis, feasibility

studies and cost analysis. Although the feasibility approach might not be the universally accepted

way to go with undergraduate student projects, the design and cost analysis are certainly worthy of

consideration. The UCJ continued their extensive study of the Major Projects and submitted a

detailed report as follows:

The inclusion of a final year project is also an element of strength. The main goal is to

provide a capstone platform whereby students synthesize their knowledge acquired in the

previous three years in designing a system or a machine, or otherwise proposing an

engineering solution to a problem of significance in their area of studies and specialization.

This pre-requires that all courses such as Strength of Materials and Engineering Economics,

which provide knowledge essential for the successful completion of such capstone courses,

would have been offered prior to the start of the final year. In the current curriculum, this is

not the case as both of these courses in year 4 of the Plant option while one of them is

offered in year 4 of the production option. These courses should be offered in Year 2 or at

last by Year 3 of the programme.

A close examination of the reports submitted within the framework of Major Project has

revealed that not all of them have enough design content. In fact, the majority appear to lack

any significant design component or content. Essential elements such as comparative design

analysis, feasibility studies and cost analysis are lacking, for the most part. In normal

capstone design courses, designing, building, and possibly testing a machine or a system are

also essential elements and these too were found to be deficient.

The next evaluation the program faced came from ABET in a bid to acquire substantial

equivalency. The consultancy report from the preliminary visit noted that:

The capstone design experience, in many cases, appeared to be research projects. Those

experiences that were design projects lacked realistic experiences such as economics, ethics,

safety, environmental, and etc. The Major Project manual is an excellent tool for structuring

University of Technology, Jamaica

the capstone design projects; however, it lacks direction or guidelines for integrating

realistic constraints into the project. Capstone design, rather than research projects, must be

required for all students and the projects must incorporate appropriate standards and

multiple realistic constraints (ABET 2006).

The issues with Major Projects are now becoming quite evident. The final accrediting body to have

reviewed our major projects is the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). In response

they requested that the students assessed individually to ensure all students would have gained the

relevant project experience, as well as to help to improve the correlation between marks allocated

for examinations and for continuous assessment. One condition for the accreditation of our BEng

students to the CEng level is given as:

Submission and approval of the revised project manual clearly explaining how you intend to

assess the individual contribution to the group project (IET).

Under the IET accreditation, students must successfully complete Major Project on the first sitting

to qualify for CEng status. It is evident from the various observations that Major Projects require an

immediate revision. This update must include the stipulation of design/build projects only, the

inclusion of realistic constraints within the projects, the processing of a financial analysis and the

addressing of contemporary issues as requirements in the project. All this must be achieved while

the students are being assessed on an individual basis facilitated by the reduction of number of

students per project group.

MAJOR PROJECTS AT PRESENT

The current major projects manual was last revised in 2008 and now is available online at

http://www.utechjamaica.edu.jm/Faculties/Eng&Comp/FEC_MajorProjectGuidelines2003.pdf.

Lecturers are presently required to submit project proposal topics that are part of their actual

research or are otherwise of interest to them. Projects ideas can also be submitted by the Major

Projects or Industrial Cell Coordinators, the latter expected to be real-life project from industry.

Students are not allowed to submit their own ideas unless it is done through a supervisor. A list is

generated and posted on the student notice board, from which students select a topic of interest and

form groups based on their interests or discipline. Students then follow the rules for applying for a

project and submit the project application form that is included in the manual.

Major Project Manual

Major Projects require students to do modules in Research Methods and Project Management as

well as Engineering Economics and Management for Engineers. Along with several core courses

they all play important roles in the execution of Major Projects.

Most students opt to conduct feasibility studies as they are still able to exercise their engineering

skills without the headache of building a prototype. Students, in general, enjoy projects as it gives

them a chance to practice engineering and to flex their technical muscles.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The following recommendations are slated for implementation in September 2008. Many of these

plans cannot be officially implemented until the beginning of the school year; however, some of

these ideas can be introduced immediately in the way that supervisors manage major projects. The

following are the recommendations with associated reasons:

1 The number of students should be reduced to two per major project group. This, of

course, will have implications for the funding and management of projects but the

impact might be much less than it appears at first. A project that would normally have

four students can now be split into two groups, each building or studying a different

aspect of the same project. The same supervisor would manage both projects (without

the extra workload) but would be much better able to oversee the individual efforts of

the students. The project report would also not double since instead of marking one

large report, the supervisor would have two smaller ones to grade, again being much

more able to assess the individual efforts of the students. Viva defences would also not

be twice as long as presentation times could be shortened. The viva panel would also

have a much easier task of grading the individual student and no student would be able

to hide behind the efforts of his/her peers.

2 Split Major projects into two subjects of three credits each (PRJ4023 and PRJ4024).

This means an overall increase in credits to six, more deserving of the amount of work

expected from the students. PRJ4023 would be done in semester one would become the

prerequisite for PRJ4024. Students cannot take PRJ4024 if they fail PRJ3004. Project in

semester one ends with the Mini Viva and Project proposal. Marks for these would no

longer be a part of the final semester project and that leaves more leeway for grading

individual effort, the prototype, the report and the Final Viva. Final projects can be

arranged for the summer for those students who fail to pass PRJ3004 in semester one.

The most important gain here is that students would have completed the proposals,

University of Technology, Jamaica

preliminary designs and costing before they get to their final project PRJ4004 allowing

for much better time management.

3 Allow multiple student groups to work on the same project. The supervisor (or

proposer of the project) can outline different approaches to the solution of the project

and each solution becomes a student project (two students). Collaboration between

groups could be allowed as this will not prevent the students from doing individual

work. It would teach students how to handle group meetings (across discipline as well)

and encourage open information sharing which is an expected part of industry life and

an excellent way to enhance an organization’s technology base. The scope of work,

however, must show some differentiation between the student groups.

4 All projects must be design/build (PRJ4004). The marking scheme would focus on the

prototype, the engineering analysis, the final presentations and the final report.

5 Project topics/ideas must be submitted with the seriousness of examinations and can

come from any source. Efforts should be made to solicit real-life problems from

industry and a coordinator should be assigned to this task (may be the same person

handling student work experience placements). It is the responsibility of the supervisor

to ensure that the final project be properly defined to adequately cover prototype quality,

engineering content and cost analysis. Project topics must be fully thought out and made

available to the students by the summer before their project year. In this way the

students will have adequate time to plan.

6 Students must be registered in a project by the middle of semester one. Students who

do not have a project by week six of semester one of their final year will be removed

from the course and be required to take major projects in the following year.

7 All reports must be submitted on strict deadlines, proofread, marked and edited by the

supervisor before the final viva. An edited draft must be made available for the viva

and the final bound copies submitted within a set timeframe free of all technical,

formatting and grammatical errors.

8 Merge Research Methods (RES3005) with Semester one Major Projects (PRJ3004).

Many of the concepts expressed in Research Methods will be covered in the semester

one Major Projects. The redundancy in unnecessary.

9 Assign projects to supervisors and require the same rigors of their timetabled classes

and final examinations. In this way the importance of major projects is preserved and

the management and supervision of projects will be enhanced. Many times when

students fail to perform in their projects is because of a lack of supervision stemming

from a supervisor’s lack of interest in project work. This usually occurs when lecturers

are overworked and feel the projects are a chore and unrewarding. To address this issue,

lecturers should be given an hour on their timetables for each of their research project

(in this case, a project can consist of two or three different student groups).

Major Project Manual

10 Require the final project report to clearly define components such as design

comparisons, project limitations, technical and economical analysis, contemporary

issues addressed and scope for further work. A marking scheme will be provided for the

project report which will clearly allocate marks for these issues.

11 Award separate marks for the prototype. Currently, prototype marks are part of the

final report marks. This will now be marked as a separate entity and a marking scheme

provided. Individual student effort can also be noted at this point and marks awarded

individually.

12 Financial expenditures for projects should only be for the prototype: The present

method of funds disbursement for projects allows no control of how funds are actually

spent and students are not held responsible for cash received. This is unacceptable if

students are to learn accountability and financial control.

13 Project Management must be an integral part of major projects: Engineering students

learn project management and major projects are an excellent way for them to exercise

their skills. Furthermore, this is a skill that the students will need for their careers in

engineering.

14 Supervisors are not allowed to participate in the viva presentations: No assistance

must be given to students during their examinations as this will jeopardize the student’s

marks. If supervisors interfere with the student’s presentation in any way, it will

constitute cheating and lead to the students’ disqualification. If supervisors interfere

during the viva, the students’ evaluation sheets will not be collected and the students

will get zero for their presentation.

15 Supervisors must formally meet with their groups at least 4 times per year: Records of

their (minimum) 4 meetings must be submitted before they enter the continuous

assessment grades. Without this proof such grades are invalid. Coursework marks

cannot be totally subjective and participation in the meetings is a part of the criteria.

University of Technology, Jamaica

NOTES

Major Project Manual

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA

Declaration of Authorship

FACULTY:_____________________________________________________________________

School/Department: ______________________________________________________________

Course Code & Title: _____________________________________________________________

Submitted To:___________________________________________________________________

(Project Supervisor)

Submitted By: ___________________________________________________________________

Student’s name

__________________________________________________________________________________________

ID Number

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Address

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Contact telephone numbers (home, work, cell)

Date of Submission: _____________________________________________________________

Title of Assignment: _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

*******************************************************************************

Declaration: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully

acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited all sources from which I used visuals, data, ideas or words,

either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. I

also understand that a grade will not be assigned without the submission of this agreement.

Student’s Signature:_____________________________________________________________

********************************************************************************

Lecturer’s/Supervisor’s Grade for Assignment: _______________________________________

Lecturer’s/Supervisor’s Comments: ________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Note: For group assignments each student is required to complete a separate Declaration of

Authorship form.

Ref: Regulation 5: Conditions and Procedures

Governing Student Academic Misconduct

Division of Student Services & Registry

Ac. Brd. Sept 23, 2004

University of Technology, Jamaica

Major Project Manual

PROJECT DELIVERABLES DUE DATE

Major/Senior Project

Deliverables

Date Due Check Comments/Responsible

Semester 1

Project Application Week 3

Meeting 1 Report

Project Proposal Week 4

Budget Week 4

Meeting 2 Report

Semester 2

Mini Viva Week 2

Meeting 3 Report

Prototype Week 10

Meeting 4 Report

Draft Report Week 14

Final Reports (2) Week 17

Electronic Archive Week 17

Expenditure Receipts Week 17

Final Viva Week 19

University of Technology, Jamaica

Major Project Manual

“The lessons you learn about project management are more important than the

subject matter you are researching.”

“The spirit of your relationship with your supervisor and your peers should be one of

collaboration. Work together.”

“Be brief, concise and to the point.”

“Be accurate.”

Printed by: Island Graphic Printers Ltd.

Telephone: (876) 925-1781. Email: islandgraf@cwjamaica.com