United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service
Grain: World Markets and Trade
Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board/USDA
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August 2024
Domestic Demand and Trade Restrictions Reduce India Grain Exports
India’s role as a key supplier to the global grains market has diminished over the past 3 years as strong
domestic demand and government policies keep domestic supplies within the country. From trade year
(TY) 2020/21 to 2023/24, corn exports are estimated to decline 86 percent, rice exports 20 percent, and
wheat exports 90 percent. India is exporting half the volume of grains compared to record shipments in
2021/22. Government ethanol policy and growing poultry demand for corn, export restrictions for
certain types of rice, and an export ban for wheat have all contributed to the change in India’s grain
trade environment and will continue to impact the outlook for 2024/25.
The largest shift in India grains trade is for corn. In 2023/24, India is on pace to lose its position as a net
exporter for the first time this century. A surge in demand for feed, primarily from India’s poultry sector,
along with domestic policy incentivizing corn for ethanol production have largely kept supplies in-
country and spurred India to begin importing for the first time since 2019/20. Additionally, a 15 percent
year over year decline in global corn prices have made Indian exports less competitive and further
supported favorably priced corn imports. The Coarse Grains Market Feature
highlights the outlook for
India corn trade and its impact on South and Southeast Asia trading partners.
India has been the largest exporter of rice over the past decade. The government’s decision to ban
exports of some types of rice (albeit with a considerable number of exemptions) and apply export taxes
to others has disrupted the global market. When India implemented the ban, rice prices spiked before
eventually easing as competitors increased exports. Despite large stocks, the ban on regular white rice
exports remains in place, prompting importers to shift to other suppliers such as Vietnam and Thailand.
The Rice Market Feature
highlights the impact of trade restrictive measures on India’s rice exports
overall.
India has had negligible wheat exports since it implemented an export ban on wheat grain in May 2022.
The ban was implemented to quell high prices, prioritize domestic consumption after a surge in exports
and a smaller crop, and stabilize stocks. With strong consumption, wheat ending stocks in 2023/24
dwindled to the lowest level in over 15 years. With little growth in supplies, flour millers have requested
a waiver of the wheat import tariff (40 percent) to enable imports. For more information on the India
grain situation, see the July 2024 India Grain and Feed Update
.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
MMT
India Corn Trade
(Oct/Sept)
Corn Imports Corn Exports
0
5
10
15
20
25
MMT
India Rice Trade
(Jan/Dec)
Rice Exports
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
MMT
India Wheat Trade
(July/June)
Wheat Imports Wheat Exports
TABLE OF CONTENTS
World Markets and Trade: Commodities and Data
WHEAT ........................................................................................................ 3
RICE ............................................................................................................. 7
COARSE GRAINS ......................................................................................... 11
ENDNOTES ................................................................................................. 15
DATA TABLES.............................................................................................. 18
The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD) database for
cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12:00 p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply and Demand
Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:15 p.m.
To download the tables in the publication, go to Production, Supply and Distribution Database (
PSD
Online): scroll down to Reports, and then click Grains.
FAS Reports and Databases:
Current World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports
Archived World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports
Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online)
Global Agricultural Trade System (U.S. Exports and Imports)
Export Sales Report
Global Agricultural Information Network (Agricultural Attaché Reports)
Other USDA Reports:
World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE)
Economic Research Service
National Agricultural Statistics Service
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
WHEAT
OVERVIEW FOR 2024/25
Record-high global production is forecast higher this month as upward revisions for Ukraine,
Kazakhstan, and Australia outweigh a cut to the European Union (EU) and the United States. Global
consumption is raised this month to above last year’s record on increased feed and residual use by the
EU, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine and increased food, seed, and industrial use (FSI) by Nigeria and Algeria.
Global trade is adjusted upward due in part to increased imports for the EU, Algeria, and Nigeria and
increased exports from Australia and Ukraine. Global stocks are adjusted up slightly from the prior
month, though still at the lowest level since 2015/16. The U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged
at $5.70 per bushel.
WHEAT PRICES
Domestic: U.S. quotes for all classes declined since the July WASDE, reflecting ongoing winter wheat
harvest pressure and extremely favorable spring wheat production prospects as indicated by the NASS
July production forecast. Soft Red Winter (SRW) dropped $11/ton to $218 and Hard Red Winter (HRW)
dropped $12/ton to $252 as the winter wheat harvest reached 88 percent complete. Hard Red Spring
(HRS) dipped $6/ton to $254 with the Wheat Quality Council crop tour in North Dakota producing record
yield results, confirming the NASS July production forecast. Soft White (SWW) fell just $2/ton to $236.
Note: Data as of August 9, 2024
Source: International Grains Council
*Note on FOB prices: HRW (Hard Red Winter); SRW (Soft Red Winter); SWW (Soft White Wheat); HRS (Hard Red Spring)
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
$/MT
U.S. Daily FOB Export Bids
HRW SRW SWW HRS
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
Global: Since the July WASDE, global exporter quotes were mixed as production concerns for many
major exporters were balanced by weak international demand. Australian quotes fell $16/ton with
increased competition from both Northern Hemisphere and Black Sea origins and low Chinese demand.
Canadian quotes dropped $13/ton, despite lower spring wheat condition ratings for Alberta and
Saskatchewan, with strong competition anticipated from U.S. Hard Red Spring wheat. U.S. quotes
dropped $12/ton with mounting harvest pressure. Argentine quotes dipped just $1/ton with planting
nearly complete. Meanwhile, despite favorable production forecasts from various sources, Russian
quotes increased $3/ton on weak farmer selling. EU quotes rose $7/ton with ongoing production and
quality concerns in France. FranceAgriMer cited the common wheat harvest at 67 percent complete
(compared to 86 percent in prior year) and the durum harvest at 88 percent complete (compared to 100
percent in prior year).
Argentina
Australia
EU
Russia
United States
$272 $282 $260 $242 $222 $252
Note: Data as of August 9, 2024
Source: International Grains Council
*Note on FOB prices: Argentina- 12.0%, up river; Australia- average of APW; Kwinana, Newcastle, and Port Adelaide; Russia -
Black Sea- milling; EU- France grade 1, Rouen; US- HRW 11.5% Gulf; Canada- CWRS (13.5%), Vancouver
150
170
190
210
230
250
270
290
310
330
350
$/MT
International Daily FOB Export Bids
Argentina Australia Canada EU Russia United States
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
MARKET FEATURE
EU Wheat Exports to Tumble in 2024/25
EU wheat exports in 2024/25 are forecast at
the lowest level in 3 years. As the second
largest global wheat exporter, key importing
markets will need to turn to alternative
suppliers. The primary driver is a smaller
wheat crop, which is down 5 percent from the
prior year on smaller harvested area
1
.
Notably, in key exporter France, wheat
production is anticipated to be down 20
percent from the prior year to the lowest
level in almost 4 decades. Exportable supplies
are further tightened given the lower carryin
stocks in the region.
Prolonged weather-related issues in France
have also reduced grain quality, reducing the
amount of milling wheat available. With
greater availability of feed-quality wheat and
a smaller corn crop, the demand for wheat
feed use within the EU is expected to remain
strong. EU feed and residual use is forecast up
1.5 million tons this month to 46.0 million.
The reduced harvest prospects for EU grains
have resulted in higher wheat export quotes
from France over the past month, with quotes
currently about 10 percent higher relative to
key competitor Russia and continuing to rise.
The EU, Russia, and Ukraine have traditionally
had lower priced exports and shipped to
price-conscious importers in the Middle East,
Africa, and Asia. Despite smaller crops in
Russia and Ukraine, exports from these
origins are expected to remain strong as
prices are competitive compared to EU
quotes. The EU will likely lose market share in
some of its top markets, including Morocco,
Algeria, Nigeria, and Egypt. Furthermore, with
favorable crop prospects in Canada and
United States, the EU will face additional
competition in top market China.
1
See the August 2024 World Agricultural Production report.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25
MMT
EU Wheat Production and Exports
Production Exports
150
170
190
210
230
250
270
290
$/MT
Wheat FOB Export Quotes
Russia Ukraine
Romania France
Source: International Grains Council
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 5 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
TRADE CHANGES IN 2024/25 (1,000 MT)
Country
Attribute
Previous
Current
Change
Reason
Algeria
Imports
8,500
9,000
500
Continued growth in FSI consumption
Chile
Imports
1,300
1,100
-200
Lower imports and FSI trends
European
Union
Imports
10,000
11,000
1,000
Smaller corn and wheat crops with
larger exports from key supplier
Ukraine
Iran
Imports
2,500
1,800
-700
Lower expected consumption
Kazakhstan
Imports
2,000
1,000
-1,000
Larger crop and ban on wheat
imports via all modes of transport
Nigeria
Imports
4,800
5,200
400
Suspension of import duty
Pakistan
Imports
300
100
-200
Import ban implemented
Thailand
Imports
3,000
3,300
300
Continued growth in FSI consumption
United
Kingdom
Imports
3,000
3,200
200
Smaller crop
Australia
Exports
22,000
23,000
1,000
Larger crop
Egypt
Exports
1,300
1,500
200
Strong demand for flour from several
African countries
European
Union
Exports
34,500
34,000
-500
Smaller crop and less milling wheat
supplies
Ukraine
Exports
13,000
14,000
1,000
Larger crop
TRADE CHANGES IN 2023/24 (1,000 MT) – based on trade data
Country
Attribute
Previous
Current
Change
Algeria
Imports
9,000
9,200
200
China
Imports
14,000
13,635
-365
European
Union
Imports
12,500
13,000
500
Indonesia
Imports
12,600
13,015
415
Iran
Imports
2,500
2,000
-500
Jordan
Imports
900
1,100
200
Nigeria
Imports
4,800
5,000
200
Thailand
Imports
3,100
3,316
216
Turkey
Imports
9,500
8,922
-578
United
Kingdom
Imports
2,800
3,000
200
Uzbekistan
Imports
4,000
3,800
-200
Australia
Exports
23,200
22,515
-685
European
Union
Exports
37,000
37,500
500
Kazakhstan
Exports
9,000
8,500
-500
Ukraine
Exports
18,100
18,400
300
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
RICE
OVERVIEW FOR 2024/25
Global rice production, trade, consumption, and stocks are forecast down this month driven by
decreased production for Vietnam. Imports are forecast down led by reductions in the Philippines and
Brazil. Export volumes are down mainly for Vietnam and Brazil. Global consumption is forecast down
slightly based on reductions in the Philippines, Kenya, and Vietnam. The global stocks forecast is
adjusted marginally lower with tighter stocks in Southeast Asia but remains slightly above the prior year.
OVERVIEW FOR 2023/24
Global production is estimated lower this month on reduced production in Burma, Malaysia, Vietnam,
and the Philippines more than offsetting an improved Brazil crop. Global trade is slightly up with
reductions from Brazil and Cambodia offset with increased shipments from Thailand. Global
consumption is adjusted up, mainly in Africa. Ending stocks are down with reduced supplies in Vietnam,
the Philippines, and Kenya.
RICE PRICES
Source: International Grains Council
Note on FOB quotes: Thai 100B, U.S. 4%, all others 5% broken white rice.
Since the July WASDE, major Asian exporters have experienced a narrowing of their price quote spread
as market volatility has subsided. Over the past month, U.S. prices decreased by $12 to $772/ton despite
continued demand from Latin America on expectations of a larger U.S crop. Uruguayan quotes
decreased $4 to $803/ton as purchases by Brazil and the EU declined. With the price quote spread
narrowing, Vietnam jumped $7 to $559/ton, while Thai increased slightly by $2 to $573/ton with only
limited demand from Indonesia and the Philippines. Pakistani quotes fell $33 to $555/ton due to slowing
demand from importers.
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
$/MT
Daily FOB Long Grain Rice Export Quotes: Last 12 Months
Pakistan Thailand Uruguay U.S. Vietnam
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
MARKET FEATURE
India White and Broken Rice Exports Tumble while Basmati Makes Gains
India, the largest rice exporter, has placed numerous restrictions on rice exports, including bans on both
broken rice (September 2022) and other (non-basmati non-parboiled) white rice (July 2023). These
restrictions have reduced India’s exports, which are down nearly 25 percent in the first half of the year
from the same time last year. The reduction in the banned types of rice is only partially offset by more
basmati and parboiled rice exports.
Broken rice has typically been a minor portion of India’s overall rice exports. However, exports spiked in
2021 and 2022 with stronger demand from Asia. Senegal is traditionally India’s largest market for
broken rice, but China and Vietnam began buying large quantities as broken rice was used as a partial
substitute for feed when other grains experienced inflated prices. Shortly after the ban on broken rice,
exports dropped sharply as trade with China and Vietnam came to a halt. So far in 2024 (January-May),
India has only exported 300,000 tons of broken rice, to Senegal and Indonesia. Vietnam has partly
compensated by buying more brown rice from India, which is not banned.
Similar to broken rice, exports for other white rice experienced a large increase in demand between
2021 and 2023 on competitive prices. Non-basmati non-parboiled rice exports exceeded 6.0 million tons
in 2023, accounting for 35 percent of India’s total rice exports. In July 2023, India banned exports of
white rice after concerns of insufficient domestic availability. Core markets within Africa are still
impacted, while some have been allowed to continue buying via government-to-government
agreements. Countries like Benin, Mozambique, and Madagascar, where India was the sole supplier,
have turned to buying from Pakistan and Thailand.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
12/1/2021
1/1/2022
2/1/2022
3/1/2022
4/1/2022
5/1/2022
6/1/2022
7/1/2022
8/1/2022
9/1/2022
10/1/2022
11/1/2022
12/1/2022
1/1/2023
2/1/2023
3/1/2023
4/1/2023
5/1/2023
6/1/2023
7/1/2023
8/1/2023
9/1/2023
10/1/2023
11/1/2023
12/1/2023
1/1/2024
2/1/2024
3/1/2024
4/1/2024
5/1/2024
Million MT
India Rice Exports by Type
Parboiled Basmati Other white Broken Paddy & Brown
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
In contrast to the decline in export volume for broken and non-parboiled/non-basmati white rice, India
has seen growth in basmati exports. Basmati rice is a premium fragrant rice and is not a substitute for
the other rice types. Basmati rice exports are not banned but are listed with a minimum export price. In
line with rising population, demand for basmati has jumped in core markets Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and
Yemen.
Parboiled rice, India’s largest class of rice export, has only been taxed and not banned, with exports
continuing to core markets like Nigeria. Parboiled exports nearly doubled in 2021 and have averaged
more than 7.6 million tons annually between 2021 and 2023. In 2021, Bangladesh imported more than
2.2 million tons of India parboiled rice to battle high domestic prices. With a larger crop, Bangladesh
imports have declined, but growing sales to Africa have nearly offset the loss. Some countries affected
by the India export bans, like Mozambique, have shifted to buying India parboiled rice.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Parboiled Basmati Other white Broken Paddy & Brown
Million MT
India Rice Exports (January-May)
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
TRADE CHANGES IN 2025 (1,000 MT)
Country
Attribute
Previous
Current
Change
Reason
Brazil
Imports
1,050
950
-100
Larger carry-over stocks
Philippines
Imports
4,700
4,600
-100
Consumption and ending stocks steady, local
production up despite reduced import duties
Brazil
Exports
1,300
1,200
-100
Continued competition in Western
Hemisphere
Vietnam
Exports
7,500
7,400
-100
Smaller crop
TRADE CHANGES IN 2024 (1,000 MT)
Country
Attribute
Previous
Current
Change
Reason
Brazil
Imports
1,300
1,100
-200
Larger crop
China
Imports
1,700
1,600
-100
Small purchases of India and Pakistan Rice
Kenya
Imports
1,150
1,000
-150
Lower than expected purchases to date
despite reduced customs duties
Malaysia
Imports
1,500
1,600
100
Increased purchases due to a smaller crop
Mozambique
Imports
750
850
100
Increased purchases from all origins and of
Indian parboiled rice
Philippines
Imports
4,700
4,600
-100
Slowing purchases of Vietnam rice
Vietnam
Imports
2,750
2,600
-150
Reduced buying of Cambodia rice
Brazil
Exports
1,300
1,100
-200
Uncompetitive prices
Cambodia
Exports
2,700
2,600
-100
Weak demand from Vietnam
Thailand
Exports
8,500
8,800
300
Increased sales to core markets in Africa and
Middle East
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 10 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
COARSE GRAINS
OVERVIEW FOR 2024/25
Global corn production is forecast down this month with reductions for the European Union, Russia,
Serbia, Ukraine, and Moldova more than offsetting an increase for the United States. Global trade is
forecast down as lower exports for Ukraine, Serbia, Russia, South Africa, the European Union, and
Paraguay more than offset an increase for the United States. Global imports are forecast down as
reduced forecasts for Iran, Vietnam, Chile, Egypt, and Nepal more than offset a raise to India. The U.S.
season-average farm price is down 10 cents to $4.20 per bushel.
OVERVIEW FOR 2023/24
Global corn production is forecast down this month as reductions for Argentina and Paraguay more than
offset an increase for Ukraine. Global trade is forecast up as higher exports for the United States,
Ukraine, and Pakistan more than offset cuts to Argentina and Paraguay. Global imports are forecast
down as reduced forecasts for the European Union, South Korea, and Canada more than offset a boost
to India. The U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged at $4.65 per bushel.
CORN PRICES
Source: International Grains Council
Export bids (fob, US$ per ton)
7-Aug-24
9-Jul-24
7-Aug-23
% change, ’23 - ‘24
Argentina, Up River
184
180
216
-15%
Brazil, Paranaguá
192
187
208
-7%
Ukraine
205
186
N/A
N/A
U.S. #3 Yellow Corn, Gulf
182
181
215
-15%
Since the July WASDE, export bids for all major exporters have increased. U.S. bids experienced the least
change, up just $1/ton to $182, and are currently the most price competitive on expectations of
plentiful supplies. For the week ending August 4, NASS estimates 67 percent of the corn crop to be in
good-to-excellent condition, compared to 68 percent a week prior and 57 percent a year ago. Ukrainian
bids were up $19/ton to $205. Hot, dry weather in Ukraine may be influencing supply expectations for
the upcoming crop. Brazilian bids were up $5/ton to $192 and Argentine bids were up $4/ton to $184.
Farmer sales and exports have been sluggish in both countries.
150
175
200
225
250
275
$/ton
Selected Export Bids, FOB
Argentina Brazil Ukraine U.S.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
MARKET FEATURE
Strong Domestic Corn Demand in India Curtails Exports as Imports Surge
A surge in domestic demand for corn in India has sharply curtailed exports and led to record imports for
TY 2023/24 (Oct-Sep). Driving factors for this rise in demand include government ethanol policy and a
growing poultry market. Historically, India has been a net exporter that supplies significant volumes of
corn to South and Southeast Asia. For the first time since 1999/00, India will import as much corn as it
exports.
India recently revised its 2018 National Policy on Biofuels to include corn as a feedstock, offering price
incentives for corn-based ethanol
2
. Sugar, India’s primary feedstock for ethanol, has faced government
restrictions in usage for ethanol following multiple years of low production, further incentivizing corn
feedstock. Ethanol manufacturers’ shift to corn as an alternative coincides with a 10 percent increase in
feed demand from India’s growing poultry sector. For the first time since 2019/20, India has imported
foreign corn from Ukraine and Burma, where non-GE corn cultivation meet India’s GE import
restrictions. Additionally, in June, India announced corn imports of 500,000 tons under a Tariff Rate
Quota (TRQ) at a 15 percent duty to satisfy this sharp rise in demand
3
.
High global supplies have facilitated a drop in
international corn prices in 2023/24. This has
dampened India corn exports as strong domestic
prices have incentivized traders to keep supplies
in-country. India has been a key exporter to
Vietnam, Nepal, and Bangladesh, exporting 2.8
million tons of corn in 2022/23, nearly a quarter of
the countries’ combined total corn imports.
However, exports from India to these countries
declined 86 percent in the first 8 months of
2023/24 year over year. In response to this drop-
off, countries shifted to other exporters or relied
further on domestic supplies.
2
India 2024 Biofuels Annual
3
India July Grain and Feed Update
0
1
2
3
4
2020/2021 2021/2022 2022/2023 2023/2024 2024/2025
MMT
India Corn Trade (Oct-Sep)
Imports Exports
0
5
10
15
20
25
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25
MMT
India Corn Consumption
Feed and Residual FSI Consumption
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
Domestic demand is expected to remain strong for 2024/25 amid ongoing demand from the ethanol and
feed sectors. India will attempt to meet its Ethanol Blending with Petrol Program (EBP) targets rates and
has not yet indicated when restrictions for sugar in ethanol will be lifted. Exports are projected 200,000
tons lower than 2023/24, representing a longer-term shift in the India’s trade environment as these
factors continue to persist.
TRADE CHANGES IN 2024/25 (1,000 MT)
Country
Commodity
Attribute
Previous
Current
Change
Reason
Chile
Corn
Imports
2,400
2,200
-200
Lower Paraguay exports
China
Sorghum
Imports
7,600
6,300
-1,300
Lower U.S. production
Egypt
Corn
Imports
8,000
7,800
-200
Lower Ukraine exports
European
Union
Barley
Exports
7,000
6,600
-400
Smaller crops
Corn
Exports
4,000
3,500
-500
India
Corn Exports 600 300 -300
Higher domestic
consumption
Corn Imports 0 300 300
Higher domestic
consumption
Iran
Corn
Imports
8,600
8,200
-400
Lower Russia exports
Kazakhstan Barley
Exports
1,300
1,500
200
Larger crop
Imports
500
300
-200
Nepal
Corn
Imports
500
300
-200
Lower India exports
Paraguay
Corn
Exports
3,200
2,700
-500
Smaller crop
Russia
Corn
Exports
4,600
4,200
-400
Smaller crop
Serbia
Corn
Exports
2,100
1,600
-500
Smaller crop
South Africa Corn Exports 3,400 3,000 -400
Higher domestic
consumption
Ukraine
Barley
Exports
2,200
2,400
200
Larger crop
Corn
Exports
24,500
24,000
-500
Smaller crop
United States
Corn Exports 56,000 58,000 2,000
Expectations of
competitiveness against
other exporters
Sorghum
Exports
5,900
4,600
-1,300
Smaller crop
Vietnam Corn Imports 12,000 11,700 -300
Lower South Africa, Russia
exports
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
TRADE CHANGES IN 2023/24 (1,000 MT) - based on trade data
Country
Commodity
Attribute
Previous
Current
Change
Argentina
Barley
Exports
3,300
3,100
-200
Corn
Exports
35,000
33,000
-2,000
Australia
Barley
Exports
7,200
7,400
200
Canada
Corn
Imports
3,200
3,000
-200
European
Union
Corn Imports 20,500 19,500 -1,000
India
Corn
Imports
200
500
300
Indonesia
Corn
Imports
1,400
1,600
200
Korea, South
Corn
Imports
11,600
11,300
-300
Mexico
Corn
Imports
22,000
22,500
500
Pakistan
Corn
Exports
500
900
400
Paraguay
Corn
Exports
3,400
3,100
-300
Russia
Corn
Exports
6,000
6,200
200
Ukraine
Corn
Exports
28,000
29,500
1,500
United States
Corn
Exports
55,500
57,000
1,500
Sorghum
Exports
6,200
6,000
-200
Zimbabwe
Corn
Imports
800
1,100
300
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 14 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
ENDNOTES
REGIONAL TABLES
North America: Canada, Mexico, the United States
Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
Caribbean: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago
South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname,
Uruguay, Venezuela
EU: Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden. Effective January 1, 2021, the separation of
the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) was complete, including trade between both
entities. Starting in May 2021 with the release of 2021/22 data, grain PSDs reflect EU27 (shown in the
PSD system as “European Union”) and UK separately. Beginning with the release of 2021/22 data,
historical data for both EU27 and the UK are provided for 5 years (2016/17 through 2020/21). See below
for notes on prior years’ EU Consolidated data.
Other Europe: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslavia, Gibraltar, Iceland, North
Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland, United Kingdom
Former Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia,
Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Middle East: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Sub-Saharan Africa: all African countries except North Africa
East Asia: China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Macau, Mongolia, Taiwan
South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Southeast Asia: Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand,
Vietnam
Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 15 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
OTHER NOTES
Marketing Years (MY): MY refers to the 12-month period at the onset of the main harvest, when the
crop is marketed (i.e., consumed, traded, or stored). The year first listed begins a country's MY for that
commodity (2022/23 starts in 2022); except for summer grains in certain Southern Hemisphere
countries and for rice in selected countries, where the second year begins the MY (2022/23 starts in
2023). Key exporter MY’s are:
Wheat
Corn
Barley
Sorghum
Argentina (Dec/Nov)
Argentina (Mar/Feb)
Australia (Nov/Oct)
Argentina (Mar/Feb)
Australia (Oct/Sep)
Brazil (Mar/Feb)
Canada (Aug/Jul)
Australia (Mar/Feb)
Canada (Aug/Jul)
Russia (Oct/Sep)
European Union (Jul/Jun)
United States (Sep/Aug)
China (Jul/Jun)
South Africa (May/Apr)
Kazakhstan (Jul/Jun)
European Union (Jul/Jun)
Ukraine (Oct/Sep)
Russia (Jul/Jun)
India (Apr/Mar)
United States (Sep/Aug)
Ukraine (Jul/Jun)
Kazakhstan (Sep/Aug)
United States (Jun/May)
Russia (Jul/Jun)
Turkey (Jun/May)
Ukraine (Jul/Jun)
United States (Jun/May)
For a complete list of local marketing years, please see the FAS website
(https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/
): go to Reports, Reference Data, and then Data Availability.
Prices: Many export bids and quotes in this publication are Free-On Board (FOB). FOB is a term of sale
meaning that the shipper will pay all costs to deliver and load the cargo at a specified place, usually a ship,
and then the receiver pays the costs from there on — normally the ocean freight and all subsequent costs
of unloading and delivery. All references to ton, unless otherwise specified, refer to metric tons – 2204.62
U.S. pounds/1,000 kilograms.
Stocks: Unless otherwise stated, stock data are based on an aggregate of differing local marketing years
and should not be construed as representing world stock levels at a fixed point in time.
Consumption: World totals for consumption reflect total utilization, including food, seed, industrial,
feed, and waste; as well as differences in local marketing year imports and local marketing year exports.
Consumption statistics for regions and individual countries, however, reflect food, seed, industrial, feed,
and waste only.
Trade: All PSD tables are balanced on the different local marketing years. All trade tables contain Trade
Year (TY) data which puts all countries on a uniform, 12-month period for analytical comparisons: wheat
is July/June; coarse grains, corn, barley, sorghum, oats, and rye are Oct/Sept; and rice is calendar year
(TY 2022/23 corresponds to Jan – Dec 2023).
EU Consolidation:
Effective January 1, 2021, the separation of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) was
complete, including trade between both entities. Starting in May 2021 with the release of 2021/22 data,
field crops PSDs reflect EU27 (shown in the PSD system as “European Union”) and UK separately.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
Beginning with the release of 2021/22 data, historical data for both EU27 and the UK are provided for 5
years (2016/17 through 2020/21). The trade figures starting from 1999/00 through 2015/16 represents
the European Union (EU27 plus UK) and excludes all intra-trade. For the years 1960/61 through
1998/99, figures are the EU-15 and also exclude all intra-trade. EU-15 member states' data for grains are
no longer maintained in the official USDA database. Data for the individual NMS-10, plus Bulgaria,
Romania, and Croatia, exists only prior to 1999/00.
Statistics: (1) Wheat trade statistics include wheat (1001), flour (1101), bulgur (190430), and selected
pasta products (190219, 190230, and 190240) on a grain-equivalent basis (all wheat flour and products
are multiplied by 1.368). (2) Rice trade statistics include rough (100610), brown (100620), milled
(100630), and broken (100640) on a milled-equivalent basis (rough rice is multiplied by 0.7 and brown
rice is multiplied by 0.875). (3) Coarse grains statistics include corn, barley, sorghum, oats, rye, millet,
and mixed grains but exclude trade in barley malt, millet, and mixed grains.
Unaccounted: This term includes grain in transit, reporting discrepancies in some countries, and trade
to countries outside the USDA database.
The Global Commodity Analysis Division, Global Market Analysis, Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA,
Washington, DC 20250, prepared this publication. Information is gathered from official statistics of
foreign governments and other foreign source materials, reports of U.S. agricultural attachés and
Foreign Service officers, office research, and related information. Further information may be obtained
by writing the Division or calling (202) 720-3448.
Note: For further details on world grain production, please see World Agricultural Production
2024.
This publication is available in its entirety on the Internet via the Foreign Agricultural Service Home
Page. The address is:
http://www.fas.usda.gov
Hannah Austin (202) 456-7890 Hannah.Austin@usda.gov Wheat
Amy Gaito (202) 772-4890 Amy@[email protected] Wheat
Rachel Trego (202) 720-1073 Rac[email protected] Wheat/Rice
Adolfo Escoto (202) 235-7550 Adolfo.Escoto@usda.gov Rice
Samuel Driggers (202) 720-1073 Samuel.Drigg[email protected] Rice
Eric Gero (202) 869-9092 Eric.G[email protected] Coarse Grains
Nigel Hunter (202) 720-8096 Nigel.Hunter@usda.gov Coarse Grains
Kevin Min (202) 720-0626 Kevin.Min[email protected] Coarse Grains
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
DATA TABLES
Page Intentionally Left Blank
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
All Grain Summary Comparison
Million Metric Tons
Marketing Year
Wheat Rice, Milled Corn
2024/252023/242022/232024/252023/242022/232024/252023/242022/23
Production
United States (Jun-May)
44.9 49.3 53.9 5.1 6.9 7.0 346.7 389.7 384.7
Other
744.1 740.4 744.4 510.9 513.5 520.7 813.0 834.1 835.1
World Total
789.0 789.7 798.3 516.0 520.4 527.7 1,159.7 1,223.8 1,219.8
Domestic Consumption
United States (Jun-May)
30.3 30.2 30.9 4.6 5.0 5.1 305.9 320.4 321.7
Other
751.5 768.1 766.7 517.3 515.0 518.3 857.9 885.4 890.9
World Total
781.8 798.3 797.6 521.9 520.0 523.4 1,163.8 1,205.8 1,212.6
Ending Stocks
United States (Jun-May)
15.5 19.1 22.5 1.0 1.2 1.4 34.6 47.4 52.7
Other
255.9 243.3 234.1 178.7 175.5 176.0 268.2 261.1 257.5
World Total
271.4 262.4 256.6 179.7 176.7 177.4 302.8 308.5 310.2
TY Imports
United States (Jun-May)
3.3 3.8 3.0 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.7
Other
208.8 215.5 205.6 49.9 51.2 50.0 172.3 188.6 185.7
World Total
212.1 219.3 208.6 51.3 52.6 51.5 173.3 189.3 186.4
TY Exports
United States (Jun-May)
20.3 19.6 22.5 2.4 3.2 3.2 42.8 57.0 58.0
Other
197.4 204.1 192.4 50.9 52.0 50.9 138.0 142.3 135.1
World Total
217.7 223.7 214.9 53.3 55.2 54.1 180.8 199.3 193.1
Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and exports
and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere. Marketing years for U.S. grains are: Wheat
(Jun-May), Rice (Aug-Jul), Corn (Sep-Aug).'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat only.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade
July/June Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
TY Exports
48,00048,00055,50049,00033,00039,100 Russia
34,00034,50037,50035,07931,92729,736 European Union
25,00025,00025,66425,33415,01027,722 Canada
23,00022,00022,51532,32925,95819,720 Australia
14,00013,00018,40017,12218,84416,851 Ukraine
11,50011,5007,2824,68117,6519,597 Argentina
10,50010,5008,5009,8628,4558,128 Kazakhstan
8,5008,5009,9916,9536,6466,571 Turkey
3,0003,0002,8122,6893,105911 Brazil
1,8001,8001,7001,1191,394974 Uzbekistan
13,05212,58714,24213,23421,84813,672 Others
192,352190,387204,106197,402183,838172,982 Subtotal
22,50022,50019,59420,27921,34726,636 United States
214,852212,887223,700217,681205,185199,618 World Total
none
TY Imports
12,00012,00013,63513,2829,56810,618 China
12,00012,00012,00011,22111,25612,149 Egypt
12,00012,00013,0159,44611,2719,995 Indonesia
11,00010,00013,00012,1934,6315,390 European Union
9,0008,5009,2008,7008,5007,680 Algeria
8,0008,0008,92212,5009,5558,051 Turkey
7,5007,5006,0005,7704,7265,191 Morocco
6,5006,5006,5005,1206,3407,200 Bangladesh
6,0006,0006,5005,7436,8866,105 Philippines
5,6005,6005,9214,9856,5826,359 Brazil
5,6005,6005,2885,2325,3264,724 Mexico
5,3005,3005,3465,4525,6055,493 Japan
5,2004,8005,0004,7326,1876,586 Nigeria
4,5004,5004,4004,3504,0003,700 Afghanistan
4,5004,5005,0004,3174,5173,900 Vietnam
4,4004,4004,9904,5335,0993,889 Korea, South
4,3004,3003,8004,2693,3183,546 Uzbekistan
3,9003,9004,0004,1573,4424,058 Yemen
3,6003,6004,1005,2603,0522,773 Saudi Arabia
3,3003,0003,3163,1632,3513,306 Thailand
3,2003,0003,0002,0162,6353,033 United Kingdom
2,6002,6002,6002,3002,0422,092 Kenya
2,4002,4002,7503,9862,5762,175 Iraq
2,4002,4002,3002,2762,3812,064 Sudan
2,1002,0001,9502,0362,0571,906 Colombia
58,74059,54563,03361,76665,29159,937 Others
205,640203,945215,566208,805199,194191,920 Subtotal
6,2125,9424,3555,6073,2605,012 Unaccounted
3,0003,0003,7793,2692,7312,686 United States
214,852212,887223,700217,681205,185199,618 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 20 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
Production
140,000140,000136,590137,723136,946134,250 China
128,000130,000134,865134,293138,479126,684 European Union
114,000114,000110,554104,000109,586107,860 India
83,00083,00091,50092,00075,15885,352 Russia
35,00035,00031,95434,33522,42235,437 Canada
31,40031,40028,16126,20927,46425,248 Pakistan
30,00029,00026,00040,54536,23731,923 Australia
21,60019,50023,00021,50033,00725,420 Ukraine
19,00019,00021,00017,25016,00018,250 Turkey
18,00018,00015,85012,55022,15017,640 Argentina
16,00014,50012,11116,40411,81414,256 Kazakhstan
14,50014,50014,00013,20012,00015,000 Iran
10,85010,85013,98015,54013,9889,658 United Kingdom
9,5009,5008,10010,5547,6796,235 Brazil
9,2009,2008,8709,5009,8429,102 Egypt
64,29864,07863,82058,51362,82860,867 Others
744,348741,528740,355744,116735,600723,182 Subtotal
53,93054,65949,31444,89844,80449,523 United States
798,278796,187789,669789,014780,404772,705 World Total
none
Total Consumption
151,000151,000153,500148,000148,000155,000 China
113,000113,000112,356108,676109,882102,217 India
110,250109,250111,000109,000108,250104,750 European Union
38,75038,75040,50041,00041,75042,500 Russia
31,20031,20030,20029,00027,70026,300 Pakistan
20,20020,20019,80020,20020,10020,600 Turkey
20,10020,30020,50020,55020,50020,500 Egypt
17,10017,30017,30018,10018,20017,400 Iran
14,00014,00015,30015,00015,32413,240 United Kingdom
11,95011,65011,75011,57011,37011,150 Algeria
11,90011,90012,00011,85011,75011,800 Brazil
11,60011,40011,3009,80010,50010,100 Indonesia
10,10010,10010,00010,00010,50010,300 Morocco
9,6009,6009,1008,5008,2508,200 Afghanistan
9,3009,3009,2009,44710,1489,100 Canada
186,591183,941184,289180,801186,161183,826 Others
773,098769,078768,525760,256760,939755,936 Subtotal
30,91730,86230,22730,33130,41130,185 United States
804,015799,940798,752790,587791,350786,121 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
134,503134,508134,503138,818136,759139,120 China
10,15310,93815,40316,03813,63110,698 European Union
8,5008,5007,5009,50019,50027,800 India
6,7386,73810,18814,38812,08811,380 Russia
5,2715,1715,2265,0814,3514,724 Algeria
4,4674,6674,9673,9194,5303,056 Pakistan
4,3544,3044,2043,5042,0022,429 Saudi Arabia
60,11159,10261,26164,69361,79961,753 Others
234,097233,928243,252255,941254,660260,960 Subtotal
22,52523,30919,10715,50118,35523,001 United States
256,622257,237262,359271,442273,015283,961 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Jul
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
TY Imports none
7,959 North America 8,615 9,046 9,624 9,150 9,150
2,171 Central America 2,130 2,044 2,188 2,290 2,290
15,292 South America 14,789 13,035 14,202 13,990 13,940
5,390 European Union 4,631 12,193 13,000 10,000 11,000
4,611 Other Europe 4,413 3,630 4,743 4,710 4,925
8,925 Former Soviet Union - 12 10,577 13,472 10,870 11,330 10,180
27,125 Middle East 35,009 38,224 30,132 28,870 28,170
28,246 North Africa 27,477 29,209 30,750 31,400 31,900
26,731 Sub-Saharan Africa 26,831 24,233 27,912 26,900 28,475
22,206 East Asia 22,166 25,079 26,024 23,820 23,840
16,437 South Asia 13,945 13,388 15,763 12,925 12,725
26,042 Southeast Asia 27,957 25,196 30,503 28,215 28,565
3,471 Others 3,385 3,325 3,634 3,345 3,480
194,606 Total 201,925 212,074 219,345 206,945 208,640
Production none
87,947 North America 70,510 82,844 84,744 92,459 91,730
27,627 South America 33,424 27,055 28,188 31,690 31,690
126,684 European Union 138,479 134,293 134,865 130,000 128,000
14,185 Other Europe 18,856 20,450 19,044 15,490 15,490
139,464 Former Soviet Union - 12 133,980 143,924 140,983 131,970 135,790
41,572 Middle East 34,457 36,234 44,170 43,892 43,892
16,014 North Africa 21,277 17,238 16,371 16,050 16,050
9,409 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,646 9,403 9,462 9,597 9,597
135,744 East Asia 138,736 139,288 138,296 141,734 141,734
141,601 South Asia 144,299 137,257 147,075 153,790 153,790
32,377 Oceania 36,660 40,948 26,391 29,435 30,435
81 Others 80 80 80 80 80
772,705 Total 780,404 789,014 789,669 796,187 798,278
Domestic Consumption none
46,435 North America 47,984 47,578 47,327 47,962 48,017
29,578 South America 29,482 29,695 30,175 30,115 30,005
104,750 European Union 108,250 109,000 111,000 109,250 110,250
18,500 Other Europe 20,534 20,160 20,725 19,345 19,345
78,220 Former Soviet Union - 12 77,610 76,260 75,235 72,745 73,915
63,222 Middle East 63,240 63,661 63,545 64,905 64,745
46,520 North Africa 46,920 46,720 46,730 46,700 46,800
34,708 Sub-Saharan Africa 35,483 33,500 35,098 35,173 36,333
167,368 East Asia 161,359 160,615 166,364 163,553 163,573
148,551 South Asia 157,627 156,113 162,196 164,755 164,755
26,040 Southeast Asia 26,595 25,280 27,490 26,810 27,280
9,460 Oceania 10,015 9,665 8,665 8,610 8,710
3,816 Others 3,697 3,578 3,772 3,830 3,830
777,168 Total 788,796 781,825 798,322 793,753 797,558
Ending Stocks none
29,207 North America 22,532 19,770 21,654 26,988 26,222
6,458 South America 4,808 7,473 7,068 6,883 6,756
10,698 European Union 13,631 16,038 15,403 10,938 10,153
2,377 Other Europe 2,919 3,975 5,050 3,838 4,205
17,775 Former Soviet Union - 12 22,644 25,138 16,538 13,466 13,583
16,309 Middle East 14,216 17,907 18,990 17,217 16,947
11,946 North Africa 12,719 12,149 10,595 10,145 10,145
4,443 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,279 3,737 4,874 4,567 5,368
141,907 East Asia 139,716 141,687 137,671 137,731 137,762
34,207 South Asia 26,145 14,658 14,376 15,151 14,951
4,646 Southeast Asia 4,777 3,384 5,210 5,171 5,305
3,326 Oceania 3,848 4,687 3,941 4,108 4,141
662 Others 781 839 989 1,034 1,084
283,961 Total 273,015 271,442 262,359 257,237 256,622
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Rice Trade
January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
TY Exports
18,00018,00017,00017,73322,12221,240 India
7,5007,5008,8008,7367,6826,283 Thailand
7,4007,5008,3008,2257,0546,272 Vietnam
5,6005,6006,1004,5284,5623,928 Pakistan
2,9002,9002,6002,5002,3502,350 Cambodia
1,8001,8002,0001,5772,3351,900 Burma
1,5001,5001,5001,6022,1722,407 China
1,2001,3001,0001,2081,445782 Brazil
1,0001,000875991982704 Uruguay
850850800857752640 Paraguay
450450465399338406 Guyana
425425300293402400 Argentina
400400360365402412 European Union
27027026024820772 Australia
250250300258227241 Turkey
1,3691,3291,4101,3751,5751,690 Others
50,91451,07452,07050,89554,60749,727 Subtotal
3,2253,2253,1702,3972,1902,950 United States
54,13954,29955,24053,29256,79752,677 World Total
none
TY Imports
4,6004,7004,6003,9003,8002,950 Philippines
2,9502,9502,6002,7502,3502,300 Vietnam
2,2002,2002,2002,1702,4901,862 European Union
2,0002,0002,0002,0002,4002,100 Nigeria
1,9001,9002,2001,8452,1241,315 Iraq
1,7001,7001,6001,4871,3241,157 Saudi Arabia
1,5001,5001,6002,5976,1554,921 China
1,5001,5003,5003,500740650 Indonesia
1,5001,4501,4501,3131,5601,450 Cote d'Ivoire
1,5001,5001,4501,3001,5001,250 Senegal
1,3751,3751,6001,4101,2401,160 Malaysia
1,1501,1501,1001,2211,0341,000 South Africa
1,1001,1001,1007511,250880 Iran
1,0001,0001,000870850940 Guinea
9501,0501,100982826685 Brazil
9509508759001,025775 United Arab Emirates
860840850734796759 Mexico
850850850767706600 Burkina Faso
8008001,000936675620 Kenya
800775850740685705 Mozambique
7006507258106201,050 Ghana
700700680667638604 United Kingdom
690690685709669662 Japan
650650600480610500 Somalia
600600650400600600 Cameroon
15,46715,50714,32214,70217,73417,957 Others
49,99250,08751,18749,94154,40149,452 Subtotal
2,6722,7372,6281,9911,0812,247 Unaccounted
1,4751,4751,4251,3601,315978 United States
54,13954,29955,24053,29256,79752,677 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: 2016/17 is calendar year 2017, 2017/18 is calendar year 2018, and so on.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
Milled Production
146,000146,000144,620145,946148,990148,300 China
138,000138,000137,000135,755129,471124,368 India
38,00038,00037,00036,35035,85034,600 Bangladesh
34,00034,00033,02033,90034,40034,500 Indonesia
26,50027,00026,62527,14026,67027,381 Vietnam
20,10020,10020,00020,90919,87818,863 Thailand
12,70012,70012,32512,62512,54012,416 Philippines
12,10012,10011,90011,80012,40012,600 Burma
10,00010,0009,8697,3229,3238,420 Pakistan
7,5007,5007,2256,8227,3378,001 Brazil
7,3777,3777,1746,9636,5616,271 Cambodia
7,2007,2007,2727,4807,6367,570 Japan
5,4815,4815,3555,3555,2555,148 Nigeria
3,6003,6003,7803,6002,9004,000 Egypt
3,6003,6003,5303,6543,4173,744 Nepal
48,54248,47646,79345,32745,12645,884 Others
520,700521,134513,488510,948507,754502,066 Subtotal
7,0097,0396,9315,0826,0667,205 United States
527,709528,173520,419516,030513,820509,271 World Total
none
Consumption and Residual
145,000145,000148,115154,994156,360150,293 China
120,000120,000117,500114,510110,446101,052 India
38,00038,00037,60037,30036,50036,100 Bangladesh
36,50036,50036,00035,60035,30035,400 Indonesia
22,00022,10022,00021,90021,90021,700 Vietnam
17,30017,50016,60016,10015,40014,800 Philippines
12,60012,60012,50012,50012,50012,400 Thailand
10,20010,20010,10010,20010,30010,400 Burma
7,9507,9508,0008,1508,2008,200 Japan
7,6007,6007,5007,5007,3507,150 Nigeria
7,1006,9507,1007,0007,1507,350 Brazil
4,5004,5004,4504,4504,4004,400 Cambodia
4,1004,1004,0003,9253,9003,700 Pakistan
4,0754,1504,0504,0004,0504,300 Egypt
4,0004,0003,8554,2494,4124,969 Nepal
77,40477,28175,67274,94473,04471,376 Others
521,883522,190518,463515,396513,651498,386 Subtotal
5,0805,0804,9854,5964,7404,841 United States
526,963527,270523,448519,992518,391503,227 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
104,000104,000103,000106,600113,000116,500 China
38,50038,50038,50035,00034,00037,000 India
4,2204,2205,2204,7002,9003,060 Indonesia
3,6033,6783,6033,3783,1032,363 Philippines
2,7492,8492,6493,8494,1264,380 Thailand
1,9181,9181,8282,4092,0911,458 Bangladesh
1,7111,7111,8302,1752,0451,690 Nigeria
19,34819,75018,84020,64521,15320,412 Others
176,049176,626175,470178,756182,418186,863 Subtotal
1,3851,4621,2189611,2611,387 United States
177,434178,088176,688179,717183,679188,250 World Total
Note: All data are reported on a milled basis.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 24 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Jul
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
TY Imports none
2,147 North America 2,635 2,567 2,750 2,815 2,835
992 Caribbean 1,021 1,040 1,005 1,005 1,005
1,803 South America 1,815 1,936 2,140 2,065 1,965
714 Other Europe 729 749 780 810 810
587 Former Soviet Union - 12 666 570 620 590 590
6,205 Middle East 7,947 7,217 7,920 7,975 7,975
610 North Africa 863 731 705 880 880
15,935 Sub-Saharan Africa 17,004 15,558 16,095 16,195 16,295
6,562 East Asia 7,738 4,100 3,275 3,150 3,150
4,414 South Asia 3,082 1,382 1,080 1,525 1,510
7,749 Southeast Asia 8,698 12,180 12,942 11,205 11,105
1,862 European Union 2,490 2,170 2,200 2,200 2,200
50,430 Total 55,716 51,301 52,612 51,562 51,467
Production none
7,406 North America 6,247 5,225 7,081 7,199 7,169
886 Caribbean 885 841 862 885 885
17,308 South America 16,529 15,983 16,700 17,375 17,375
1,826 European Union 1,732 1,287 1,380 1,716 1,716
1,397 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,339 1,177 1,314 1,326 1,392
2,900 Middle East 2,723 2,607 2,560 2,860 2,860
4,042 North Africa 2,945 3,642 3,825 3,645 3,645
19,959 Sub-Saharan Africa 20,078 21,400 21,938 22,306 22,306
162,001 East Asia 162,961 159,653 158,087 159,365 159,365
174,807 South Asia 181,065 186,175 191,001 193,370 193,370
115,732 Southeast Asia 116,077 116,988 114,585 116,998 116,498
509,271 Total 513,820 516,030 520,419 528,173 527,709
Domestic Consumption none
6,213 North America 6,158 5,984 6,410 6,545 6,550
1,336 Central America 1,406 1,403 1,463 1,493 1,498
1,945 Caribbean 1,859 1,939 1,665 1,863 1,860
14,975 South America 14,915 14,712 14,908 14,830 14,980
3,400 European Union 3,500 3,300 3,250 3,350 3,350
1,703 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,714 1,590 1,763 1,770 1,796
9,194 Middle East 9,637 9,807 10,035 10,450 10,455
4,625 North Africa 4,359 4,329 4,605 4,675 4,600
34,490 Sub-Saharan Africa 35,736 37,802 37,347 38,302 38,312
165,430 East Asia 171,385 169,913 163,280 159,830 159,830
149,758 South Asia 159,193 163,945 167,105 170,295 170,370
104,251 Southeast Asia 104,965 106,039 107,006 108,881 108,581
498,431 Total 515,952 521,918 520,027 523,511 523,409
Ending Stocks none
1,591 North America 1,404 1,049 1,321 1,545 1,508
237 Central America 231 324 305 297 290
327 Caribbean 340 367 451 476 476
2,858 South America 2,311 1,877 2,058 2,118 2,193
682 European Union 905 811 681 847 847
1,483 Middle East 1,733 1,935 1,880 2,015 2,010
1,159 North Africa 613 600 550 470 470
3,319 Sub-Saharan Africa 4,038 4,666 4,298 4,087 4,132
119,971 East Asia 116,721 110,305 106,347 107,207 107,207
40,730 South Asia 39,290 40,019 42,486 42,717 42,717
15,571 Southeast Asia 15,538 17,325 15,871 15,848 15,118
86 Oceania 240 196 201 211 211
188,250 Total 183,679 179,717 176,688 178,088 177,434
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 25 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Coarse Grain Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
TY Exports
51,08551,08551,13553,30731,93827,504 Brazil
41,40041,40037,20129,44844,41840,977 Argentina
26,47026,77031,85329,76529,89529,049 Ukraine
10,37011,27011,35511,05212,81212,553 European Union
8,4759,00012,46011,5157,3759,871 Russia
8,4108,3609,41010,50011,1099,705 Australia
5,6305,6305,8307,8515,5527,219 Canada
3,0203,4202,6303,6263,8412,756 South Africa
2,7353,2353,1404,0063,2082,564 Paraguay
1,8001,7001,8002,0002,3002,600 Burma
9,34310,09311,98512,47214,00614,885 Others
168,738171,963178,799175,542166,454159,683 Subtotal
62,71062,01063,13645,90070,39475,623 United States
231,448233,973241,935221,442236,848235,306 World Total
none
TY Imports
39,95041,25045,45032,61941,49950,531 China
22,77522,77523,33520,29718,49817,301 Mexico
19,57019,55021,64025,63921,56715,820 European Union
16,91016,91016,96516,45016,50616,972 Japan
12,20012,50011,85010,1229,65311,947 Vietnam
11,89811,89811,41711,22811,61711,804 Korea, South
10,00010,40010,0008,00010,30210,902 Iran
7,8708,0707,5076,2389,7719,653 Egypt
6,9506,9506,8306,6976,8466,132 Colombia
6,8056,8055,5106,3948,7789,128 Saudi Arabia
5,6055,6055,6054,2363,9655,004 Algeria
4,7754,7754,6804,2694,6444,472 Taiwan
3,8503,8503,7503,4953,6463,851 Peru
3,7303,7303,6803,4763,6973,726 Malaysia
3,5563,5563,8062,9792,7242,937 Morocco
2,7912,7913,0982,2966,3411,871 Canada
2,5902,5902,7162,1662,6372,695 United Kingdom
2,2702,4702,4802,4302,5642,557 Chile
2,1052,1053,1574,3605,8613,395 Turkey
1,9151,9152,0752,3534,0642,679 Brazil
1,8001,8001,7001,6181,5741,358 Guatemala
1,7001,7001,4001,8631,9561,180 Jordan
1,7001,7001,6001,5871,7952,004 Tunisia
1,6001,6001,8001,9651,5682,881 Thailand
1,5501,5501,4001,5431,3951,725 Libya
24,23624,30025,26923,84325,68524,494 Others
220,701223,145228,720208,163229,153227,019 Subtotal
8,2728,35310,7149,9255,0435,758 Unaccounted
2,4752,4752,5013,3542,6522,529 United States
231,448233,973241,935221,442236,848235,306 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
Production
300,300300,300297,142285,704281,549269,083 China
140,650145,690136,407133,057155,030155,464 European Union
133,762133,762128,540143,479120,50690,608 Brazil
59,49159,49158,33342,91461,14263,009 Argentina
56,90056,00056,01356,77651,38551,387 India
37,40039,23042,54044,13238,53841,396 Russia
33,32233,47039,78033,92553,51439,585 Ukraine
30,36030,36027,81533,87732,78532,662 Mexico
27,11527,11527,16330,53525,12429,644 Canada
20,10020,10019,01221,69621,39720,895 Nigeria
17,91017,91017,56017,46617,37318,560 Ethiopia
17,53317,53314,51117,52716,63617,814 South Africa
15,36915,36914,54418,84219,21918,560 Australia
15,06015,06017,04514,83911,47715,812 Turkey
13,20013,20012,70012,40012,70012,600 Indonesia
189,438190,268186,493188,122187,880195,639 Others
1,107,9101,114,8581,095,5981,095,2911,106,2551,072,718 Subtotal
396,381397,525402,886356,449396,297372,258 United States
1,504,2911,512,3831,498,4841,451,7401,502,5521,444,976 World Total
none
Domestic Consumption
339,350340,650336,350321,568320,711312,707 China
150,680153,275148,145150,072158,273159,483 European Union
87,63787,63786,50884,98576,03974,612 Brazil
58,15056,85055,92753,70348,04547,546 India
53,20053,20053,18052,74550,76549,835 Mexico
29,55030,83030,39033,15031,10931,042 Russia
24,49524,49525,24224,75925,79224,628 Canada
20,20020,00020,15921,59121,17720,955 Nigeria
18,84118,84118,52317,63019,34420,220 Argentina
17,93017,93017,80017,38217,89818,644 Ethiopia
17,47017,47017,05917,95417,60918,112 Turkey
17,19017,19017,18516,80416,82217,290 Japan
16,34016,54015,74014,55617,89117,273 Egypt
15,05015,25014,60014,47215,30017,200 Vietnam
14,77015,17014,32013,52014,72015,320 Iran
289,218289,847282,246282,186287,481299,324 Others
1,175,8121,180,5921,165,7491,144,2481,162,4561,144,041 Subtotal
330,260331,332329,147314,967324,909317,604 United States
1,506,0721,511,9241,494,8961,459,2151,487,3651,461,645 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
213,857213,857212,982206,765210,020207,691 China
13,77414,97214,63416,17418,80514,507 European Union
3,5513,5514,49610,7244,5365,120 Brazil
3,1542,8543,2505,2963,9443,604 Mexico
2,7552,4753,7653,5893,3873,359 India
2,7142,7142,4592,1355,5823,998 Argentina
2,7022,7272,9213,7173,7063,628 Canada
37,92838,91042,86748,54854,10450,452 Others
280,435282,060287,374296,948304,084292,359 Subtotal
55,45656,34150,29837,13637,47534,013 United States
335,891338,401337,672334,084341,559326,372 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Jul
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
TY Imports none
21,701 North America 27,491 25,947 28,934 28,041 28,041
4,744 Central America 5,400 5,450 5,650 5,850 5,850
2,394 Caribbean 2,151 2,009 2,120 2,236 2,236
16,844 South America 18,716 16,918 16,805 16,443 16,243
15,820 European Union 21,567 25,639 21,640 19,550 19,570
771 Former Soviet Union - 12 807 1,290 950 1,102 937
32,289 Middle East 33,443 26,328 26,557 26,886 26,486
21,323 North Africa 19,650 16,583 19,918 20,481 20,281
3,591 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,963 3,694 4,462 4,651 4,651
83,818 East Asia 74,316 64,611 78,557 74,878 73,578
20,169 Southeast Asia 17,339 17,979 20,390 20,325 20,025
6,084 Others 6,962 5,069 5,238 5,177 5,278
229,548 Total 231,805 211,517 231,221 225,620 223,176
Production none
434,564 North America 454,206 420,861 457,864 455,000 453,856
168,489 South America 198,994 202,131 201,406 210,200 210,200
155,464 European Union 155,030 133,057 136,407 145,690 140,650
21,820 Other Europe 18,070 16,675 18,372 19,278 18,378
94,843 Former Soviet Union - 12 105,816 91,079 95,655 86,873 84,965
26,534 Middle East 17,922 21,561 23,930 23,969 23,969
9,799 North Africa 12,704 11,099 10,811 11,177 11,177
132,985 Sub-Saharan Africa 126,076 131,389 124,515 125,426 125,426
271,807 East Asia 284,367 288,514 299,960 303,128 303,128
69,463 South Asia 69,687 76,955 75,098 75,418 76,318
35,693 Southeast Asia 35,481 34,714 35,030 35,920 35,920
19,111 Oceania 19,778 19,393 15,121 15,924 15,924
4,404 Others 4,421 4,312 4,315 4,380 4,380
1,444,976 Total 1,502,552 1,451,740 1,498,484 1,512,383 1,504,291
Domestic Consumption none
392,067 North America 401,466 392,471 407,569 409,027 407,955
122,073 South America 122,415 129,651 131,800 134,412 134,212
159,483 European Union 158,273 150,072 148,145 153,275 150,680
20,688 Other Europe 18,928 17,827 18,247 19,706 19,514
56,730 Former Soviet Union - 12 57,151 54,725 51,281 52,058 50,791
56,990 Middle East 52,657 48,607 48,288 52,111 51,711
32,953 North Africa 31,904 26,979 31,296 32,196 31,996
129,813 Sub-Saharan Africa 124,479 130,130 127,342 127,014 127,464
349,032 East Asia 356,452 356,747 372,199 377,080 375,780
68,356 South Asia 68,611 75,183 75,201 77,084 77,984
53,211 Southeast Asia 51,326 49,746 50,864 52,259 52,059
8,791 Oceania 8,394 8,257 8,243 7,944 7,844
11,608 Others 11,829 11,649 12,046 12,341 12,341
1,461,795 Total 1,463,885 1,452,044 1,482,521 1,506,507 1,500,331
Ending Stocks none
41,245 North America 45,125 46,149 56,469 61,922 61,312
12,533 South America 13,304 15,563 9,257 8,487 8,486
14,507 European Union 18,805 16,174 14,634 14,972 13,774
2,971 Other Europe 2,655 2,393 2,796 2,346 2,147
5,219 Former Soviet Union - 12 12,315 7,657 6,139 4,119 4,068
6,595 Middle East 5,209 5,740 6,280 5,580 5,579
2,765 North Africa 3,229 2,918 3,164 2,775 2,825
13,295 Sub-Saharan Africa 13,005 12,520 9,990 9,100 8,954
212,080 East Asia 214,303 210,671 216,964 217,865 217,865
5,647 South Asia 5,329 6,271 5,771 4,903 4,735
5,545 Southeast Asia 3,605 3,146 3,555 3,462 3,428
3,084 Oceania 3,722 3,995 1,742 1,844 1,692
886 Others 953 887 911 1,026 1,026
326,372 Total 341,559 334,084 337,672 338,401 335,891
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Corn Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
TY Exports
51,00051,00051,00053,28531,92127,492 Brazil
37,00037,00033,00025,74038,85336,544 Argentina
24,00024,50029,50027,12226,98023,864 Ukraine
4,2004,6006,2005,9004,0003,989 Russia
3,5004,0004,4004,1966,0273,735 European Union
3,0003,4002,6003,6193,8302,751 South Africa
2,7003,2003,1003,9683,1872,563 Paraguay
1,8001,7001,8002,0002,3002,600 Burma
1,7001,7001,8002,8392,2001,592 Canada
1,6002,1002,1005341,4953,157 Serbia
4,5925,0426,7608,7989,8427,669 Others
135,092138,242142,260138,001130,635115,956 Subtotal
58,00056,00057,00042,84462,90368,293 United States
193,092194,242199,260180,845193,538184,249 World Total
none
TY Imports
23,00023,00023,00018,71121,88429,512 China
22,00022,00022,50019,39217,58416,498 Mexico
18,00018,00019,50023,18819,73514,493 European Union
15,50015,50015,50014,92715,00315,471 Japan
11,80011,80011,30011,09911,51011,708 Korea, South
11,70012,00011,5009,5009,10011,200 Vietnam
8,2008,6008,5006,7008,6007,200 Iran
7,8008,0007,5006,2159,7639,633 Egypt
6,6006,6006,5006,3436,5125,795 Colombia
5,0005,0004,9004,0693,2734,215 Algeria
4,7004,7004,6004,1934,5534,386 Taiwan
4,6004,6004,0003,2894,0713,017 Saudi Arabia
3,7003,7003,6503,4483,6783,700 Malaysia
3,7003,7003,6003,3243,5143,679 Peru
2,7002,7003,0002,2376,1081,550 Canada
2,7002,8002,5002,2441,9632,474 Morocco
2,4502,4502,5002,0362,5212,546 United Kingdom
2,2002,4002,4002,3442,4972,333 Chile
1,8001,8001,7001,6181,5741,358 Guatemala
1,7001,7003,0002,3883,7821,761 Turkey
1,5501,5501,5001,3861,3541,492 Dominican Republic
1,5001,5001,7001,3461,4801,838 Thailand
1,4001,4001,5001,6843,3162,281 Brazil
1,1001,1001,0001,010852829 Costa Rica
1,1001,1001,6009011,154936 Indonesia
19,21919,08419,67618,65521,03019,312 Others
185,719186,784188,626172,247186,411179,217 Subtotal
6,7236,8089,9347,5776,5204,403 Unaccounted
6506507001,021607629 United States
193,092194,242199,260180,845193,538184,249 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 29 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
Production
292,000292,000288,842277,200272,552260,670 China
127,000127,000122,000137,000116,00087,000 Brazil
60,50064,00061,45452,32971,67267,440 European Union
51,00051,00050,00036,00052,00055,000 Argentina
37,50037,50037,50038,08533,73031,647 India
27,20027,70032,50027,00042,12630,297 Ukraine
25,00025,00022,70028,07726,76227,346 Mexico
17,00017,00014,00017,10016,13716,951 South Africa
14,50014,50015,07614,53914,61113,563 Canada
14,10015,00016,60015,83215,22513,872 Russia
13,20013,20012,70012,40012,70012,600 Indonesia
11,00011,00011,05312,94912,74512,400 Nigeria
10,20010,20010,00010,2009,40010,022 Ethiopia
9,5009,5009,84710,9859,5258,940 Pakistan
8,5008,5008,1008,3228,3448,352 Philippines
116,883118,131121,740114,984122,675117,943 Others
835,083841,231834,112813,002836,204774,043 Subtotal
384,741383,558389,694346,739381,469357,819 United States
1,219,8241,224,7891,223,8061,159,7411,217,6731,131,862 World Total
none
Total Consumption
313,000313,000307,000299,000291,000285,000 China
80,50080,50079,50078,00071,00070,500 Brazil
75,60078,10077,10074,80081,70077,700 European Union
47,10047,10047,00046,00044,00043,800 Mexico
38,40038,00037,40034,70030,00027,850 India
15,55015,55015,50015,00015,04015,450 Japan
15,50015,50016,30014,92717,98413,976 Canada
15,40015,60014,80013,70017,00016,400 Egypt
14,80014,80014,80014,20015,70016,800 Argentina
14,55014,75014,25013,85014,75016,450 Vietnam
14,40014,40014,00013,40013,80013,300 Indonesia
13,40013,40013,00013,23912,65513,220 South Africa
11,85011,85011,35011,35011,56011,780 Korea, South
11,20011,00012,20012,90012,60012,500 Nigeria
10,30010,80010,60010,00011,10010,000 Russia
199,298200,543200,570192,812202,315198,340 Others
896,466900,191897,674864,728883,978841,032 Subtotal
321,706322,087320,435305,928315,665308,215 United States
1,218,1721,222,2781,218,1091,170,6561,199,6431,149,247 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
212,842212,842210,862206,040209,137205,704 China
6,8837,4907,4838,02911,5087,828 European Union
2,8412,8413,84110,0413,9714,653 Brazil
2,6342,3342,7644,5943,1753,079 Mexico
1,9871,9871,9421,8982,0562,018 Korea, South
1,8581,5782,7582,6582,3952,028 India
1,7441,7441,5391,3244,7483,132 Argentina
26,71727,56129,91233,68841,77335,908 Others
257,506258,377261,101268,272278,763264,350 Subtotal
52,66653,26147,41934,55134,97531,358 United States
310,172311,638308,520302,823313,738295,708 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 30 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Jul
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
TY Imports none
18,677 North America 24,299 22,650 26,200 25,350 25,350
4,744 Central America 5,400 5,450 5,650 5,850 5,850
15,639 South America 17,371 15,503 15,585 15,270 15,070
14,493 European Union 19,735 23,188 19,500 18,000 18,000
322 Former Soviet Union - 12 429 472 346 256 291
17,805 Middle East 21,804 17,086 20,920 19,750 19,350
18,000 North Africa 16,809 14,142 16,600 17,600 17,300
2,895 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,384 2,962 3,674 3,973 3,973
61,116 East Asia 53,000 48,975 54,445 55,045 55,045
18,130 Southeast Asia 16,222 16,394 19,735 19,520 19,220
2,391 Caribbean 2,147 2,008 2,115 2,235 2,235
5,634 Others 6,418 4,438 4,556 4,585 4,685
179,846 Total 187,018 173,268 189,326 187,434 186,369
Production none
398,728 North America 422,842 389,355 427,470 423,058 424,241
153,223 South America 182,556 185,815 183,730 191,920 191,920
67,440 European Union 71,672 52,329 61,454 64,000 60,500
10,320 Other Europe 7,591 5,875 8,210 8,448 7,548
48,974 Former Soviet Union - 12 64,144 47,724 55,089 48,805 47,057
9,315 Middle East 8,753 9,461 10,948 9,849 9,849
6,433 North Africa 7,507 7,487 7,262 7,672 7,672
85,615 Sub-Saharan Africa 86,374 85,664 83,347 80,254 80,254
263,041 East Asia 275,026 279,702 291,348 294,510 294,510
48,795 South Asia 51,243 57,255 55,581 55,924 55,924
3,431 Central America 3,499 3,511 3,526 3,526 3,526
35,403 Southeast Asia 35,191 34,424 34,740 35,630 35,630
1,144 Others 1,275 1,139 1,101 1,193 1,193
1,131,862 Total 1,217,673 1,159,741 1,223,806 1,224,789 1,219,824
Domestic Consumption none
365,991 North America 377,649 366,855 383,735 384,687 384,306
110,489 South America 110,565 115,858 117,935 119,770 119,570
77,700 European Union 81,700 74,800 77,100 78,100 75,600
10,063 Other Europe 9,049 8,488 8,748 9,325 9,135
22,290 Former Soviet Union - 12 24,963 19,990 20,260 20,720 20,015
26,830 Middle East 30,102 25,762 29,730 29,055 28,655
25,980 North Africa 23,910 20,987 24,250 25,200 24,900
82,310 Sub-Saharan Africa 83,547 83,992 85,228 81,514 81,964
319,169 East Asia 324,650 332,095 340,895 347,545 347,545
47,720 South Asia 49,747 55,143 55,671 57,240 57,240
50,956 Southeast Asia 49,859 47,910 49,920 51,165 50,965
8,295 Central America 8,720 8,816 9,140 9,274 9,274
3,488 Others 3,408 3,110 3,193 3,385 3,385
1,151,281 Total 1,177,869 1,163,806 1,205,805 1,216,980 1,212,554
Ending Stocks none
36,606 North America 40,896 40,773 51,787 57,199 56,904
10,698 South America 11,521 13,597 7,280 6,365 6,364
7,828 European Union 11,508 8,029 7,483 7,490 6,883
1,547 Other Europe 1,324 743 1,044 959 752
2,210 Former Soviet Union - 12 9,661 4,380 3,267 2,005 1,950
3,233 Middle East 3,043 3,036 2,889 2,888 2,888
1,897 North Africa 2,012 2,162 2,122 1,944 1,993
11,067 Sub-Saharan Africa 11,603 10,893 8,692 7,567 7,421
209,833 East Asia 213,206 209,780 214,658 216,648 216,648
4,285 South Asia 4,324 5,330 4,756 3,997 3,829
5,539 Southeast Asia 3,596 3,137 3,546 3,453 3,419
701 Central America 802 758 784 881 881
264 Others 242 205 212 242 240
295,708 Total 313,738 302,823 308,520 311,638 310,172
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 31 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Barley Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
TY Exports
6,6007,0006,6006,6146,3558,559 European Union
6,0006,0007,4007,0848,2338,007 Australia
4,0004,0005,8005,4003,1005,691 Russia
3,2003,2003,1002,9083,7652,458 Argentina
2,4002,2002,3002,5592,7105,053 Ukraine
2,3002,3002,3502,8991,9733,520 Canada
1,5001,3001,3001,2535631,028 Kazakhstan
8508508001,0617851,280 United Kingdom
125125325127317185 Uruguay
120120110100125131 Serbia
3093093823374931,109 Others
27,40427,40430,46730,34228,41937,021 Subtotal
75751005768349 United States
27,47927,47930,56730,39928,48737,370 World Total
none
TY Imports
10,20010,20014,5008,5828,28212,049 China
2,2002,2001,5003,1004,7006,100 Saudi Arabia
1,8001,8001,5001,3001,7003,700 Iran
1,4001,3001,8002,1571,2371,150 European Union
1,2001,2001,2501,2271,1841,132 Japan
1,0001,0007001,2611,166484 Jordan
8507501,300734760456 Morocco
7507507007668451,008 Tunisia
7007006007505351,043 Libya
600600700162688778 Algeria
500500550652734398 Brazil
500500500544363499 Mexico
500500350622553747 Vietnam
450450300394292358 Qatar
400400300410551507 Kuwait
4004001501,9672,0361,634 Turkey
350350330353333336 Colombia
3005002504299182 Kazakhstan
300300350260337453 United Arab Emirates
20020010025310114 India
1,8311,8312,2682,5072,3393,653 Others
26,43126,43129,99828,43028,82736,581 Subtotal
7487482941,511-798652 Unaccounted
300300275458458137 United States
27,47927,47930,56730,39928,48737,370 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 32 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
Production
51,90052,80047,85651,82952,06554,235 European Union
18,30018,20020,50021,50017,50520,629 Russia
11,50011,50010,80014,13714,33714,649 Australia
8,6008,6008,8969,9876,98410,741 Canada
7,5007,5006,9637,3856,9618,117 United Kingdom
7,1007,1008,0007,4004,5008,100 Turkey
5,3005,0006,3506,1009,9237,947 Ukraine
4,7004,7005,1004,6955,3004,035 Argentina
3,4003,1002,6143,2872,3673,659 Kazakhstan
3,1003,1003,0003,0002,7003,600 Iran
2,4852,4852,4502,1842,3502,261 Ethiopia
2,0002,0002,0002,1922,1342,036 China
1,5001,5001,9131,3711,6561,720 India
1,4001,4002002353601,850 Iraq
1,2001,2001,0251,4009501,213 Algeria
11,77511,62510,74510,41012,56213,003 Others
141,760141,810138,412147,112142,654157,795 Subtotal
3,2403,2574,0293,7872,6263,717 United States
145,000145,067142,441150,899145,280161,512 World Total
none
Total Consumption
46,70046,50043,30046,70045,45048,250 European Union
14,50014,40014,70016,70014,30014,400 Russia
13,30013,30015,10011,00011,60012,600 China
8,4008,4007,3008,7007,4009,000 Turkey
7,1007,1006,2006,0466,3807,215 United Kingdom
6,6006,6006,5006,6995,3997,747 Canada
5,9006,0005,8006,0006,0006,500 Australia
5,1005,1004,4005,3004,7006,900 Iran
3,4003,3003,5003,4004,1004,100 Ukraine
3,0253,0252,0254,3254,2257,025 Saudi Arabia
2,4502,4502,5002,2002,3752,325 Ethiopia
2,3002,2002,4001,5863,1201,165 Morocco
2,1002,2001,9502,4502,3002,550 Kazakhstan
1,8001,8001,8831,6001,7001,900 India
1,7501,7501,9001,4001,9502,250 Algeria
21,69321,55319,40620,68421,20424,130 Others
144,926144,486138,223145,002144,589158,182 Subtotal
3,5933,5933,9463,6283,5323,860 United States
148,519148,079142,169148,630148,121162,042 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
5,4325,6475,4325,7265,2875,011 European Union
1,1201,2201,1203,2202,8482,518 Australia
1,0561,0561,4111,2689641,058 United Kingdom
9469469679809911,002 Saudi Arabia
6876871,687922306512 Turkey
640665870709543711 Canada
6246241,122770780661 Ukraine
5,4745,4616,7765,7816,0128,353 Others
15,97916,30619,38519,37617,73119,826 Subtotal
1,5831,6001,6961,4338091,555 United States
17,56217,90621,08120,80918,54021,381 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 33 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Barley Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Jul
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
TY Imports none
937 North America 1,025 1,038 855 870 870
927 South America 1,261 1,209 1,050 1,030 1,030
1,150 European Union 1,237 2,157 1,800 1,300 1,400
191 Other Europe 198 171 348 181 181
425 Former Soviet Union - 12 366 793 584 834 634
14,426 Middle East 11,506 9,207 5,580 7,100 7,100
3,305 North Africa 2,835 2,434 3,305 2,870 2,970
19 Sub-Saharan Africa 61 109 145 60 60
13,273 East Asia 9,576 9,935 15,865 11,495 11,495
34 South Asia 109 280 111 211 211
46 Oceania 45 19 30 30 30
36,718 Total 29,285 28,888 30,273 26,731 26,731
Production none
15,363 North America 10,700 14,569 13,705 12,637 12,620
5,756 South America 7,112 6,535 6,690 6,486 6,486
54,235 European Union 52,065 51,829 47,856 52,800 51,900
9,699 Other Europe 8,531 8,961 8,489 9,051 9,051
35,702 Former Soviet Union - 12 32,811 34,178 32,685 29,750 30,600
15,919 Middle East 7,938 10,925 11,809 12,902 12,902
2,529 North Africa 4,348 2,748 2,654 2,600 2,600
3,004 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,837 2,646 3,007 3,035 3,035
2,385 East Asia 2,474 2,494 2,309 2,315 2,315
1,933 South Asia 1,802 1,547 2,079 1,656 1,656
14,987 Oceania 14,662 14,467 11,158 11,835 11,835
161,512 Total 145,280 150,899 142,441 145,067 145,000
Domestic Consumption none
12,907 North America 10,431 11,677 11,796 11,493 11,493
4,232 South America 4,270 4,592 4,286 4,294 4,294
48,250 European Union 45,450 46,700 43,300 46,500 46,700
8,765 Other Europe 7,930 7,580 7,729 8,615 8,620
24,662 Former Soviet Union - 12 23,755 25,992 23,515 23,456 23,691
28,802 Middle East 21,209 21,623 17,316 21,797 21,797
6,108 North Africa 7,146 5,112 6,140 6,090 6,190
2,982 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,913 2,793 3,125 3,060 3,060
14,283 East Asia 13,278 12,703 16,765 14,895 14,895
2,120 South Asia 1,872 1,799 2,048 1,956 1,956
6,900 Oceania 6,350 6,355 6,190 6,365 6,265
161,917 Total 145,735 148,418 142,810 149,271 149,711
Ending Stocks none
2,676 North America 1,802 2,560 2,914 2,593 2,551
955 South America 901 1,005 935 832 832
5,011 European Union 5,287 5,726 5,432 5,647 5,432
1,226 Other Europe 1,125 1,453 1,623 1,254 1,252
2,325 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,058 2,568 2,302 1,659 1,674
3,342 Middle East 2,133 2,682 3,378 2,683 2,683
862 North Africa 1,197 746 1,030 810 810
432 Sub-Saharan Africa 388 327 314 319 319
1,842 East Asia 614 340 1,749 664 664
144 South Asia 128 131 235 176 176
2,560 Oceania 2,898 3,262 1,160 1,260 1,160
21,381 Total 18,540 20,809 21,081 17,906 17,562
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 34 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Sorghum Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
TY Exports
1,9001,9001,6002,7532,2671,235 Australia
1,2001,2001,1008001,8001,973 Argentina
757512511011 Brazil
505030374156 India
505050505050 Nigeria
505040667259 Ukraine
35354038211 Paraguay
87878870165247 Others
3,4473,4473,0733,8154,4263,632 Subtotal
4,6005,9006,0002,9657,3876,926 United States
8,0479,3479,0736,78011,81310,558 World Total
none
TY Imports
6,3007,6007,5004,86310,9918,669 China
150150160241258299 Japan
150150175176362133 Mexico
10010010015279181 Kenya
75751002918 South Africa
707070639565 Eritrea
505050355571 South Sudan
505050505050 Somalia
50505011075125 Sudan
454550505556 Taiwan
328328355298509310 Others
7,3688,6688,6606,06712,5309,967 Subtotal
679679412713-717590 Unaccounted
001001 United States
8,0479,3479,0736,78011,81310,558 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 35 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Sorghum Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
Production
7,2007,2006,4006,8066,7256,590 Nigeria
5,0005,0004,9094,7872,8542,097 Brazil
5,0005,0003,0555,2483,5285,150 Sudan
4,5004,5004,2804,8924,8404,348 Mexico
4,4004,2004,4003,8144,1504,812 India
4,1004,1004,0104,1404,4505,058 Ethiopia
3,0003,0002,5001,6102,8833,319 Argentina
3,0003,0003,0003,0943,3772,970 China
2,2002,2002,2002,6382,6481,639 Australia
1,9001,9001,7002,1001,2072,132 Niger
1,9001,9001,7722,0141,6441,840 Burkina Faso
1,5001,5001,5281,5821,2481,823 Mali
1,2001,2001,2001,2001,2001,200 Cameroon
1,0251,0251,0001,0005951,481 Bolivia
1,0001,0001,0001,0001,0771,043 Tanzania
7,1007,0587,3256,9087,2817,820 Others
54,02553,78350,27952,83349,70753,322 Subtotal
7,0829,4758,0714,77011,3759,474 United States
61,10763,25858,35057,60361,08262,796 World Total
none
Total Consumption
9,30010,60010,5007,90014,30011,400 China
7,1007,1006,4006,7506,6506,550 Nigeria
4,9504,9503,2505,2003,7005,100 Sudan
4,9004,9004,8004,7002,8002,100 Brazil
4,6004,6004,6005,1005,0004,500 Mexico
4,4004,2004,3003,9004,4504,550 India
4,1004,1004,0504,2504,6505,200 Ethiopia
1,9001,9001,8001,9501,6501,900 Burkina Faso
1,8501,8501,8002,0001,4002,050 Niger
1,6001,6001,1501,0001,1501,050 Argentina
1,5001,5001,5001,5501,4001,700 Mali
1,2151,2151,2251,2101,2151,230 Cameroon
1,0251,0251,0009506501,400 Bolivia
1,0001,0001,0001,0251,0501,025 Tanzania
9759759159759501,000 Chad
6,9226,8877,6006,8377,4587,639 Others
58,54959,58456,58755,39157,68059,895 Subtotal
2,1592,9222,0832,5853,1752,638 United States
60,70862,50658,67057,97660,85562,533 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
488488448439336278 Brazil
431431231181221187 Argentina
377377382387332269 China
246246151301148280 Sudan
23123129130133120 Australia
204204204176144296 Mali
17817810317853221 Niger
1,1521,1441,0681,2551,4411,913 Others
3,3073,2992,8783,2183,0063,464 Subtotal
6068906366161,201516 United States
3,9134,1893,5143,8344,2073,980 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 36 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Sorghum Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Jul
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
TY Imports none
134 North America 362 176 176 150 150
37 South America 31 40 50 33 33
13 European Union 167 38 15 20 20
23 Other Europe 19 13 16 20 20
40 Middle East 85 30 40 26 26
0 North Africa 1 2 3 1 1
656 Sub-Saharan Africa 518 584 618 593 593
9,030 East Asia 11,307 5,157 7,713 7,799 6,499
28 Southeast Asia 32 21 25 25 25
7 Others 8 6 5 1 1
9,968 Total 12,530 6,067 8,661 8,668 7,368
Production none
13,822 North America 16,215 9,662 12,351 13,975 11,582
249 Central America 215 195 195 195 195
76 Caribbean 71 66 61 61 61
7,141 South America 6,551 7,563 8,631 9,265 9,265
1,006 European Union 801 513 794 790 850
616 Middle East 664 469 468 498 498
762 North Africa 803 755 784 794 794
29,429 Sub-Saharan Africa 25,276 28,588 25,209 27,983 27,983
2,972 East Asia 3,379 3,098 3,002 3,002 3,002
4,908 South Asia 4,214 3,949 4,535 4,335 4,535
50 Southeast Asia 50 50 50 50 50
1,639 Oceania 2,648 2,638 2,200 2,200 2,200
126 Others 195 57 70 110 92
62,796 Total 61,082 57,603 58,350 63,258 61,107
Domestic Consumption none
7,138 North America 8,175 7,685 6,683 7,522 6,759
252 Central America 217 195 195 195 195
78 Caribbean 74 68 66 62 62
4,822 South America 4,799 6,787 7,142 7,735 7,735
1,033 European Union 948 542 800 800 855
656 Middle East 742 501 513 524 524
764 North Africa 789 766 785 785 785
29,572 Sub-Saharan Africa 26,419 28,823 26,013 28,251 28,251
11,774 East Asia 14,620 8,198 10,705 10,801 9,501
4,651 South Asia 4,518 4,040 4,435 4,335 4,535
83 Southeast Asia 77 76 74 74 74
95 Oceania 160 160 510 160 160
114 Others 110 41 52 80 60
61,032 Total 61,648 57,882 57,973 61,324 59,496
Ending Stocks none
618 North America 1,504 886 760 1,063 779
6 Central America 4 4 4 4 4
638 South America 677 790 854 1,092 1,092
20 European Union 18 16 13 13 18
0 Middle East 0 0 0 0 0
6 North Africa 20 10 12 21 22
1,762 Sub-Saharan Africa 991 1,269 952 1,192 1,192
295 East Asia 356 411 416 411 411
598 South Asia 258 135 205 155 155
20 Oceania 331 301 291 231 231
17 Others 48 12 7 7 9
3,980 Total 4,207 3,834 3,514 4,189 3,913
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 37 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Oats Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
TY Exports
1,4501,4501,5001,8911,2221,959 Canada
450400350574512391 Australia
25030027515015090 Russia
12512510014716731 United Kingdom
858512090202145 European Union
1010102171 Brazil
1010104915 Ukraine
141427336215 Others
2,3942,3942,3922,9102,3312,647 Subtotal
303030293351 United States
2,4242,4242,4222,9392,3642,698 World Total
none
TY Imports
450450450463342301 China
125125160185189171 Mexico
10010012512520933 European Union
5050607512169 Chile
505045534546 India
505045444848 Japan
454540425049 Switzerland
353535453044 Peru
303030281926 Malaysia
252525222624 Korea, South
25252539021 South Africa
202015212819 Canada
202055133215 Norway
202015191618 United Kingdom
15151521101 Uruguay
323243522659 Others
1,0921,0921,1831,2471,0821,044 Subtotal
828239922682 Unaccounted
1,2501,2501,2001,6001,2561,572 United States
2,4242,4242,4222,9392,3642,698 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 38 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Oats Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
Production
7,4007,1005,9317,5097,5028,473 European Union
3,4003,4002,6365,2262,8994,576 Canada
3,2503,8003,3004,5003,7334,127 Russia
1,2001,2001,1001,5871,7351,898 Australia
1,2001,2001,1681,1791,1431,096 Brazil
1,0001,0008301,0071,1231,031 United Kingdom
600600565429725510 Argentina
600600600600600600 China
470470400333578525 Chile
400350430380478515 Ukraine
340340325365276315 Turkey
320320350375350445 Belarus
300300300291269316 Norway
190210150229182240 Kazakhstan
1051051051054069 Algeria
371371362386436355 Others
21,14621,36618,55224,50122,06925,091 Subtotal
981898828837578954 United States
22,12722,26419,38025,33822,64726,045 World Total
none
Total Consumption
7,3507,0256,2357,4157,4758,250 European Union
3,0003,5003,0504,3003,6504,050 Russia
1,9501,9502,0502,5651,9202,340 Canada
1,1751,1751,1501,1751,1251,075 Brazil
1,0501,0501,0501,050925900 China
8808807958701,007969 United Kingdom
7507509001,1001,2001,200 Australia
600600555450710525 Argentina
520520455420570615 Chile
390340415405465475 Ukraine
350350325370280315 Turkey
325325350375350440 Belarus
325325355300295340 Norway
200200230295265235 Mexico
180200160205205235 Kazakhstan
695703691718652683 Others
19,77619,92918,73822,00621,20522,884 Subtotal
2,1932,1212,0562,2192,0152,362 United States
21,96922,05020,79424,22523,22025,246 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
3963963761,275333657 Canada
361375296605424469 European Union
199249199349395416 Australia
149149149173122188 Russia
138138138138125108 China
10310388809688 Brazil
858570140157147 United Kingdom
314305323315341415 Others
1,7451,8001,6393,0751,9932,488 Subtotal
579568527505474552 United States
2,3242,3682,1663,5802,4673,040 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 39 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Oats Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Jul
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
TY Imports none
1,762 North America 1,473 1,806 1,375 1,395 1,395
241 South America 53 166 120 110 110
33 European Union 209 125 125 100 100
89 Other Europe 104 80 117 88 88
7 Former Soviet Union - 12 7 11 9 4 4
0 Middle East 7 5 7 5 5
18 North Africa 5 5 10 10 10
21 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 39 25 25 25
373 East Asia 416 529 520 525 525
46 South Asia 45 53 45 50 50
26 Southeast Asia 19 28 30 30 30
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
2,616 Total 2,338 2,847 2,383 2,342 2,342
Production none
5,593 North America 3,570 6,176 3,519 4,378 4,461
2,192 South America 2,507 2,008 2,179 2,326 2,326
8,473 European Union 7,502 7,509 5,931 7,100 7,400
1,484 Other Europe 1,525 1,432 1,264 1,435 1,435
5,334 Former Soviet Union - 12 4,801 5,490 4,283 4,718 4,198
315 Middle East 276 365 325 340 340
75 North Africa 46 109 111 111 111
57 Sub-Saharan Africa 59 28 41 30 30
601 East Asia 601 601 601 601 601
0 South Asia 0 0 0 0 0
0 Southeast Asia 0 0 0 0 0
1,921 Oceania 1,760 1,620 1,126 1,225 1,225
26,045 Total 22,647 25,338 19,380 22,264 22,127
Domestic Consumption none
4,937 North America 4,200 5,079 4,336 4,271 4,343
2,353 South America 2,513 2,204 2,261 2,410 2,410
8,250 European Union 7,475 7,415 6,235 7,025 7,350
1,506 Other Europe 1,491 1,356 1,328 1,392 1,384
5,211 Former Soviet Union - 12 4,732 5,294 4,031 4,405 3,935
315 Middle East 280 370 325 350 350
101 North Africa 59 114 121 121 121
69 Sub-Saharan Africa 70 69 65 60 60
972 East Asia 1,000 1,117 1,120 1,125 1,125
46 South Asia 45 53 44 50 50
26 Southeast Asia 19 28 30 30 30
1,223 Oceania 1,225 1,133 926 775 775
25,009 Total 23,109 24,232 20,822 22,014 21,933
Ending Stocks none
1,222 North America 823 1,794 917 983 994
242 South America 205 171 188 198 198
469 European Union 424 605 296 375 361
198 Other Europe 206 197 129 133 143
341 Former Soviet Union - 12 253 293 259 260 260
6 Middle East 9 8 13 9 8
0 North Africa 0 0 0 0 0
34 Sub-Saharan Africa 23 21 22 17 17
109 East Asia 126 139 140 141 141
0 South Asia 0 0 0 0 0
0 Southeast Asia 0 0 0 0 0
419 Oceania 398 352 202 252 202
3,040 Total 2,467 3,580 2,166 2,368 2,324
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 40 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Rye Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
TY Exports
180180180222157148 Canada
17517522513821095 European Union
2510018565125101 Russia
101031412458 Ukraine
5555522 Belarus
66930223 Others
401476607474643427 Subtotal
556534 United States
406481613479646431 World Total
none
TY Imports
50130200131219131 European Union
101010111322 Japan
55100518 Israel
55810111 Kazakhstan
5562310 Norway
5554114 United Kingdom
444444 Korea, South
7610104710 Others
91170253172303210 Subtotal
403635321231 Unaccounted
275275325275331190 United States
406481613479646431 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 41 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
World Rye Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
2024/25
Jul
2024/25
Aug
none
Production
7,6007,7007,6337,5457,9968,968 European Union
1,3501,8501,7002,0001,7162,376 Russia
7607607807508001,051 Belarus
345345358520372488 Canada
320320320273200296 Turkey
200230240315600459 Ukraine
185185165179225135 Argentina
186198192248202200 Others
10,94611,58811,38811,83012,11113,973 Subtotal
337337264316249294 United States
11,28311,92511,65212,14612,36014,267 World Total
none
Total Consumption
7,6757,7507,7607,5657,9508,750 European Union
1,3501,7501,6001,8501,7002,200 Russia
7757757507407901,050 Belarus
320320334283228296 Turkey
277242277277365402 Ukraine
185185165179225135 Argentina
175175195305231289 Canada
555556634543 Norway
323232323232 Australia
24243552836 United Kingdom
105116114135141150 Others
11,04011,51711,36111,45611,73713,404 Subtotal
609609627607522529 United States
11,64912,12611,98812,06312,25913,933 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
429486659836888743 European Union
69949417993201 Russia
6262711058491 Canada
574514418416490 Ukraine
484865373431 Belarus
111111 Japan
111444 Kazakhstan
000142414 Others
6677371,0351,3601,2921,175 Subtotal
222220311632 United States
6897591,0551,3911,3081,207 World Total
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 42 August 2024
Global Market Analysis
Regional Rye Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Jul
2024/25
Aug
2024/25
TY Imports none
191 North America 332 277 328 276 276
0 South America 0 0 0 0 0
131 European Union 219 131 200 130 50
17 Other Europe 20 10 15 12 13
17 Former Soviet Union - 12 5 14 11 8 8
18 Middle East 41 0 10 5 5
0 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0
26 East Asia 17 15 14 14 14
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
400 Total 634 447 578 445 366
Production none
782 North America 621 836 622 682 682
152 South America 244 194 173 197 197
8,968 European Union 7,996 7,545 7,633 7,700 7,600
118 Other Europe 108 138 131 116 116
3,916 Former Soviet Union - 12 3,156 3,125 2,738 2,875 2,333
296 Middle East 200 273 320 320 320
3 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3
0 East Asia 0 0 0 0 0
32 Oceania 32 32 32 32 32
14,267 Total 12,360 12,146 11,652 11,925 11,283
Domestic Consumption none
818 North America 753 912 822 784 784
152 South America 244 194 173 197 197
8,750 European Union 7,950 7,565 7,760 7,750 7,675
130 Other Europe 125 120 147 126 127
3,687 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,900 2,917 2,650 2,802 2,425
314 Middle East 233 283 344 325 325
3 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3
26 East Asia 17 15 14 14 14
32 Oceania 32 32 32 32 32
13,912 Total 12,257 12,041 11,945 12,033 11,582
Ending Stocks none
123 North America 100 136 91 84 84
0 South America 0 0 0 0 0
743 European Union 888 836 659 486 429
0 Other Europe 0 0 0 0 0
326 Former Soviet Union - 12 295 404 304 188 175
14 Middle East 24 14 0 0 0
0 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0
1 East Asia 1 1 1 1 1
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
1,207 Total 1,308 1,391 1,055 759 689
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 43 August 2024
Global Market Analysis