!"#$%&'(&)$$%$&!*(+&,-(.(&
!
/0012$3&
&
4$*%56"73&
.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<&
/6$&.*$8$7&47"="&
>?@?&AB$%;6C;&D;*$$;&
4B17"-$7EB1"+&4F&?G?H@&
/0012$3&IJ?KL&MGKNJ?KO&
P"83&IJ?KL&MGKNHGQJ&
R1#*$$%$S-*$8$7($-C&
&
J>G&D;*";05*-&47"2$&
T"-1%56&U$1VB;%+&WF&J@KOJ&
*$$%$%E5*;%S<"B55(25#&
&
&
,.9AF'X/Y&
!
.52;5*&50&,-C2";156&I,-(.(L&
961:$*%1;<&50&Y5*;B$*6&A575*"-5+&Z*$$7$<+&A/&I?GGGL&
Specialization:&DE5*;&F-#161%;*";156&
Dissertation:&F&A5#E*$B$6%1:$&D1#C7";156&05*&'12[$;&4*1216V&16&4*50$%%156"7&P55;\"77&
Dissertation0Advisor:0.*(&.":1-&D;5;7"*0
&
T"%;$*&50&D21$62$&IT(D(L&
Z$5*V1"&D5C;B$*6&961:$*%1;<+&D;";$%\5*5+&ZF&I?GGKL&
Specialization:&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&
&
]"2B$75*&50&F*;%&I](F(L&
D;(&F6-*$^%&4*$%\<;$*1"6&A577$V$+&_"C*16\C*V+&YA&I?GMML&
Major:&]C%16$%%&"6-&,2565#12%&
/#12*56&.$7;"&,E%1756NX6;$*6";156"7&U565*&D521$;<&16&,2565#12%&
&
4)/P,DDX/YF_&,`4,)X,YA,&a&UXZU,)&,.9AF'X/Y&
!
D$E;(&JH?JN4*$%$6;&
F%%521";$&4*50$%%5*N.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<&
!
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&'$"2B16V&27"%%$%&16&;B$&C6-$*V*"-C";$&"6-&
V*"-C";$&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&E*5V*"#%+&\5;B&*$%1-$6;1"7&"6-&56716$b&
%2B57"*7<&"2;1:1;1$%b&"6-&E*50$%%156"7+&C61:$*%1;<&"6-&25##C61;<&
%$*:12$(!
!
&
!"6(&JH?JNFCV(&JH?J&
F-RC62;&4*50$%%5*N_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<&
!
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3!'$"2B16V&27"%%$%&16&;B$&56716$&V*"-C";$&DE5*;&
T"6"V$#$6;&E*5V*"#(&!
!
&
T"<&JH??N!"6(&JH?J&
F%%521";$&4*50$%%5*N_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<&
!
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&'$"2B16V&27"%%$%&16&;B$&C6-$*V*"-C";$&"6-&
V*"-C";$&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&E*5V*"#%&I*$%1-$6;1"7&"6-&56716$Lb&
%2B57"*7<&"2;1:1;1$%b&"6-&E*50$%%156"7+&C61:$*%1;<&"6-&25##C61;<&
%$*:12$(&
!
&
!C7<&JH?HN!C6$&JH??&
F%%521";$&4*50$%%5*cZ*"-C";$&.1*$2;5*N_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<&
!
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&D$*:16V&"%&Z*"-C";$&.1*$2;5*&50&;B$&.$E"*;#$6;&50&
DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&05*&;B$&*$%1-$6;1"7&"6-&56716$&E*5V*"#%b&
;$"2B16V&27"%%$%&16&;B$&C6-$*V*"-C";$&"6-&V*"-C";$&DE5*;&
T"6"V$#$6;&E*5V*"#%+&\5;B&*$%1-$6;1"7&"6-&56716$b&%2B57"*7<&
"2;1:1;1$%b&"6-&E*50$%%156"7+&C61:$*%1;<&"6-&25##C61;<&%$*:12$(&
!
&
!"6(&JH?HN!C6$&JH?H&
F%%521";$&4*50$%%5*ND9Yd&A5*;7"6-&I'$6C*$-L&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&F2;1:$7<&^5*[16V&^1;B&B$&-$E"*;#$6;&;5&;*"16&"6-&
;*"6%1;156&;5&;B$&6$^&V*"-C";$&255*-16";5*&"0;$*&"665C6216V&#<&
*$%1V6";156&;5&"22$E;&"&E5%1;156&";& _1\ $*;<&961:$*%1;<b&;$"2B16V&
27"%%$%&16&;B$&C6-$*V*"-C";$&"6-&V*"-C";$&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&
E*5V*"#%+&\5;B&*$%1-$6;1"7&"6-&56716$b&%2B57"*7<&"2;1:1;1$%b&"6-&
E*50$%%156"7+&C61:$*%1;<&"6-&25##C61;<&%$*:12$(!
!
!
FCV(&JHHQN.$2(&JHHG&
F%%521";$&4*50$%%5*cZ*"-C";$&A55*-16";5*ND9Yd&A5*;7"6-&
I'$6C*$-L&
!
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&D$*:16V&"%&Z*"-C";$&A55*-16";5*&50&;B$&DE5*;&
T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&05*&;B$&*$%1-$6;1"7+&$8$2C;1:$&56716$+&
16;$*6";156"7+&"6-&16;$*6";156"7&-C"7&-$V*$$&E*5V*"#%b&;$"2B16V&
27"%%$%&16&;B$&C6-$*V*"-C";$&"6-&V*"-C";$&E*5V*"#%b&%2B57"*7<&
"2;1:1;1$%b&"6-&E*50$%%156"7+&C61:$*%1;<&"6-&25##C61;<&%$*:12$(&
!
&
D$E(&JHHKNT"<&JHHQ&
F%%521";$&4*50$%%5*c96-$*V*"-C";$&A55*-16";5*cX6;$*6%B1E&
A55*-16";5*N/B15&961:$*%1;<&I'$6C*$-L&
!
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&D$*:16V&"%&96-$*V*"-C";$&A55*-16";5*&50&;B$&DE5*;&
T"6"V$#$6;&E*5V*"#b&%$*:16V&"%&X6;$*6%B1E&A55*-16";5*&05*&;B$&
C6-$*V*"-C";$&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&E*5V*"#b&%$*:16V&"%&"6&F%%521";$&
.1*$2;5*&50&;B$&D"7$%&A$6;*$&16&;B$&A577$V$&50& ] C%16$%%&IJHHQLb&
;$"2B16V&27"%%$%&16&;B$&C6-$*V*"-C";$&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&E*5V*"#+&
;B$&V*"-C";$&A5"2B16V&,-C2";156&E*5V*"#+&"6-&;B$&V*"-C";$&56716$&
F;B7$;12&F-#161%;*";156&E*5V*"#b&%2B57"*7<&"2;1:1;1$%b&"6-&
E*50$%%156"7+&C61:$*%1;<&"6-&25##C61;<&%$*:12$(!
!
&
D$E(&?GGGNT"<&JHHK&
F%%1%;"6;&4*50$%%5*cX6;$*6%B1E&A55*-16";5*N/B15&961:$*%1;<&
!
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&X6;$*6%B1E&A55*-16";5*&50&;B$&C6-$*V*"-C";$&DE5*;&
T"6"V$#$6;&E*5V*"#b&;$"2B16V&27"%%$%&16&;B$&C6-$*V*"-C";$&DE5*;&
T"6"V$#$6;&4*5V*"#+&;B$&V*"-C";$&A5"2B16V&,-C2";156&E*5V*"#+&
;B$&V*"-C";$&56716$&F;B7$;12&F-#161%;*";156&E*5V*"#+&"6-&;B$&
V*"-C";$&DE5*;%&F-#161%;*";156&e&P"2171;<&T"6"V$#$6;&E*5V*"#b&
"6-&E*50$%%156"7+&C61:$*%1;<&"6-&25##C61;<&%$*:12$(&
!
&
P"77&?GGQ&
Z*"-C";$&'$"2B16V&F%%1%;"6;N961:$*%1;<&50&Y5*;B$*6&A575*"-5&
!
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&'$"2B16V&C6-$*V*"-C";$&"2;1:1;<&27"%%$%&16&;B$&
.$E"*;#$6;&50&f16$%1575V<&"6-&4B<%12"7&,-C2";156(&Classes0taught:&
]"%[$;\"77(&
!
&
D$E(&?GG@NT"<&?GGQ&
Z*"-C";$&'$"2B16V&F%%1%;"6;NZ$5*V1"&D5C;B$*6&961:$*%1;<&
!
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&A*$";16V&"6-&1#E7$#$6;16V&gC"*;$*7<&C61;&E7"6%&
"6-&-"17<&7$%%56&E7"6%b&16%;*C2;16V&"6-&$:"7C";16V&"EE*581#";$7<&
JHH&C6-$*V*"-C";$&%;C-$6;%&E$*&gC"*;$*b&256-C2;16V&%[ 17 7&"6-&
^*1;;$6&$8"#%(&Classes0taught:0]"%[$;\"77+&\5^716V+&07"V&055;\"77+&
\$V16616V&"6-&"-:"62$-&;$661%+&"6-&^$1VB;&;*"1616V(&
&
4)/P,DDX/YF_&,`4,)X,YA,&a&D4/)'&XY.9D')d&
&
FE*17NT"<&JHHG&
.1*$2;5*&50&'*"1616V&A"#E&/E$*";156%NY$^&d5*[&!$;%&'*"1616V&A"#E&
!
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&D$*:16V&"%&;B$&E*1#"*<&E516;&50&256;"2;&56&\$B"70&50&
D9Yd&A5*;7"6-&^1;B&;B$&Y$^&d5*[&!$;%&05*&;*"1616V&2"#E&B$7-&16&
A5*;7"6-+&Yd(&F%%1%;16V&^1;B&;B$&E7"6616V&"6-&$8$2C;156&50&"77&
;*"1616V&2"#E&*$%E56%1\171;1$%&1627C-16V&5*V"61=16V+&%;"0016V+&2*5^-&
256;*57+&%$2C*1;<+&%E56%5*%B1E+&#"*[$;16V+&$:$6;&#"6"V$#$6;&"6-&
B5%E1;"71;<(!
!
!
JHH?N4*$%$6;&
4*$%1-$6;N),,D,D4/)'D+&__A&&
!
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&'*"1616V&271$6;%&"6-&E*5:1-16V&*$25##$6-";156%&
05*&1#E*5:$#$6;&56&;12[$;&50012$&0C62;156%&%C2B&"%&016"621"7%&"6-&
*$E5*;16V+&%$";&1#E*5:$#$6;%+&;*"6%0$*%+&^177&2"77+&%;"-1C#&
*$752";156+&%;"-1C#&*$%$";16V+&;12[$;&%"7$%+&"6-&2C%;5#$*&%$*:12$(&
)$2$6;&271$6;%3&961;$-&P55;\"77&_$"VC$c'C*6%;<7$%&'12[$;16V&IJHHGLb&
D9Yd&d5C;B&DE5*;%&X6%;1;C;$&IQcHGLb&961:$*%1;<&50&Y$\*"%["&";&
/#"B"&F;B7$;12%&I?JcHOLb&AC*\&FV"R"61"6&T5;5*%E5*;%&IJHH>N
JHH@Lb&!1#&.":1%&4*5-C2;156%&IJHHJNJHH>L(!
!
&
JHH@NJHHK&
DE56%5*%B1E&A56%C7;"6;NT5;5*%E5*;%&T"6"V$#$6;&X6;$*6";156"7+&
&
X62(cAC*\NFV"R"61"6&T5;5*%E5*;%&
!
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&D$7716V&"6-&6$V5;1";16V&6";156"7&%E56%5*%B1E&
256;*"2;%&05*&"&*"2$&;$"#&;B";&25#E$;$-&16&;B$&YFDAF)&]C%2B&D$*1$%&
"6-&;B$&A*"0;%#"6&'*C2[&D$*1$%(&
!
!
JHHJNJHH>&
W12$&4*$%1-$6;NXPDFc9DF&IX6;$*6";156"7&P$-$*";156&50&D;*$6V;B&
F;B7$;$%L&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&A*$";16V&%E56%5*%B1E&E*5E5%"7%&"6-&#"*[$;16V&
E7"6%b&%$7716V&6";156"7&%E56%5*%B1Eb&6$V5;1";16V&"6-&$8$2C;16V&
256;*"2;%&^1;B&";B7$;$%+&E*5#5;$*%+&%E56%5*%+&:$6-5*%+&"6-&
6$;^5*[%b&^5*[16V&^1;B&;B$&;1;7$&%E56%5*&;5&$6%C*$&%";1%0"2;156b&
2*$";16V&"6-&#"6"V16V&"&6";156"7&%25*16V&%<%;$#b&*$%$"*2B16V&"6-&
1#E7$#$6;16V&"&6";156"7&-*CV&;$%;16V&E*5V*"#+&"6-&25#E*$B$6%1:$&
"-#161%;*";1:$&-C;1$%(&
&
&
JHHHNJHHJ&
.1*$2;5*&"6-&4*5#5;$*N/B15&W"77$<&D;*56V#"6&A56;$%;&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&)$%E56%1\171;<&05*&"77&"%E$2;%&50&;B$&$:$6;&1627C-16V&
%$7716V&"6-&6$V5;1";16V&752"7&%E56%5*%B1Eb&%;"0016Vb&EC *2B" %16Vb&
*$2*C1;16V&";B7$;$%b&E*16;16Vb&"6-&"77&"-#161%;*";1:$&"6-&75V1%;12"7&
1%%C$%(&
&
&
JHHHNJHHJ&
DE56%5*%B1E&A55*-16";5*N/B15&961:$*%1;<&U52[$<&'$"#&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&D$7716V&"6-&255*-16";16V&%E56%5*%B1E&%"7$%+&"6-&
6$V5;1";16V&$gC1E#$6;&EC*2B"%$%&^1;B&#"6C0"2;C*$*%(&
&
&
h16;$*&JHHH&
,:$6;&A55*-16";5*NTFA&h5#$6i%&D^1##16V&e&.1:16V&
AB"#E156%B1E%&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&D$7716V&$:$6;&%E56%5*%B1E+&"-#161%;*";1:$&-C;1$%+&
%;"0016V+&"6-&"77&"%%521";$-&0"2171;<&"6-&$:$6;& 7 5V1%;12%(&
&
&
P"77&?GGG&
P55;\"77&Z"#$&T"6"V$#$6;&F%%1%;"6;N/B15&F;B7$;12%&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&F%%1%;16V&^1;B&;B$&%$2C*1;<&"6-&0"2171;<&E*$E"*";156&
50&B5#$&055;\"77&V"#$%(&
&
&
?GGQN?GGG&
'12[$;&F%%1%;"6;N.$6:$*&]*5625%&P55;\"77&A7C\&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&T"6"V$#$6;&50&-CE712";$&;12[$;%&1627C-16V&;B$&
E*16;16V+&-1%;*1\C;156+&"6-&016"621"7&#"6"V$#$6;&"%%521";$-&^1;B&
*$E7"216V&;12[$;%b&#"6"V$#$6;&50&%$"%56&;12[$;&;*"6%0$*%&1627C-16V&
;B$&5*V"61=";156&50&*$25*-%+&016"621"7&#"6"V$#$6;+&"6-&
"-#161%;*";1:$&-C;1$%&*$gC1*$-&;5&;*"6%0$*&%$";&752";156%b&
#"6"V$#$6;&50&%$";&*$752";156&*$gC$%;%&^B12B&1627C-$-&;B$&
*$752";156&*$gC$%;%&50&J>+HHH&%$"%56&;12[$;&"225C6;%&*$E *$%$6; 16V&
"EE*581#";$7<&O?+HHH&%$";%b&71;1V";156&*$%$"*2Bb&"%%1%;$-&^1;B&;B$&
;12[$;16V+&75V1%;12%+&"6-&$8$2C;156&50&DCE$*&]5^7%&```XX&"6-&```XXXb&
5*-$*16V&"6-&16:$6;5*<&#"6"V$#$6;&50&50012$&E*5-C2;%&"6-&
%CEE71$%b&*$%$"*2B&"6-&"%%1%;"62$&^1;B&6$^&%;"-1C#&;12[$;&E*1216Vb&
;B$&%2*$$616V&"6-&16;$*:1$^16V&50&E*5%E$2;1:$&$#E75<$$%b&
#"6"V$#$6;&"6-&E"*;121E";156&16&;B$&%$"%56&;12[$;&%"7$%&E*5V*"#b&
;B$&-$%1V6&"6-&1#E7$#$6;";156&50&05*#%&"6-&-52C#$6;%b&\17716V&50&
%$"%56&;12[$;&"225C6;%b&#"6"V$#$6;&50&%;"-1C#&1621-$6;&*$E5*;%b&
"-#161%;*";1:$&;"%[%+&2C%;5#$*&%$*:12$+&16:$6;5*<&256;*57&50&712$6%$-&
#$*2B"6-1%$+&"6-&;*5C\7$%B55;16V(&
&
&
?GGQN?GGO&
F;B7$;12&Z"#$&T"6"V$#$6;&F%%1%;"6;N961:$*%1;<&50&Y5*;B$*6&
A575*"-5&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&,:$6;&%CE$*:1%156&50&0"77&"6-&%E*16V&%E5*;%+&
E*$E"*";156&"6-&27$"6&CE&50&:$6C$%+&;12[$;16V+&500121";16V&"6-&
%$2C*1;<(&
&
&
DC##$*&?GGQ&
T"*[$;16V&e&P"2171;1$%&F%%1%;"6;NZ$5*V1"&D5C;B$*6&961:$*%1;<&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&D$7716V&%$"%56&;12[$;&E"2["V$%&05*&;B$&055;\"77&
E*5V*"#b&%$7716V&"-:$*;1%$#$6;%&05*&;B$&055;\"77&V"#$&E*5V*"#b&
"%%1%;16V&^1;B&%E56%5*%B1E&%"7$%&1627C-16V&;B$&%"7$&50&%25*$\5"*-&
"6-&%;"-1C#&"-:$*;1%16Vb&"6-&"%%1%;16V&^1;B&;B$&-$:$75E#$6;&50&
$:$6;&E*5#5;156%(&
&
&
P"77&?GGK&
X6;$*6NZ$5*V1"&D5C;B$*6&961:$*%1;<&F;B7$;12&A5#E71"62$&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&4*$E"*16V&"&25#E*$B$6%1:$&%;C-<&05*&;B$&P"2C7;<&
F;B7$;12%&A5##1;;$$&-$;"1716V&;B$&1#E7$#$6;";156&50&"&E*50$%%156"7&
%E5*;%&25C6%$716V&E"6$7&05*&%;C-$6;N";B7$;$%b&E*$%$6;16V&25#E71"62$&
1%%C$%&"6-&#561;5*16V&;B$&"2"-$#12&E*5V*$%%&50&%;C-$6;N&";B7$;$%(&
&
&
?GG@N?GGQ&
F;B7$;12&Z"#$&T"6"V$#$6;&F%%1%;"6;NZ$5*V1"&D5C;B$*6&961:$*%1;<&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&,:$6;&%CE$*:1%156&50&0"77&"6-&^16;$*&%E5*;%+&
E*$E"*";156&"6-&27$"6&CE&50&:$6C$%+&;12[$;&5E$*";156%+&500121";16V+&
%$2C*1;<+&"6-&$:$6;&E*5#5;156%(!
&
&
?GG@N?GGQ&
4$*%56"7&'*"16$*NZ57-i%&Z<#+&D;";$%\5*5+&Z$5*V1"&&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&T$#\$*%B1E&%"7$%+&;*"1616V&271$6;%+&2*$";16V&
16-1:1-C"7&^5*[5C;&*5C;16$%&"6-&$gC1E#$6;&#"16;$6"62$(&
&
4)/P,DDX/YF_&,`4,)X,YA,&a&A/FAUXYZ&
&
P"77&?GGQ&&
F%%1%;"6;&T$6i%ch5#$6i%&'$661%&A5"2BN961:$*%1;<&50&Y5*;B$*6&
A575*"-5&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&A5"2B16V+&%;*$6V;B&"6-&256-1;15616V+&*$2*C1;16V+&
%$*:12$+&"6-&"-#161%;*";1:$&-C;1$%&05*&;B$&#$6j%&"6-&^5#$6j%&;$661%&
E*5V*"#%(&
&
&
?GGKN?GGQ&
F%%1%;"6;&T$6i%ch5#$6i%&'$661%&A5"2BNZ$5*V1"&D5C;B$*6&
961:$*%1;<&
&
)$%E56%1\171;1$%3&F77&"%E$2;%&50&;$"#&5E$*";156%&1627C-16V&25"2B16V+&
*$2*C1;16V+&\C-V$;16V+&%2B$-C716V+&256-1;15616V+&"6-&;$661%&2"#E%(!
&
),D,F)AU&F),FD&/P&XY',),D'&
!
'12[$;&5E$*";156%&"6-&;12[$;&%"7$%+&$;B12%+&"6-&$:$6;&5E$*";156%(!
&
& &
49]_XAF'X/YDk0
k47$"%$&%$$&[$<&25-$&";&$6-&50&-52C#$6;&
&
D5C;B"77+&)(&T(+&Y"V$7+&T(&D(+&D5C;B"77+&.(&!(+&F##56+&)(&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?KL(&F&E*"2;12"7&
;B$5*$;12"7&#5-$7&05*&;$"2B16V&%E5*;N$:$6;&#"6"V$#$6;(&!5C*6"7&50&
f16$%1575V<&"6-&h$776$%%+&@(&F:"17"\7$&";&B;;E3cc^%[^(5*Vc65-$c?G>J&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&.5--%+&T(&F(&IJH?KL(&_$;j%&B$*$&1;&05*&;B$&B5#$&;$"#3&Williams0v.0
National0Football0League0CEB57-%&V$5V*"EB12&;12[$;&%"7$%&\"6(&Sport0
Marketing0Quarterly+&JJI@L+&EE(&?>@N?>Q(&
&
.5--%+&T(&F(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&I,-%(L(&IJH?KL(&Sports0leadership:0A0concise0reference0guide(&
'B5C%"6-&/"[%+&AF3&D"V$&4C\712";156%(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?KL(&'12[$;&5E$*";156%(&X6&T(&F(&.5--%&e&!(&'(&)$$%$&I,-%(L+&Sports0
leadership:0A0concise0reference0guide0IEE(&JKKNJKOL(&'B5C%"6-&/"[%+&AF3&D"V$&
4C\712";156%(&&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?KL(&'12[$;&%"7$%&a&-1*$2;(&X6&T(&F(&.5--%&e&!(&'(&)$$%$&I,-%(L+&Sports0
leadership:0A0concise0reference0guide0IEE(&JKONJKGL(&'B5C%"6-&/"[%+&AF3&D"V$&
4C\712";156%(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?@L(&/00&;B$&E*$%%&I)$:1$^&50&;B$&\55[&In the Best Interests of Baseball:
Governing the National Pastime+&\<&F6-*$^&l1#\"71%;L(&Journal0of0Sport0
Management+&JM+&EE(&KMMNKMG(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&.5--%+&T(&F(+&D5C;B"77+&)(&T(+&e&U$1%$<+&f(&A(&IJH?@+&.$2$#\$*&GL(&
,605*216V&27C\&%$";&256;*"2;%&16&E*50$%%156"7&%E5*;%(&Case0Studies0in0Sport0
Management,0>IML+&?N?K(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?@+&DE*16VL(&X-$6;10<16V&96-";$-&'12[$;&D;C\%3&F6&F;;$#E;&;5&
)$2"E;C*$&]"%$\"77&U1%;5*<(&Baseball0Research0Journal+&@>I?L+&EE(&@?N@O(&
&
.5--%+&T(F(+&)$$%$+&!('(+&e&D2B5$E0$*N]52B122B15+&f(&IJH?>+&D$E;$#\$*L(&F*$&;12[$;&
75;;$*1$%&0"1*&V"#$m&Z$5*V$&:%(&;B$&YAFF&%$;%&;B$&%;"6-"*-(&Sport0Marketing0
Quarterly,0JJI>L+&EE(&?M?N?M>(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&.5--%+&T(&F(+&]C*2B$;;$+&](&T(+&_C;=+&!(&4(&IJH?>+&T"<&GL(&D$7716V&;5&:1%1;16V&
0"6%&";&;B$&$8E$6%$&50&B5#$&01$7-&"-:"6;"V$(&Case0Studies0in0Sport0
Management+&JI>L+&?NQ(&&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&I,-(L&IJH?>L(&Ticket0operations0and0sales0management0in0sport(&
T5*V"6;5^6+&hW3&P1;6$%%&X605*#";156&'$2B6575V<(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&'B5#"%+&.(&IJH?>L(&'12[$;&5E$*";156%&B1%;5*<&"6-&\"2[V*5C6-(&X6&!(&
)$$%$&I,-(L+&'12[$;&5E$*";156%&"6-&%"7$%&#"6"V$#$6;&16&%E5*;&(pp. 1-10)(&
T5*V"6;5^6+&hW3&P1;6$%%&X605*#";156&'$2B6575V<(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&.":1%+&.(+&!"25\%+&f(+&e&)5:"[+&.(&IJH?>L(&'12[$;16V&;$2B6575V<(&X6&!(&)$$%$&
I,-(L+&'12[$;&5E$*";156%&"6-&%"7$%&#"6"V$#$6;&16&%E5*;&(pp. 11-21)(&
T5*V"6;5^6+&hW3&P1;6$%%&X605*#";156&'$2B6575V<(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?>L(&4*15*1;<&%<%;$#%(&X6&!(&)$$%$&I,-(L+&'12[$;&5E$*";156%&"6-&%"7$%&
#"6"V$#$6;&16&%E5*;&(pp. 33-45)(&T5*V"6;5^6+&hW3&P1;6$%%&X605*#";156&
'$2B6575V<(&
&
U$1%$<+&f(&A(&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?>L(&'12[$;&E *1216V(&X6&!(&)$$%$&I,-(L+&'12[$;&5E$*";156%&
"6-&%"7$%&#"6"V$#$6;&16&%E5*;&(pp. 47-57)(&T5*V"6;5^6+&hW3&P1;6$%%&
X605*#";156&'$2B6575V<(&
&
T"*;16+&W(&_(&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?>L(&X6;$*6%B1E%&"6-&R5\&E*$E"*";156(&X6&!(&)$$%$&I,-(L+&
'12[$;&5E$*";156%&"6-&%"7$%&#"6"V$#$6;&16&%E5*;&(pp. 139-155)(&T5*V"6;5^6+&
hW3&P1;6$%%&X605*#";156&'$2B6575V<(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&T"*;16+&W(&_(&IJH?>L(&Y$;^5*[16V&"6-&%$2C*16V&"&R5\&16&;12[$;&
5E$*";156%&5*&;12[$;&%"7$%(&X6&!(&)$$%$&I,-(L+&'12[$;&5E$*";156%&"6-&%"7$%&
#"6"V$#$6;&16&%E5*;&(pp. 157-168)(&T5*V"6;5^6+&hW3&P1;6$%%&X605*#";156&
'$2B6575V<(&
&
F#5%+&A(&T(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH??L(&X621-$6;&*$E5*;16V(&Encyclopedia0of0Sports0
Management0and0Marketing+&J+&QQONQQG(&'B5C%"6-&/"[%+&AF3&DFZ,&
4C\712";156%+&X62(&
&
F#5%+&A(&T(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH??L(&W"7C$N16N[16-&IWXfL(&Encyclopedia0of0Sports0
Management0and0Marketing+&@+&?Q?GN?QJ?(&'B5C%"6-&/"[%+&AF3&DFZ,&
4C\712";156%+&X62(&
&
!5B6%56+&'(&P(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH??L(&X#E*$%%156%(&Encyclopedia0of0Sports0Management0
and0Marketing+&J+&QQ@NQQK(&'B5C%"6-&/"[%+&AF3&DFZ,&4C\712";156%+&X62(&
&
!5B6%56+&'(&P(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH??L(&'12[$; & 0*"C-(&Encyclopedia0of0Sports0Management0
and0Marketing+&@+&?K@GN?KK?(&'B5C%"6-&/"[%+&AF3&DFZ,&4C\712";156%+&X62(&
&
!5B6%56+&'(&P(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH??L(&'12[$; 16 V&IE"2["V16V+&gC"6;1;<+&*$N%$7716V+&%"7$%L(&
Encyclopedia0of0Sports0Management0and0Marketing+&@+&?KKQN?KKG(&'B5C%"6-&
/"[%+&AF3&DFZ,&4C\712";156%+&X62(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH??+&!"6C"*<L(&/00&;B$&E*$%%&I)$:1$^&50&;B$&\55[&A5C6;$*0$1;&"#";$C*%3&
F6&";B7$;$i%&R5C*6$<&;B*5CVB&;B$&%18;1$%&;5&;B$&"V$&50&"2"-$#12&2"E1;"71%#+&\<&
F(_(&D"2[L(&Journal0of0Sport0Management+&JKI?L+&EE(&M@NMK(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&.5--%+&T(&F(+&e&D6<-$*+&.(&_(&IJHHGL(&P"6%&"EE7<&0C77N25C*;&E*$%%&5:$*&
*$%$";16V&E5712<(&College0Athletics0and0the0Law+&QIML+&EE(&O(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHM+&.$2$#\$*&ML(&DE5*;%&5*V"61=";156%&^"6;&;5&[65^&10&<5Cj:$&V5;&
E$*%56"71;<(&SportsBusiness0Journal+&??I>JL+&EE(&JH(&
0
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHM+&P$\*C"*<&@N?HL(&_16[16V&%$"%56&;12[$;%&;5&"66C"7&V1:16V&2"6&"--&;5&
\5;;5#&716$(&SportsBusiness0Journal+&?HI@HL+&EE(?>(&
&
D;"C*5^%[<+&,(&!(+&_"^*$62$+&U(&!(+&4"C7$+&F(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHOL(&'*":$7$*%&56&;B$&
'1;7$&X`&A5#E71"62$&U1VB^"<3&U5^&F*$&/B15j%&A577$V$%&e&961:$*%1;1$%&P"*16Vm&
Women0in0Sport0and0Physical0Activity0Journal+&?KI@L+&@QNMJ(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHO+&D$E;$#\$*&?HN?QL(&4*5V*"#&256:162$%&%;C-$6;%&;B";&";;$6-"62$&
B"%&1;%&*$^"*-%(&SportsBusiness0Journal+&?HIJHL+&EE(?@(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&T5\$*V+&A(&)(&IJHHO+&P"77L(&F6&$8E75*";5*<&%;C-<&50&;B$&2577$V$&
;*"6%E7"6;&0"6(&The0SMART0Journal+&@I?L+&JON@Q(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&D6<-$*+&.(&_(&IJHHKL(&_$V"7&1#E712";156%&50&*$%$7716V&;12[$;%&"\5:$&0"2$&
:"7C$(&Sport0Marketing0Quarterly+&?@IJL+&?J>N?J@(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&Y"V$7+&T(&D(+&e&D5C;B"77+&)(&T(&IJHH@L(&Y";156"7&P55;\"77&_$"VC$&;12[$;&
;*"6%0$*&E57121$%3&_$V"7&"6-&E5712<&1%%C$%(&Journal0of0Legal0Aspects0of0Sport+&
?@IJL+&?Q>N?GH(&&&&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH@L(&'12[$;&5E$*";156%&16&"&E*50$%%156"7&%E5*;%&;$"#&%$;;16V(&X6&9(&
T2T"B56N&]$";;1$&"6-&X(&d$5#"6&I,-%(L+&Sport0and0leisure0operations0
management&IEE(&?QON?OGL+&_56-563&'B5#%56&_$"*616V(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&Y"V$7+&T(&D(+&e&D5C;B"77+&)(&T(&IJHH>L(&T"*[$;16V&1#E712";156%&50&;12[$;&
;*"6%0$*%&16&;B$&Y";156"7&P55;\"77&_$"VC$(&Sport0Marketing0Quarterly+&?JI@L+&
JK@NJKK(&
&
D5C;B"77+&)(&T(+&Y"V$7+&T(&D(+&]";1%;"+&4(&!(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH>+&DE*16VcDC##$*L(&'B$&
]5"*-&50&)$V$6;%&50&;B$&961:$*%1;<&50&T166$%5;"&:(&U"%[16%3&'B$&961:$*%1;<&50&
T166$%5;"&T$6j%&]"%[$;\"77&"2"-$#12&%2"6-"7(&Journal0of0Legal0Aspects0of0
Sport+&?>IJL+&?J?N?@>(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH>+&.$2$#\$*L&/67<&;B$&%;*56V&%C*:1:$3&T$$;&;B$&";B7$;$%&^B5&;55[&
;5E&B565*%&";&;B$&ZYA&4*5&4$*05*#"62$&`N'),T,&D')/YZTFY&F#$*12"6&
AB"#E156%B1E(&Physical0Magazine+&QI?JL+&O@NOO(&
0
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH>+&D$E;$#\$*L(&D;*56V#"6&%$"%56&^*"ENCE%&"6-&*577NCE%3&T"*C6-$&
;5E&\$"%;&16&A"7105*61"&nC"7101$*(&T1753&F&!5C*6"7&05*&D$*15C%&D;*$6V;B&F;B7$;$%+&
??IJL+&>GN@H(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH>+&FCVC%;L(&f1*1;&*$E$";%&"%&F#$*12"j%&D;*56V$%;&T"6&16&ZYA&4*5&
4$*05*#"62$&`N'),T,&D')/YZTFY&F#$*12"6&AB"#E156%B1E(&/6716$&"*;127$&
05*&XPDFc9DF&";&B;;E3cc^^^(8N
;*$#$%;*56V#"6(25#c6";156"7%c*$$%$)$E5*;(B;#7(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHJ+&Y5:$#\$*c.$2$#\$*L(&DE5*;%&0"2171;<&71"\171;<(&The0Journal0of0
Physical0Education,0Recreation0&0Dance+&O>IGL+&?HN??b&?M(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&Y"V$7+&T(&D(&IJHH?L(&'B$&*$7";156%B1E&\$;^$$6&*$:$6C$%&"6-&^16616V&16&
;B$&Y";156"7&P55;\"77&_$"VC$(&International0Journal0of0Sport0Management+&
JIJL+&?JKN?>>(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&T1;;$7%;"$-;+&)(&.(&IJHH?L&F6&$8E75*";5*<&%;C-<&50&;B$&2*1;$*1"&C%$-&;5&
$%;"\71%B&YP_&;12[$;&E*12$%(&Sport0Marketing0Quarterly+&?HI@L+&JJ>NJ>H(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHH+&T"<N!C6$L(&FgC";12&P"2171;<&D"0$;<&"6-&)$%E56%1\171;<(&The0Journal0
of0Physical0Education,0Recreation0&0Dance+&O?IKL+&QNO(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHH+&T"*2BL(&'1;7$&X`&"6-&A56;"2;&DE5*;%(&The0Journal0of0Physical0
Education,0Recreation0&0Dance+&O?I>L+&??N?J(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHH+&T"*2B&?>NT"*2B&?GL(&P"6%&V$;&"&*$"7&2B"*V$&0*5#&07$816V&#C%27$%(&
SportsBusiness0Journal+&JI@OL+&EE(@@(&
0
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHH+&!"6C"*<&>?NP$\*C"*<&QL(&D;"-1C#&016"62$&E7"6&#"[$%&"&\"-&2"%$&
^5*%$(&SportsBusiness0Journal+&JI@?L+&EE(>K(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&I?GGG+&.$2$#\$*&JHN.$2$#\$*&JQL(&.56i;&;C*6&<5C*&\"2[&56&%;"-1C#&
%$2C*1;<&;177&;B$&016"7&^B1%;7$&\75^%(&SportsBusiness0Journal+&JI>KL+&EE(&>Q(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&I?GGQL(&od5C&]$&;B$&!C-V$(((o&Z$5*V1"&F%%521";156&05*&U$"7;B+&4B<%12"7&
,-C2";156+&)$2*$";156+&e&."62$&!5C*6"7+&>HI?L+&EE(&??(&
&&&&&&
l^"7-+&.(+&)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&U57-$*+&] ( &I?GGQL(&oY56NA56;"2;&P7"V&P55;\"77+o&#"6C%2*1E;(&
T"6C%2*1E;&C%$-&"%&"&;$8;&16&;B$&EB<%12"7&"2;1:1;1$%&E*5V*"#&";&Z$5*V1"&
D5C;B$*6&961:$*%1;<(&
&
4),D,Y'F'X/YDk0
k47$"%$&%$$&[$<&25-$&";&$6-&50&-52C#$6;&
!
!
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&.5--%+&T(&F(+&e&A5B$6+&_"^*$62$&](&IJH?K+&/2;5\$*&>HL(&A"6&E*50$%%156"7&&&
;$"#%&71#1;&;12[$;&%"7$%&*$V156"77<&;5&$6B"62$&B5#$&01$7-&"-:"6;"V$m&4"E$*&
E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&#$$;16V&50&;B$&DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&F%%521";156+&F;7"6;"+&ZF(&
!
!
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?K+&FE*17&JHL(&F&gC"71;";1:$&%;C-<&50&-<6"#12&;12[$;&E*1216V&16&2577$V$&
";B7$;12%(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&A577$V$&DE5*;&
)$%$"*2B&X6%;1;C;$+&A57C#\1"+&DA(&
!
!
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&.5--%+&T(&F(&e&D2B5$E0$*N]52B122B15+&f(&IJH?@+&FE*17&J@L(&'B$&YAFF&T$6j%&
P16"7&P5C*&'12[$;&_5;;$*<3&T"*[$;16V+&_$V"7 +&"6-&4C\712&)$7";156%&
X#E712";156%(&45%;$*&%$%%156&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&A577$V$&
DE5*;&)$%$"*2B&X6%;1;C;$+&A57C#\1"+&DA(&&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&e&D$^"*-%+&T(&IJH?@+&!"6C"*<&JKL(&4"6$7&E*$%$6;";156&56&E*50$%%156"7&
%E5*;%(&47"<%&"6-&47"<$*%&'B$";*$+&4B17"-$7EB1"+&4F(&&&
&
&
Ac)&
.5--%+&T(F(+&)$$%$+&!('(+&e&D2B5$E0$*N]52B122B15+&f(&IJH?>+&/2;5\$*&JKL(&F*$&;12[$;&
75;;$*1$%&0"1*&V"#$m&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&#$$;16V&50&;B$&DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&
F%%521";156+&F7\CgC$*gC$+&YT(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?>+&T"<&JKL(&X-$6;10<16V&C6-";$-&Y$^&d5*[&d"6[$$%&*$VC7"*&%$"%56&
;12[$;%3&F6&";;$#E;&;5&*$2"E;C*$&\"%$\"77&B1%;5*<(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&
"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&Y5*;B&F#$*12"6&D521$;<&05*&DE5*;&U1%;5*<+&U"710"8+&
Y5:"&D25;1"+&A"6"-"(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?>+&T"<&?KL(&X6;$*:1$^$-&\<&f$:16&)5%%1&05*&;B$&.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<&
DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&D;C-$6;&96156(&'5E123&T"R5*&_$"VC$&]"%$\"77&IT_]L&
F;;$6-"62$&"6-&'12[$;&D"7$%(&45-2"%;&":"17"\7$&";&
B;;E3cc-*$8$7%#;%C(\75V%E5;(25#cJH?>cHKc;B$N%E5*;%N\1=N*$E5*;N$E1%5-$N
QN#7\(B;#7&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&.5--%+&T(&F(+&]C*2B$;;$+&](&T(+&e&_C;=+&!(&4(&IJH?>+&FE*17&?GL(&]$16V&"&
:1%1;16V&0"6&2"6&25%;&<5C&<5C*&%$";(&45%;$*&%$%%156&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&
#$$;16V&50&;B$&A577$V$&DE5*;&)$%$"*2B&X6%;1;C;$+&AB"E$7&U177+&YA(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&U$1%$<+&f(&A(&IJH?>+&FE*17&?ML(&?GG@&)$E5*;&;5&;B$&YAFF&DE$21"7&
A5##1;;$$&;5&D;C-<&"&.1:1%156&XNF&P55;\"77&AB"#E156%B1E&"6-&;B$&JH?@N
JHJK&YAFF&Y";156"7&P55;\"77&AB"#E156%B1E3&F&gC"71;";1:$&25#E"*";1:$&
"6"7<%1%(&45%;$*&%$%%156&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&A577$V$&DE5*;&
)$%$"*2B&X6%;1;C;$+&AB"E$7&U177+&YA(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?>+&!"6C"*<&JQL(&)$2"E;C*16V&\"%$\"77&B1%;5*<&;B*5CVB&:16;"V$&;12[$;&
%;C\%(&&X6:1;$-&E*$%$6;";156&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&4B17"-$7EB1"&
2B"E;$*&50&;B$&D521$;<&05*&F#$*12"6&]"%$\"77&)$%$"*2B&IDF])L+&4B17"-$7EB1"+&
4F(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?J+&D$E;$#\$*&JQL(&hB";j%&CE&16&%E5*;%m&X6:1;$-&h$\16"*&B5%;$-&\<&
'12[$;&DC##1;+&D5C;B&h16-%5*+&A'(&
&
&
X&
.*"<$*+&!(+&)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&DB"E1*5+&D(&IJH?H+&!"6C"*<&?@L(&'B$&$2565#12%&50&;12[$;16V(&
D<#E5%1C#&E"6$7&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&'12[$;&DC##1;+&
Y$^&d5*[+&Yd(&X6;$*:1$^&":"17"\7$&0*5#&
B;;E3cc^^^(<5C;C\$(25#c^";2Bm:pXHU)!KY1.R[e0$";C*$p<5C;C(\$&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&.5--%+&T(&F(+&e&D6<-$*+&.(&_(&IJHHG+&FE*17&?OL(&P"6%&"EE7<&0C77N25C*;&E*$%%&
;5&41;;&5:$*&*$%$";16V&E5712<(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&D2B57"*j%&."<3&F&."<&50&
)$%$"*2B&"6-&X6gC1*<+&D9Yd&A5*;7"6-+&A5*;7"6-+&Yd(&
&
&
X&
AC*;16+&f(+&)$$%$+&!('(+&DB"6"B"6+&](&IJHHM+&T"<&ML(&X6:1;$-&E"*;121E"6;&;5&%$*:$&56&"&
E"6$7&50&16-C%;*<&$8E$*;%&";&;B$&"66C"7&d5*[&A577$V$&50&4$66%<7:"61"&DE5*;&
T"6"V$#$6;&4*50$%%156"7&."<+&d5*[+&4F(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHM+&P$\*C"*<&?L(&'*"1616V&05*&$6;*<N7$:$7&%"7$%&%;"00(&4*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&
"66C"7&2560$*$62$&50&;B$&X6;$*6";156"7&'12[$;16V&F%%521";156+&AB12"V5+&X_(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&.12[+&)(&!(&IJHHO+&Y5:$#\$*&?L(&'B$&1#E"2;&50&%;C-$6;&;12[$;16V&%<%;$#%&
56&%"7$%&"6-&";;$6-"62$&16&16;$*2577$V1";$&";B7$;12%(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&
"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&F%%521";156+&41;;%\C*VB+&4F(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHO+&/2;5\$*&?JL(&'12[$;&5E$*";156%3&F&:1"\7$&2"*$$*&E";B(&4*$%$6;$-&;5&
0"2C7;<&"6-&%;C-$6;%&16&;B$&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&E*5V*"#&";&,"%;&D;*5C-%\C*V&
961:$*%1;<+&,"%;&D;*5C-%\C*V+&4F(&
&
&
Ac)&
D;"C*5^%[<+&,(&!(+&_"^*$62$+&U(&!(+&4"C7$+&F(&_(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHO+&T"*2B&JGL(&
'*":$7$*%&56&;B$&'1;7$&X`&25#E71"62$&B1VB^"<3&U5^&"*$&2577$V$%&"6-&
C61:$*%1;1$%&0"*16Vm&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&'1;7$&X`&F2"-$#12&"6-&_$V"7&
A560$*$62$+&A7$:$7"6-+&/U(&
!
!
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!('(+&."CVB;*$<+&A(_(+&P$6;56+&f(+&Y12B57%+&)(+&T55*$+&.(+&Z*5%%+&!(+&e&D^<-"6+&4(&
IJHHQ+&Y5:$#\$*&>L(&U5^&;5&\$;;$*&E*$E"*$&%E5*;&#"6"V$#$6;&%;C-$6;%&05*&
2"*$$*%&16&%E5*;&%"7$%(&D<#E5%1C#&E"6$7&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&
;B$&DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&F%%521";156+&.$6:$*+&A/(&
&
&
Ac)&
D6<-$*+&.(&_(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHQ+&FCVC%;&>?L(&'B$&!"E"6$%$&^B5&2"6&%"<&653&F6&
"6"7<%1%&50&;B$&01*%;&E*50$%%156"7&\"%$\"77&%;*1[$&16&!"E"6(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&
;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&F%1"6&F%%521";156&05*&DE5*;%&T"6"V$#$6;+&'5[<5+&
!"E"6(&
&
&
Ac)&
D6<-$*+&.(&_(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHQ+&FCVC%;&>?L(&F&25#E"*";1:$&"6"7<%1%&50&%"7"*<&
"*\1;*";156&16&T"R5*&_$"VC$&]"%$\"77&"6-&;B$&Y1EE56&4*50$%%156"7&]"%$\"77(&
4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&F%1"6&F%%521";156&05*&DE5*;%&
T"6"V$#$6;+&'5[<5+&!"E"6(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&T5**1%+&U(&!(&IJHHQ+&T"*2B&>?L(&F&gC"71;";1:$&%;C-<&50&";;$6-"62$&E57121$%&
16&B1VB$*&$-C2";156(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&.*"[$&
Z*5CE+&X6-1"6"E571%+&XY(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&!$6616V%+&T(&IJHHQ+&!"6C"*<&?>L(&U5^&;5&9;171=$&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&
4*5V*"#%&05*&'12[$;&/0012$&D"7$%&D;"0016V(&4*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&2560$*$62$&
50&;B$&X6;$*6";156"7&'12[$;16V&F%%521";156+&]5%;56+&TF(&
&
&
Ac)&
T5\$*V+&A(&)(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHK+&Y5:$#\$*&??L(&F6&$8E75*";5*<&$8"#16";156&50&;B$&
2577$V$N&%;C-$6;&;*"6%E7"6;&0"6(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&
DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&F%%521";156+&'$#E$+&Fl(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&X*^16+&)(&_(+&DC;;56+&h(&F(+&f"-7$2$[+&!(+&f"B7$*+&!(+&e&A5B6+&T(&IJHHK+&
Y5:$#\$*&?HL(&U5^&;5&0C*;B$*&16;$V*";$&%E5*;&#"6"V$#$6;&E*5V*"#%&^1;B&
16-C%;*<&%"7$%&50012$%(&D<#E5%1C#&E"6$7&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&
;B$&DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&F%%521";156+&'$#E$+&Fl(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHK+&FE*17&JML(&A"%$&%;C-1$%&16&;12[$;&5E$*";156%(&4*$%$6;$-&;5&0"2C7;<&
"6-&%;C-$6;%&";&;B$&ZC"6V=B5C&X6%;1;C;$&50&4B<%12"7&,-C2";156+&ZC"6V=B5C+&
AB16"(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHK+&FE*17&JML(&'$2B6575V12"7&"-:"62$%&16&;12[$;&5E$*";156%(&4*$%$6;$-&
;5&0"2C7;<&"6-&%;C-$6;%&";&;B$&ZC"6V=B5C&X6%;1;C;$&50&4B<%12"7&,-C2";156+&
ZC"6V=B5C+&AB16"(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHK+&FE*17&J@L(&A"%$&%;C-1$%&16&;12[$;&5E$*";156%(&4*$%$6;$-&;5&0"2C7;<+&
%;C-$6;%+&"6-&E*50$%%156"7%&";&]$1R16V&DE5*;&961:$*%1;<+&] $1R16V+& AB16"(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHK+&FE*17&J@L(&'$2B6575V12"7&"-:"62$%&16&;12[$;&5E$*";156%(&4*$%$6;$-&
;5&0"2C7;<+&%;C-$6;%+&"6-&E*50$%%156"7%&";&]$1R16V&DE5*;&961:$*%1;<+&]$1R16V+&
AB16"(&
&
&&&&&&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&D5C;B"77+&)(&T(+&e&D;"C*5^%[<+&,(&!(&IJHHK+&FE*17&?L(&]75^&;B$&^B1%;7$&56&;B$&
%C22$%%&50&$-C2";16V&2577$V$&";B7$;$%(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&
50&;B$&.*"[$&Z*5CE+&D;(&_5C1%+&T/(&
&
&
Ac)&
D"2[+&F(&_(+&T$VV<$%<+&.(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHK+&FE*17&?L(&'B$&*57$&50&5*V"61=$-&7"\5*&16&
2577$V1";$&";B7$;12&*$05*#3&&4"%;+&E*$%$6;&"6-&0C;C*$(&/*V"61=16V&2577$V$&
";B7$;$%&16&;B$&?GMH%3&'B$&2"%$&50&;B$&A$6;$*&05*&F;B7$;$%&)1VB;%&"6-&
,-C2";156(&D<#E5%1C#&256-C2;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&'B$&.*"[$&Z*5CE+&
D;(&_5C1%+&T/(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&D6<-$*+&.(&_(&IJHH@+&Y5:$#\$*&?GL(&T"*[$;16V&1#E712";156%&50&
%$256-"*<&;12[$;&-1%;*1\C;156&16&E*50$%%156"7&%E5*;%(&4"E $*& E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&
"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&F%%521";156+&T$#EB1%+&'Y(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&D5C;B"77+&)(&T(&IJHH@+&T"*2B&QL(&hB<&;B$&AB12"V5&AC\%&^177&\$&05*2$-&;5&
25#E*5#1%$&16&*550;5E&\7$"2B$*%&%C1;(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&
50&;B$&DE5*;&"6-&)$2*$";156&_"^&F%%521";156+&_"%&W$V"%+&YW(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&D5C;B"77+&)(&T(&IJHH@+&T"*2B&KL(&DC16V&%$"%56&;12[$;&B57-$*%3&Z55-&
\C%16$%%&5*&\"-&EC\712&*$7";156%(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&
DE5*;&"6-&)$2*$";156&_"^&F%%521";156+&_"%&W$V"%+&YW(&
&
&
Ac)&
D5C;B"77+&)(&T(+&D;"C*5^%[<+&,(&!(+&Y"V$7+&T(&D(+&)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&UC#"+&)(&IJHH@+&T"*2B&@L(&
YAFF&.1:1%156&XNF&16;$*2577$V1";$&";B7$;12%3&_$V"7&"6-&E5712<&1%%C$%(&4"E$*&
E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&DE5*;&"6-&)$2*$";156&_"^&F%%521";156+&
_"%&W$V"%+&YW(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&F[16-$%+&Z(&IJHH@+&P$\*C"*<&JHL(&P"2171;1$%&-$:$75E#$6;3&F*;10121"7&;C*0&
:%(&6";C*"7&;C*0(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&DE5*;%+&d5C;B&"6-&F0*12"&D<#E5%1C#+&
F;B$6%+&/U(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH>+&Y5:$#\$*&?JL(&X6;$*6%B1E%3&U5^&;5&V$;&;B$#&"6-&^B<&<5C&6$$-&
;B$#(&W57C6;$$*16V3&,8E"6-16V&<5C*&*$%C#$&^1;B&:57C6;$$*&"2;1:1;1$%(&
_$"-$*%B1E&.$:$75E#$6;&h5*[%B5E&D$*1$%3&)$%C#$&]C17-16V&"6-&A*1;1gC$(&
F;B$6%+&/U(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&]*"-7$<+&F(&IJHH>+&FE*17&JML(&/B15&F;B7$;12%&%$"%56&;12[$;&B57-$*&%;C-<&
*$%C7;%(&4*$%$6;$-&;5&;B$&%;"00&50&;B$&/B15&F;B7$;12%&-$E"*;#$6;+&F;B$6%+&/U(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&Y"V$7+&T(&D(+&e&D5C;B"77+&)(&T(&IJHH>+&T"*2B&OL(&F&E5712<&"6"7<%1%&"6-&7$V"7&
1#E712";156%&50&;12[$;&;*"6%0$*%&16&;B$&YP_(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&
#$$;16V&50&;B$&D521$;<&05*&;B$&D;C-<&50&_$V"7&F%E$2;%&50&DE5*;&"6-&4B<%12"7&
F2;1:1;<+&F;7"6;"+&ZF(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHJ+&.$2$#\$*&?>L(&.$:$75E16V&"6&$00$2;1:$&16;$*6%B1E&16&E*50$%%156"7&
\"%$\"77(&4*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&4*50$%%156"7&]"%$\"77&h16;$*&T$$;16V%+&
Y"%B:177$+&'Y(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHJ+&Y5:$#\$*&JQL(&U5^&;5&%$77&%E56%5*%B1E&16&E*50$%%156"7&%E5*;%(&
4*$%$6;$-&;5&;B$&F#$*12"6&T"*[$;16V&F%%521";156+&F;B$6%+&/U(&
&
&
Ac)&
D;"C*5^%[<+&,(&!(+&D"2[+&F(+&D5C;B"77+&)(&T(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHJ+&Y5:$#\$*&OL(&'B*5CVB&
;B$&6"**5^&V";$3&)$0*"#16V&;B$&2577$V$&%E5*;&*$05*#&#5:$#$6;&"%&"&*$05*#&
#5:$#$6;&50&;B$&E*50$%%5*";$&"6-&%;C-$6;%(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&#$$;16V&
50&;B$&Y5*;B&F#$*12"6&D521$;<&05*&;B$&D521575V<&50&DE5*;+&X6-1"6"E571%+&XY(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHJ+&T"*2B&OL(&_$V"7&*$%E56%1\171;<&16&;B$&-1%21E716$&50&;12[$;&5E$*";156%(&
4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&'B$&D521$;<&05*&;B$&D;C-<&50&_$V"7&
F%E$2;%&50&DE5*;&"6-&4B<%12"7&F2;1:1;<+&h"25+&'`(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHJ+&P$\*C"*<&JML(&h5*[16V&16&;B$&^5*7-&50&E*50$%%156"7&%E5*;%(&
4"*[$*%\C*V+&hW+&_156%&A7C\(&
&
&
X&
F##56+&)(+&]*5^6+&T(&'(+&Y"V$7+&T(&D(+&)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&D5C;B"77+&)(&T(&IJHHJ+&P$\*C"*<&
?@L(&U5^&;5&%$2C*$&"&R5\&16&;B$&%E5*;&16-C%;*<(&h $%; &Z$5*V1"&DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&
DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&D<#E5%1C#+&A"**577;56+&ZF(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&"6-&T1;;$7%;"$-;+&)(&.(&IJHH?+&T"<&>?L(&F&%;C-<&50&;B$&2*1;$*1"&C%$-&;5&
$%;"\71%B&YP_&;12[$;&E*12$%(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&
Y5*;B&F#$*12"6&D521$;<&05*&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;+&W1*V161"&]$"2B+&WF(&
&
&
X&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&T"*"=56+&T(+&e&Y57"6+&D(&IJHH?+&FE*17&JGL(&F&E*5E5%"7&05*&\*16V16V&;B$&
JHH>&F#$*12"6&A577$V1";$&U52[$<&F%%521";156&Y";156"7&X6:1;";156"7&
'5C*6"#$6;&;5&/B15&961:$*%1;<+&Y"E7$%+&P_(&
&
&
Ac)&
U57#"6+&T(+&)$$%$+&!(&'(+&Y"V$7+&T(&D(+&e&F7;#"6+&D(&IJHH?+&T"*2B&ML(&'B$&*57$&50&;B$&
25C*;%&16&;B$&*$VC7";156&50&25NE"*;121E"6;&%E5*;&:157$62$(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&
;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&'B$&D521$;<&05*&;B$&D;C-<&50&_$V"7&F%E$2;%&50&DE5*;&"6-&
4B<%12"7&F2;1:1;<+&)1-V$-"7$+&T/(&
&
&
Ac)&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&D;5;7"*+&.(&f(&IJHHH+&!C6$&>L(&F&25#E*$B$6%1:$&%1#C7";156&05*&;12[$;&
E*1216V&16&E*50$%%156"7&055;\"77(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&
Y5*;B&F#$*12"6&D521$;<&05*&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;+&A575*"-5&DE*16V%+&A/(&
&
&
Ac)&
Y"V$7+&T(&D(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHH+&T"*2B&??L(&'B$&YAFFi%&%2B$-C716V&$8$#E;156&05*&
*$71V15C%&*$"%56%3&F&275%$*&755[(&4"E$*&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&'B$&
D521$;<&05*&;B$&D;C-<&50&_$V"7&F%E$2;%&50&DE5*;&"6-&4B<%12"7&F2;1:1;<+&
F7\CgC$*gC$+&YT(&
&
&
Ac)&
Y"V$7+&T(&D(+&e&)$$%$+&!(&'(&I?GGG+&!C6$L(&'B$&*$7";156%B1E&\$; ^ $$6&*$:$6C$%&"6-&
^16616V&16&;B$&Y";156"7&P55;\"77&_$"VC$(&45%;$*&%$%%156&E*$%$6;$-&";&;B$&
"66C"7&#$$;16V&50&;B$&Y5*;B&F#$*12"6&D521$;<&05*&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;+&
W"625C:$*+&]*1;1%B&A57C#\1"+&A"6"-"(&
&
FULL!TEXT!BOOK!REVIEWS&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJH?J+&Y5:$#\$*L(&q)$:1$^&50&;B$&\55[&DE5*;&X6-C%;*<&F6"7<;12%3&F6&,8$2C;1:$&
DC##"*<&50&)$%$"*2B&"6-&D;";1%;12%&9%$&16&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;!\<&AC6$$6&"6-&
'5\"*r(&U5725#\&U";B"^"<(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH@+&FCVC%;L(&q)$:1$^&50&;B$&\55[&A56;$#E5*"*<&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&IJ
6-
&$-(L&
\<&4"*[%&"6-&nC"*;$*#"6r(&UC#"6&f16$;12%(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH@+&!C7<L(&q)$:1$^&50&"&E*5E5%$-&DE5*;&,;B12%&;$8;r(&_56V#"6&4C\71%B$*%(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH@+&T"*2BL(&q)$:1$^&50&"&E*5E5%$-&DE5*;&,;B12%&;$8;r(&_56V#"6&4C\71%B$*%(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH>+&Y5:$#\$*L(&q)$:1$^&50&;B$&\55[&T"6"V16V&DE5*;&P"2171;1$%&\<&P*1$-r(&
UC#"6&f16$;12%(&
!
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH>+&FCVC%;L(&q)$:1$^&50&;B$&\55[&DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&IJ
6-
&$-(L&\<&TC7716+&U"*-<+&
e&DC;;56r(&UC#"6&f16$;12%(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH>+&!C7<L(&q)$:1$^&50&;B$&\55[&Z5:$*6"62$&"6-&45712<&.$:$75E#$6;&16&DE5*;&
/*V"61=";156%&\<&UC#%&"6-&T"2_$"6r(&U5725#\&U";B"^"<&4C\71%B$*%(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH?+&/2;5\$*L(&q)$:1$^&50&;B$&\55[&Z5:$*6"62$&"6-&45712<&.$:$75E#$6;&16&
DE5*;&/*V"61=";156%&\<&UC#%&"6-&T"2_$"6r(&U5725#\&U";B"^"<&4C\71%B$*%(&
!
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH?+&T"<L(&q)$:1$^&50&;B$&\55[&A56;$#E5*"*<&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&IJ
6-
&$-(L&\<&
4"*[%&"6-&nC"*;$*#"6r(&UC#"6&f16$;12%(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHH+&T"<L(&q)$:1$^&50&;B$&\55[&DE5*;&4*5#5;156&"6-&D"7$%&T"6"V$#$6;&\<&
X*^16+&DC;;56+&e&T2A"*;B<r(&UC#"6&f16$;12%(&
&
GRANTS&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHML(&'12[$;16V&%50;^"*$&-56";156&\<&'12[$;)$;C*6(&D50;^"*$&-56";156&05*&C%$&
16&;B$&D4T&JMK&'12[$;&/E$*";156%&16&DE5*;&27"%%+&"6-&;B$&E$6-16V&FEE71$-&D"7$%&"6-&
T"*[$;16V&A$6;$*&IsO+KHH(HHL(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHML(&'12[$;16V&%50;^"*$&-56";156&\<&]"77$6"&'$2B6575V1$%+&X62(&D50;^"*$&
-56";156&05*&C%$&16&;B$&D4T&JMK&'12[$;&/E$*";156%&16& DE 5*;&27"%%&"6-&;B$&E$6-16V&
FEE71$-&D"7$%&"6-&T"*[$;16V&A$6;$*&IsJK+HHH(HHL(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHHML(&AB*1%&T5**1%&D"7$%&"6-&T"*[$;16V&D2B57"*%B1E(&4*1:";$&-56";156&50&
sJ+HHH(HH&05*&>&<$"*%&;5^"*-&"&V*"-C";$&"%%1%;"6;&%;1E$6-&";&D9Yd&A5*;7"6-&05*&"&
%;C-$6;&16;$*$%;$-&16&"&2"*$$*&16&"EE71$-&%"7$%&5*&#"*[$;16V&IsQ+HHH(HHL(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(&IJHH>L(&Y";156"7&"6-&*$V156"7&;$7$:1%156&25##$*21"7%&-56";$-&;5&/B15&
961:$*%1;<&16&256RC62;156&^1;B&;B$&JHH@&]12$6;$661"7&2"#E"1V6&IsKH+HHH(HHL(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&]*5^6+&T(&'(+&e&f*$C;=$*+&F(&_(&I?GGG+&Y5:$#\$*L(&'B$&9%$&50&W1-$5&
A560$*$6216V&05*&4*5V*"#&)$2*C1;#$6;&"6-&.$:$75E#$6;&IPC6-$-&16&E"*;+&
s@+JJH(HHL(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&f*$C;=$*+&F(&_(&IJHHH+&FE*17L(&F&D;C-<&50&;B$&!5\&47"2$#$6;&)";$%&"6-&!5\&
D";1%0"2;156&;5&X#E*5:$&;B$&.1:$*%1;<&50&D;C-$6;&)$2*C1;#$6;&IY5;&PC6-$-+&
sO+M>J(KHL(&
&
)$$%$+&!(&'(+&e&]*5^6+&T(&'(&IJHHH+&FE*17L(&'B$&9%$&50&;B$&F66C"7&Z$5*V1"&D5C;B$*6&DE5*;&
T"6"V$#$6;&A560$*$62$&05*&96-$*V*"-C";$&'$"2B16V&"6-&_$"*616V&IY5;&PC6-$-+&
s?H+MKM(KHL(&
&
&
D,)WXA,&
&
&
961:$*%1;<&D$*:12$&I.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<L&
&
&
JH?@NJH?K&
T$#\$*+&D$6";$&A5##1;;$$&56&F2"-$#12&F00"1*%&
&
&
JH?@NJH?K&
T$#\$*+&_1\*"*<&F-:1%5*<&Z*5CE&
&
&
JH?>NJH?@&
T$#\$*+&D$6";$&A5##1;;$$&56&F2"-$#12&F00"1*%&
&
&
&
A$6;$*&D$*:12$&I.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<L&
&
&
JH?@NJH?K&
T$#\$*+&F2"-$#12&D;"6-16V&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JH?@NJH?K&
T$#\$*+&U5%E1;"71;<&T"6"V$#$6;&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JH?>NJH?@&
T$#\$*+&AC**12C7C#&A5##1;;$$+&A$6;$*&05*&U5%E1;"71;<&"6-&DE5*;&
T"6"V$#$6;&
&
&
&
.$E"*;#$6;&D$*:12$&I.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<L&
&
&
JH?@NJH?K&
T$#\$*+&Z*"-C";$&AC**12C7C#&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
A577$V$&D$*:12$&I_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<L&
&
&
JH?HNJH??&
T$#\$*+&Z*"-C";$&F-#161%;*";1:$&A5C6217&
&
&
&
.$E"*;#$6;"7&D$*:12$&I_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<L&
&
&
JH?HNJH??&
h$\&T"6"V$*+&.$E"*;#$6;&50&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&
&
&
&
A577$V$&D$*:12$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
&
&
JHHGNJH?H&
AB"1*+&A577$V$&AC**12C7C#&)$:1$^&A5C6217&IA))AL&
&
&
JHHGNJH?H&
T$#\$*+&D;*";$V12&47"6616V&D;$$*16V&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JHHGNJH?H&
T$#\$*+&P"2C7;<&D$6";$&ID2B557&50&4*50$%%156"7&D;C-1$%L&
&
&
JHHGNJH?H&
T$#\$*+&A5*;7"6-&X6;$*2577$V1";$&F;B7$;12%&]5"*-&
&
&
JHHGNJH?H&
T$#\$*+&994&A5*;7"6-&AB"E;$*&,8$2C;1:$&]5"*-&
&
&
JHHGNJH?H&
A5##1;;$$&50&Z*"-C";$&A55*-16";5*%&
&
&
&
D2B557&D$*:12$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-ND2B557&50&4*50$%%156"7&D;C-1$%L&
&
&
JHHGNJH?H&
AB"1*+&4$*%566$7&A5##1;;$$+&D2B557&50&4*50$%%156"7&D;C-1$%&
&
&
&
.$E"*;#$6;"7&D$*:12$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-NDE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;L&
&
&
JHHGNJH?H&
T$#\$*+&AC**12C7C#&A5##1;;$$+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&
&
&
&
A577$V$&D$*:12$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
&
&
JHHMNJHHG&
T$#\$*+&D;*";$V12&47"6616V&D;$$*16V&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JHHMNJHHG&
T$#\$*+&A577$V$&AC**12C7C#&)$:1$^&A5C6217&IA))AL&
&
&
JHHMNJHHG&
T$#\$*+&P"2C7;<&D$6";$&ID2B557&50&4*50$%%156"7&D;C-1$%L&
&
&
JHHMNJHHG&
T$#\$*+&A5*;7"6-&X6;$*2577$V1";$&F;B7$;12%&]5"*-&
&
&
JHHMNJHHG&
A5##1;;$$&50&Z*"-C";$&A55*-16";5*%&
&
&
JHHMNJHHG&
F7;$*6";$+&'"%[&P5*2$&05*&U5C%16V&X6;7(&Z*"-C";$&D;C-$6;%&e&W1%1;16V&D2B57"*%&
&
&
&
D2B557&D$*:12$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-ND2B557&50&4*50$%%156"7&D;C-1$%L&
&
&
JHHMNJHHG&
D9Yd&A5*;7"6-&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$+&.$"6&50&4*50$%%156"7&D;C-1$%&
&
&
JHHMNJHHG&
AB"1*+&4$*%566$7&A5##1;;$$+&D2B557&50&4*50$%%156"7&D;C-1$%&
&
&
JHHMNJHHG&
F7;$*6";$+&D;C-15&h$%;&]C17-16V&e&)$65:";156&4*5R$2;&F-:1%5*<&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
.$E"*;#$6;"7&D$*:12$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-NDE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;L&
&
&
JHHMNJHHG&
T$#\$*+&AC**12C7C#&A5##1;;$$+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
T$#\$*+&FEE71$-&h5*[16V&Z*5CE+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
T$#\$*+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&AB"1*j%&F-:1%5*<&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
A577$V$&D$*:12$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
AB"1*+&D9Yd&A5*;7"6-&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$+&X6;$*1#&.1*$2;5*&50&Z*"-C";$&D;C-1$%&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
T$#\$*+&F%%;(&F;B7(&.1*$2;5*&05*&,:$6;&TV#;(&"6-&4*5#5;156%&D$"*2B&
A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
T$#\$*+&P"2C7;<&D$6";$&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
T$#\$*+&PC7\*1VB;&D2B57"*%B1E&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
T$#\$*+&A5*;7"6-&X6;$*2577$V1";$&F;B7$;12%&]5"*-&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
T$#\$*+&F2"-$#12&F00"1*%&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
T$#\$*+&T"*[$;16V&F-:1%5*<&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
A5##1;;$$&50&Z*"-C";$&A55*-16";5*%&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
F7;$*6";$+&'"%[&P5*2$&05*&U5C%16V&X6;7(&Z*"-C";$&D;C-$6;%&e&W1%1;16V&D2B57"*%&
&
&
&
D2B557&D$*:12$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-ND2B557&50&4*50$%%156"7&D;C-1$%L&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
AB"1*+&4$*%566$7&A5##1;;$$+&D2B557&50&4*50$%%156"7&D;C-1$%&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
F7;$*6";$+&D;C-15&h$%;&]C17-16V&e&)$65:";156&4*5R$2;&F-:1%5*<&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
.$E"*;#$6;"7&D$*:12$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-NDE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;L&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
AB"1*+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&P"2C7;<&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$+&F%%1%;"6;&
4*50$%%5*cF%%521";$&4*50$%%5*&45%1;156&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
AB"1*+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E;(&P"2C7;<&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$+&X6%;*C2;5*&
45%1;156&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
AC**12C7C#&A5##1;;$$+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
T$#\$*+&4$*%566$7&A5##1;;$$+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&
&
&
JHHONJHHM&
T$#\$*+&FEE71$-&h5*[16V&Z*5CE+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&
&
&
&
A577$V$&D$*:12$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
T$#\$*+&A5*;7"6-&X6;$*2577$V1";$&F;B7$;12%&]5"*-&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
T$#\$*+&T"*[$;16V&F-:1%5*<&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
T$#\$*+&F2"-$#12&F00"1*%&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
A5##1;;$$&50&Z*"-C";$&A55*-16";5*%&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
W57C6;$$*+&D9Yd&A5*;7"6-&T1-61VB;&]*$" [0"%;+&h$-6$%-"<&T"<&G+&JHHO&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
T"*%B"7+&Z*"-C";156&A$*$#56<+&DE*16V&JHHO&
&
&
&
D2B557&D$*:12$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-ND2B557&50&4*50$%%156"7&D;C-1$%L&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
T$#\$*+&4$*%566$7&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
.$E"*;#$6;"7&D$*:12$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-NDE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;L&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
T$#\$*+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&P"2C7;<&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$+&
F%%521";$&4*50$%%5*&45%1;156&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
AB"1*+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&P"2C7;<&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$+&F%%1%;"6;&
4*50$%%5*&45%1;156&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
AB"1*+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E;(&P"2C7;<&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$+&X6%;*C2;5*&
45%1;156&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
T$#\$*+&4$*%566$7&A5##1;;$$+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
AC**12C7C#&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
961:$*%1;<&D$*:12$&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
&
&
JHHKNJHHQ&
T$#\$*+&X6;$*2577$V1";$&F;B7$;12%&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
A577$V$&D$*:12$&I/B15&961:$*%1;<NA577$V$&50&U$"7;B&"6-&UC#"6&D$*:12$%L&
&
&
JHHKNJHHQ&
T$#\$*+&AC**12C7C#&A5##1;;$$&&
&
&
&
D2B557&D$*:12$&I/B15&961:$*%1;<ND2B557&50&)$2*$";156&"6-&DE5*;&D21$62$%L&
&
&
JHHKNJHHQ&
AB"1*+&AC**12C7C#&A5##1;;$$N)$2*$";156&"6-&DE5*;&D21$62$%+&/B15&961:$*%1;<&
&
&
JHHKNJHHQ&
T$#\$*+&4*5#5;156&e&'$6C*$&A5##1;;$$&&
&
&
JHHKNJHHQ&
AB"1*+&.1:1%156&50&DE5*;%&F-#161%;*";156&P"2C7;<&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
961:$*%1;<&D$*:12$&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
&
&
JHH@NJHHK&
T$#\$*+&X6;$*2577$V1";$&F;B7$;12%&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
A577$V$&D$*:12$&I/B15&961:$*%1;<NA577$V$&50&U$"7;B&"6-&UC#"6&D$*:12$%L&
&
&
JHH@NJHHK&
T$#\$*+&AC**12C7C#&A5##1;;$$&&
&
&
&
D2B557&D$*:12$&I/B15&961:$*%1;<ND2B557&50&)$2*$";156&"6-&DE5*;&D21$62$%L&
&
&
JHH@NJHHK&
AB"1*+&AC**12C7C#&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
961:$*%1;<&D$*:12$&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
&
&
JHH>NJHH@&
A"#EC%&)$2*$";156&D;"00&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
D2B557&D$*:12$&I/B15&961:$*%1;<ND2B557&50&)$2*$";156&"6-&DE5*;&D21$62$%L&
&
&
JHH>NJHH@&
T$#\$*+&AC**12C7C#&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JHH>NJHH@&
T$#\$*+&.1:1%156&50&DE5*;%&F-#161%;*";156&P"2C7;<&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
D2B557&D$*:12$&I/B15&961:$*%1;<ND2B557&50&)$2*$";156&"6-&DE5*;&D21$62$%L&
&
&
JHHJNJHH>&
T$#\$*+&Z5:$*6"62$&"6-&/E$*";156%&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JHHJNJHH>&
T$#\$*+&.1:1%156&50&DE5*;%&F-#161%;*";156&P"2C7;<&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
D2B557&D$*:12$&I/B15&961:$*%1;<ND2B557&50&)$2*$";156&"6-&DE5*;&D21$62$%L&
&
&
JHH?NJHHJ&
T$#\$*+&AC**12C7C#&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
D2B557&D$*:12$&I/B15&961:$*%1;<ND2B557&50&)$2*$";156&"6-&DE5*;&D21$62$%L&
&
&
JHHHNJHH?&
AB"1*+&,6B"62$#$6;&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
JHHHNJHH?&
T$#\$*+&.1:1%156&50&DE5*;%&F-#161%;*";156&P"2C7;<&D$"*2B&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
D2B557&D$*:12$&I/B15&961:$*%1;<ND2B557&50&)$2*$";156&"6-&DE5*;&D21$62$%L&
&
&
?GGGNJHHH&
T$#\$*+&,6B"62$#$6;&A5##1;;$$&
&
&
&
/;B$*&D$*:12$&&
&
&
?GG@N?GGQ&
DC\%;1;C;$&X6%;*C2;5*+&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&4*5V*"#+&Z$5*V1"&D5C;B$*6&
961:$*%1;<&
&
&
?GG@&
F%%1%;"6;&A55*-16";5*NZ$5*V1"&D5C;B$*6&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&A560$*$62$&
&
&
?GG@&
X6;$*6NX6;$*6";156"7&A560$*$62$&50&h5*7-&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;+&Z$5*V1"&'$2B&
961:$*%1;<(&&&&&&&&&&&
&
&
&
A/TT9YX'd&D,)WXA,&
!
P"77&JH??NDE*16V&
JH?>&
T$#\$*&";&_"*V$+&,8$2C;1:$&]5"*-+&T"-1%56&U$1VB;%&d5C;B&]"%$\"77&
F%%521";156&
&
&
P"77&JH??NDE*16V&
T$#\$*+&'$#E7$&AB*1%;1"6&D2B557&F;B7$;12%&PC6-*"1%16V&A5##1;;$$&
JH?J&
&
&
P"77&JH?H&
W57C6;$$*&F%%1%;"6;&A5"2BNT"-1%56&U$1VB;%&d5C;B&]"%$\"77&F%%52(&&
&
&
DE*16VcDC#(&JHHG&
F%%1%;"6;&.1"#56-&_$"VC$&A5"2BNU5#$*+&Yd&_1;;7$&_$"VC$&
&
&
DC##$*+&JHHM&
PC6-*"1%16V&F%%1%;"6;+&U5#$*&_1;;7$&_$"VC$&
&
&
!"6(NT"*2B+&JHHM&
U5#$*&_1;;7$&_$"VC$&A5"2B16V&D;"00+&h16;$*&]"%$\"77&A71612%&
&
&
.$2$#\$*&JHHO&
F&."<&/C;&^1;B&D"6;"&IW57C6;$$*L+&U"#E;56&X66+&A5*;7"6-+&Yd&
&
&
DE*16VcDC#(&JHHO&
F%%1%;"6;&'$$&]"77&A5"2BNU5#$*+&Yd&)$2*$";156&.$E"*;#$6;&
&
&
.$2$#\$*&JHHQ&
F&."<&/C;&^1;B&D"6;"&IW57C6;$$*L+&U"#E;56&X66+&A5*;7"6-+&Yd&
&
&
JHHQNJHHO&
A55*-16";5*&50&T$-1"&)$7";156%+&Y$^&d5*[&." %B&D522$*&A7C\&
I6<-"%B(25#L&
&
&
JHH>NJHHQ&
P"2C7;<&F-:1%5*&;5&/B15&961:$*%1;<&D;C-$6;&/*V"61=";156N&/B15&
961:$*%1;<&T$6j%&A7C\&]"%[$;\"77&
&
&
JHHKNJHHQ&
'12[$;16V&F-:1%5*ND5C;B$*6&/B15&A5EE$*B$"-%&
&
&
JHHJNJHH@&
W57C6;$$*NDE$21"7&/7<#E12%+&F;B$6%+&/U(&
&
&
T"*2B&JHH>&
DE56%5*%B1E&47"6616V&A5##1;;$$NJHH>&Y";156"7&X6;*"#C*"7&
]"%[$;\"77&AB"#E156%B1E%+&F;B$6%+&/U(&
&
&
T"*2B&JHH>&
!C-V$NF*657-&A7"%%12&D;*56V#"6&A56;$%;NA57C#\C%+&/B15&
&
&
P$\*C"*<&JHH>&
'5C*6"#$6;&A5##1;;$$NF#$*12"6&A577$V1";$&U52[$<&F%%521";156&
IFAUFL&Y";156"7&U52[$<&'5C*6"#$6;+&F;B$6%+&/B15&
&
&
h16;$*&JHH>&
47"6616V&A5##1;;$$NF;B$6%&d5C;B&U52[$<&F%%521";1563&U52[$<&
U$7E16V&;B$&U5#$7$%%&"6-&d5C;B+&F;B$6%+&/B15&
&
&
JHHJNJHHQ&
P"2C7;<&F-:1%5*&;5&/B15&961:$*%1;<&D;C-$6;&/*V"61=";156NA577$V1";$&
F;B7$;$%&A5"71;156&IAFAL(&
&
&
DC##$*&JHHJ&
W57C6;$$*NF;B$6%&U1VB&D2B557&'$661%&A"#E(&
&
&
!C7<&JHHJ&
W57C6;$$*&/E$*";156%&F%%1%;"6;NZ*$";&_"[$%&F77ND;"*%&:%(&'$"#&9DF&
]"%$\"77+&F;B$6%+&/B15&
&
&
FE*17+&JHH?&
]1-&A55*-16";5*NJHH>&FAUF&Y";156"7&U52[$<&'5C*6"#$6;+&F;B$6%+&
/B15&
&
&
!"6C"*<+&JHH?&
W57C6;$$*NAB17-*$6i%&U5%E1;"7+&A57C#\C%+&/B15(&
&
&
JHHHNJHH?&
W57C6;$$*&DE56%5*%B1E&A55*-16";5*N/B15&961:$*%1;<&U52[$<(&
&
&
JHHHNJHH?&
P"2C7;<&F-:1%5*&;5&/B15&961:$*%1;<&P$775^%B1E&50&AB*1%;1"6&F;B7$;$%&
&
&
.$2$#\$*&?GGG&
W57C6;$$*NAB17-*$6i%&U5%E1;"7+&A57C#\C%+&/B15(&
&
&
?GGGNJHHH&
T$#\$*N/B15&961:$*%1;<&Z*$$6&"6-&hB1;$&F;B7$;12&]55%;$*&A7C\(&
&
&
DC##$*&?GGO&
W57C6;$$*N4"*;121E";$&16&;B$&_1:$%&50&F#$*12"j%&d5C;B&I4_FdL(&
]"%[$;\"77&A5"2B16V&A71612+&.$6:$*+&A575*"-5&
&
&
DC##$*&?GGQ&
W57C6;$$*Nd5C;B&,-C2";156&'B*5CVB&DE5*;&Id,DL(&'$661%&A5"2B16V&
A71612+&'"77"B"%%$$+&P75*1-"&
&
4)/P,DDX/YF_&T,T],)DUX4D&FY.&4)/P,DDX/YF_&D,)WXA,&
&
F#$*12"6&F771"62$&05*&U$"7;B+&4B<%12"7&,-C2";156+&)$2*$";156&"6-&."62$+&T$#\$*+&?GGG(&
&
A"%$&D;C-1$%&16&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;+&ZC$%;&,-1;5*1"7&]5"*-&T$#\$*+&T"<&JH?K(&
&
X#EC#$7$75N'B$&X6;$*-1%21E716"*<&,7$2;*5612&!5C*6"7&50&F0*12"6&DE5*;+&F-:1%5*<&]5"*-+&
JHH@N&4*$%$6;&&
&
X6;$*6";156"7&F%%521";156&50&F%%$#\7<&T"6"V$*%+&T$#\$*+&JHHH&
&
International0Journal0of0Sport0Management0and0Marketing+&ZC$%;&)$:1$^$*&I!"6C"*<+&JHHQL&
&
X6;$*6";156"7&'12[$;16V&F%%521";156+&T$#\$*+&JHH@NJHHGb&T$#\$*%B1E&A5##1;;$$&JHHK+&
AB"1*NJHHQNJHHOb&A*$";5*&"6-&/*V"61=$*&50&XY'X`&!5\&P"1*+&JHHONJHHM&
&
Journal0of0Applied0Sport0Management+&,-1;5*1"7&]5"*-+&JH?>N4*$%$6;&
&
Journal0of0Business0and0Industrial0Marketing+&,-1;5*1"7&)$:1$^&]5"*-+&JHHGNJH?H&
&
Journal0of0Issues0in0Intercollegiate0Athletics+&,-1;5*1"7&]5"*-+&JHHONJH?@&
0
Y5*;B&F#$*12"6&D521$;<&05*&DE5*;&U1%;5*<+&T$#\$*+&JH?JNJH?>0
&
Y5*;B&F#$*12"6&D521$;<&05*&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;+&T$#\$*+&?GGGNJHHJb&JHH@NJH??b&JH?>b&
DE56%5*%B1E&A5##1;;$$&JHHHNJHH?&
&
Y5*;B&F#$*12"6&D521$;<&05*&;B$&D521575V<&50&DE5*;+&T$#\$*+&JHHJ&
&
/B15&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&Z*5CE+&,8$2C;1:$&/0012$*+&JHHHNJHH?&
&
Sage0Publications+&F2"-$#12&)$:1$^&]5"*-+&JH?@&N&4*$%$6;0
Sport0Management0Education0Journal+&,-1;5*1"7&]5"*-+&JH?>NJH?K&
&
DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&F%%521";156+&T$#\$*+&JHH@N4*$%$6;&
&
Sport0Marketing0Quarterly+&,-1;5*1"7&]5"*-+0JHH?NJHH@&
0
'B$&.*"[$&Z*5CE+&T$#\$*+&JHH?NJHHOb&,8$2(&]5"*-&T$#\$*+&D$2*$;"*<c'*$"%C*$*3&JHHKN
JHHO&
&
The0Smart0Journal+&,-1;5*1"7&]5"*-+&JHHKN4*$%$6;&
0
'B$&DE5*;&"6-&)$2*$";156&_"^&F%%521";156+&T$#\$*+&JHHHNJHHQb&DE56%5*%B1E&A5##1;;$$&
JHH?NJHHJb&45712<&A5##1;;$$&JHH@NJHHK&
&
'12[$;&DC##1;+&T$-1"&A56%C7;"6;+&P"77&JH?J&
&
&
PFA9_'d&A/9)D,&XYD')9A'X/Y&
&
96-$*V*"-C";$&A5C*%$%&'"CVB;&
!
4,DD&JH?&a&X6;*5-C2;156&;5&DE5*;&X6-C%;*<&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
IDC##$*%+&JHH@+&JHHJ+&JHH?Lb&IP"77+&JHHH+&?GGGL&
&
4,DD&JJ?F&a&'$661%&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
IDC##$*%+&JHHQ+&JHH@+&JHHJ+&JHHHL&
&
4,DD&JQ@F&a&D50;\"77&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
IDC##$*+&JHHHL&
&
4,DD&JQ?&a&4*"2;12C#&16&DE5*;&D21$62$%&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
IDE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHHQLb&IP"77+&DE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHHKLb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&DE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHH@Lb&&&&&
IP"77+&DC##$*+&DE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHH>Lb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&DE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHHJLb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&
DE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHH?Lb&IP"77+&DE*16V+&JHHHL&
&
4,DD&>?>&a&DE5*;&A7C\&T"6"V$#$6;&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
IDC##$*+&JHHHLb&IP"77+&?GGGL&
&
4,DD&>OQ&a&F;B7$;12&P"2171;<&47"6616V&"6-&T"6"V$#$6;&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
IDC##$*+&h16;$*+&JHH@Lb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&h16;$*+&JHH>Lb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&h16;$*+&JHHJLb&
IP"77+&h16;$*+&JHH?Lb&IP"77+&DE*16V+&JHHHLb&IP"77+&?GGGL&
&
4,DD&>G?&a&)1%[&T"6"V$#$6;&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
Ih16;$*+&JHHQLb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&DE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHHKLb&IP"77+&JHH@Lb&Ih16;$*+&JHH?L&
&
4,DD&@H?&a&DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
Ih16;$*+&JHH?Lb&IDE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHHHL&
&
4,DD&@?J&a&DE5*;&Z5:$*6"62$&"6-&,;B12%&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
IP"77+&DE*16V+&JHH@Lb&IP"77+&DE*16V+&JHH>Lb&IP"77+&DE*16V+&JHHJLb&IP"77+&DE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHH?Lb&
IDC##$*+&DE*16V+&JHHHL&
&
4,DD&@>H&a&DE5*;&DE56%5*%B1E&"6-&_12$6%16V&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
Ih16;$*+&JHHQLb&IP"77+&h16;$*+&JHHKLb&Ih16;$*+&JHH@Lb&Ih16;$*+&JHH>Lb&Ih16;$*+&JHHJL&
&
4,DD&@@H&a&'12[$;&/E$*";156%&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
IDE*16V+&JHHQL&
&
4,DD&@GH&a&X6;$*6%B1E&16&DE5*;&D21$62$%&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
IDC##$*+&DE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHHQLb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&DE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHHKLb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&
JHHJLb&IDE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHH@Lb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&DE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHH>Lb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&DE*16V+&
h16;$*+&JHHJLb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&DE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHH?Lb&IP"77+&JHHHL&
&&&&&&&
DTZ'&@GO&a&DE5*;&D"7$%&h5*[%B5E&I_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<L&
IDE*16V&]+&JH??L&
&
DT'&J?K&a&DE5*;&'12[$;&D"7$%&"6-&/E$*";156%&I.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<L&
IP"77+&JH?@N/6716$Lb&IDE*16V+&JH?@N/6716$Lb&IP"77+&JH?JL&
&
DT'&JJK&]C-V$;16V&16&DE5*;&I.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<L&
Ih16;$*+&JH?@N/6716$Lb&Ih16;$*+&JH?>L&
&
DT'&J@H&/7<#E12&Z"#$%&
IDC##$*&JH?KN/6716$Lb&Ih16;$*&JH?KN/6716$Lb&IDE*16V+&JH?@N/6716$b&h16;$*&JH?@L&&
&
DT'&>HH&a&D;";%&16&DE5*;&I.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<L&
IP"77+&JH?@N/6716$Lb&IP"77+&DE*16V&JH?JL&
&
DT'&>JH&a&,2565#12&F%E$2;%&50&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&I.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<L&
IDE*16V+&JH?>L&
&
DT'&@H?&a&4*50$%%156"7&45*;05715&I.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<L&
Ih16;$*+&JH?>L&
&
D4T&J@O&a&X6;$*2577$V1";$&"6-&D2B57"%;12&DE5*;&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
IP"77+&JHHGL&
&
D4T&JOK&a&P5C6-";156%&50&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
IP"77+&JHHQL&
&
D4T&JMK&a&'12[$;&/E$*";156%&16&DE5*;%&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-&/6716$L&
IDE*16V+&JHHGb&h16;$*+&JHHM+&JHHOL&&
&
D4T&@QH&a&FEE71$-&DE5*;&D"7$%&"6-&T"*[$;16V&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
IDE*16V+&JH?HL&
&
Z*"-C";$&A5C*%$%&'"CVB;&
&
4,DD&Q@J&a&,;B12%&16&DE5*;&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
IDE*16V+&JHHQLb&IDE*16V+&h16;$*+&JHH@Lb&IDC##$*+&DE*16V+&JHH>Lb&IDC##$*+&JHH?L&
&
4,DD&Q@J&a&,;B12%&16&DE5*;&I/B15&961:$*%1;<&/6716$L&
IP"77+&JHHKLb&IP"77+&JHH@L&
&
DFPT&Q@K&a&P"2171;<&T"6"V$#$6;&"6-&4*5V*"##16V&I/B15&961:$*%1;<L&
IDE*16V+&JHHJLb&IDE*16V+&JHH?Lb&Ih16;$*+&JHHHL&
&
DFDT&QOH&a&P16"621"7&F-#161%;*";156&50&DE5*;&P"2171;1$%&"6-&4*5V*"#%&I/B15&961:(&/6716$L&
Ih16;$*+&JHHQL&
&
DTZ'&KH?&a&D521"7&X%%C$%&16&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&I_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<L&
IP"77&]&JH?HLb&IP"77&]&JH?H&/6716$Lb&IP"77&.&JH?H&/6716$Lb&IDE*16V&]+&.+&JH??&/6716$Lb&
IDC##$*&]+&.+&JH??&/6716$L&
&&&&&&
DTZ'&KHJ&a&DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&"6-&4C\712&)$7";156%&I_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<L&
IP"77&]&JH?H&/6716$Lb&IP"77&.&JH?HLb&IP"77&.&JH?H&/6716$Lb&IDE*16V&]+&.+&JH??&/6716$Lb&IP"77&] &
JH??&/6716$Lb&IDC##$*&]+&.+&JH??&/6716$Lb&IDE*16V&.+&JH?J&/6716$L&
&
DTZ'&KH>&a&,;B12%&16&DE5*;&I_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<L&
IDE*16V&.+&JH?J&/6716$L&
&
DTZ'&KH@&a&DE5*;&T161%;*<&I_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<L&
IDE*16V&.+&JH?J&/6716$L&
&
DTZ'&KHQ&a&,2565#12%&e&P16"621"7&T"6"V$#$6;&16&DE5*;&I_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<L&
IDE*16V&.+&JH?J&/6716$L&
&
DTZ'&Q>J&a&DE5*;&.$:$75E#$6;&e&D"7$%&I_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<L&
IDE*16V&]&JH?J&/6716$Lb&IDE*16V&.&JH??&/6716$Lb&IDC##$*&]+&.+&JH??&/6716$Lb&IP"77&]&JH??&
/6716$Lb&IDE*16V&]+&JH?J&/6716$Lb&IDC##$*&.+&JH?J&/6716$L&
&
DTZ'&QMG&a&'B$%1%&4*5E5%"7&"6-&)$%$"*2B&
IDE*16V&]&JH??L&
&
DTZ'&QGH&a&'B$%1%&.$0$6%$&
IDE*16V&.&JH??L&
&
DTZ'&QGO&a&DE5*;&D"7$%&h5*[%B5E&I_1\$*;<&961:$*%1;<L&
IDE*16V&]&JH??L&
&
DTZ'&QGG&a&X6;$*6%B1E&
IDE*16V&JH??Lb&IDC##$*&JH?JL&
&
DT'&QHO&a&DE5*;%&]C-V$;%&"6-&P1%2"7&4*"2;12$%&
IDE*16V&JH?KN/6716$L&
&
DT'&QHG&a&DE5*;&'12[$;&D"7$%&"6-&D;*";$V1$%&I.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<L&
IDE*16V&JH?>Lb&Ih16;$*&JH?KN/6716$L&
&
DT'&Q??&a&A5*E5*";$&DE56%5*%B1E&D"7$%&"6-&D;*";$V1$%& 16&DE5*;&
IDE*16V&JH?KN/6716$L&
&
DT'&QJJ&a&DE5*;&_"\5*&_"^&"6-&A577$2;1:$&]"*V"1616V&I.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<&/6716$L&
IDC##$*+&JH?>L&
&
DT'&Q@H&a&A56%C#$*&]$B":15*&16&DE5*;&I.*$8$7&961:$*%1;<&/6716$L&
IDC##$*+&JH?KLb&IDC##$*+&JH?@Lb&Ih16;$*+&DC##$*+&JH?>L&
&
DT'&QGG&a&4*5R$2;c)$%$"*2B&'B$%1%&
IDC##$*+&JH?@N/6716$L&
&
D4T&K?H&a&'B$&DE5*;&,6;$*E*1%$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
IP"77+&JHHG+&JHHM+&JHHO+&JHHQL&
&
D4T&K?H&a&'B$&DE5*;&,6;$*E*1%$&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-&/6716$L&
IDC##$*+&JHHGLb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&JHHMLb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&JHHOL&
&
D4T&KJG&a&,;B12%&16&DE5*;&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-&/6716$L&
IDC##$*+&JHHML&
&
D4T&KJG&a&D"7$%&D;*";$V1$%&16&DE5*;&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-&/6716$L&
IDC##$*+&JHHG+&JHHML&
&
D4T&K@O&a&X6;$*2577$V1";$&F;B7$;12%&T"6"V$#$6;&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
IDE*16V+&JH?HLb&IP"77+&DE*16V+&JHHGLb&IP"77+&DE*16V+&JHHMLb&IDE*16V+&JHHOL&
&
D4T&QKK&a&DE5*;&,:$6;&T"6"V$#$6;&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
IDE*16V+&JHHMb&DE*16V+&JHHOL&
&
D4T&QQH&a&DE5*;&T"*[$;16V&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
IP"77+&JHHQL&
&
D4T&QMJ&a&X6-$E$6-$6;&D;C-<&16&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
IDC##$*+&DE*16V+&JHHMLb&IP"77+&JHHOL&
&
D4T&QMK&a&X6;$*6%B1EcT"%;$*j%&4*5R$2;&ID9Yd&A5*;7"6-L&
IDE*16V+&JH?HLb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&DE*16V+&JHHGLb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&DE*16V+&JHHMLb&IP"77+&DC##$*+&
DE*16V+&JHHOL&
&
U/Y/)D&FY.&FhF).D&
&
JHHM&X6;$*6";156"7&'12[$;16V&F%%521";156&IXY'X`L&a&Y5#16";$-&05*&]5"*-&50&.1*$2;5*%&
&
JHHONJHHM&,82$77$62$&16&'$"2B16V&F^"*-(&D9Yd&A5*;7"6-&DE5*;&T"6"V$#$6;&.$E"*;#$6;&
&
JHHM&X6;$*6";156"7&'12[$;16V&F%%521";156&IXY'X`L&N&4*50$%%156"7&D$*:12$&F^"*-&
&
JHHO&X6;$*6";156"7&'12[$;16V&F%%521";156&IXY'X`L&a&Y5#16";$-&05*&]5"*-&50&.1*$2;5*%&
&
JHHJ&D1V#"&4B1&,E%1756&/B15&961:$*%1;<&/C;%;"6-16V&P"2C7;<&T$#\$*&
&
JHH?&D;C-$6;&F;B7$;$&F-:1%5*<&A5##1;;$$&IDFFAL&/C;%;"6-16V&P"2C7;<&T$#\$*+&/B15&
961:$*%1;<&
&
Y5#16";$-&05*&;B$&JHHHNJHH?&/C;%;"6-16V&'$"2B$*&F^"*-&16&;B$&A577$V$&50&U$"7;B&"6-&
UC#"6&D$*:12$%+&/B15&961:$*%1;<&
&
,"*6$-&;^5&DCE$*&]5^7&)16V%+&F-#161%;*";5*+&.$6:$*&]*5625%&P55;\"77&A7C\+&?GGQN?GGG&
&
F^"*-$-&Z*"-C";$&F%%1%;"6;%B1E+&P"77&?GGQ+&961:$*%1;<&50&Y5*;B$*6&A575*"-5&
&
F^"*-$-&Z*"-C";$&F%%1%;"6;%B1E%+&?GG@N?GGQ+&Z$5*V1"&D5C;B$*6&961:$*%1;<&
&
/#12*56&.$7;"&,E%1756NX6;7(&U565*&D521$;<&16&,2565#12%+&D;(&F6-*$^%&A577$V$+&?GMM&
&
,7$2;$-&A5NA"E;"16+&D;(&F6-*$^%&4*$%\<;$*1"6&A577$V$&]"%$\"77&'$"#+&P"77&?GMQ&
&
A,)'XPXAF'X/YD&
&
JHHMNJH?H(&'B$&D;";$&961:$*%1;<&50&Y$^&d5*[+&d5C;B&DE5*;%& X 6%;1;C;$+&A$*;101$-&d5C;B&
A5"2B+&_$:$7&X&
&
DE*16VcDC##$*&JHHG(&U5#$*&_1;;7$&_$"VC$+&A$*;101$-&d5C;B&]"%$\"77&A5"2B&
&
XY',)A/__,ZXF',&F'U_,'XAD&
!
]"%$\"77&'$"#+&D;(&F6-*$^%&4*$%\<;$*1"6&A577$V$+&?GM@N?GMKb&P"77&?GMQ&IA5NA"E;"16L&
&
'*"2[&e&P1$7-&'$"#+&D;(&F6-*$^%&4*$%\<;$*1"6&A577$V$+&?GMON?GMM&
&
&
&
kf$<&A5-$&05*&4C\712";156%&"6-&4*$%$6;";156%&1%&"%&05775^%3&
)&
)$0$*$$-&
Ac)&
A560$*$62$&*$0$*$$-&
A&
A560$*$62$&
]A&
]55[&2B"E;$*&
]&
]55[&
X&
X6:1;$-&
Dc)&
DC\#1;;$-&*$0$*$$-&
DcA&
DC\#1;;$-&2560$*$62$&
&
kkY5;$3&X6&"--1;156&;5&%$*:16V&"%&$-1;5*&50&;B$&;$8;\55[&'12[$;&/E$*";156%&"6-&D"7$%&
T"6"V$#$6;&16&DE5*;+&X&"7%5&"C;B5*$-+&5*&25N"C;B5*$-+&%18&50&;B$&?J&2B"E;$*%&16&;B$&\55[(&&