Coast Guard Navigation
Standards Manual
COM
DTINST M3530.2F
January 2020
U.S. Department of
Homeland Security
United States
Coast Guard
DISTRIBUTION – SDL No.170
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NON-STANDARD DISTRIBUTION:
COMDTCHANGENOTE 3530
10 NOV 2021
COMMANDANT CHANGE NOTICE 3530
Subj:
CH-1 TO COAST GUARD NAVIGATION STANDARDS MANUAL,
COMDTINST M3530.2F
1.
PURPOSE. This Commandant Change Notice publishes changes to the Coast Guard Navigation
Standards Manual, COMDTINST M3530.2F.
2.
ACTION. All Coast Guard Unit Commanders, COs, OICs, Deputy/Assistant Commandants,
and Chiefs of Headquarters staff elements must comply with the provisions of this
Commandant Change Notice. Internet release is authorized.
3.
DIRECTIVES AFFECTED. With the addition of this Commandant Change Notice, Coast
Guard Navigation Standards Manual, COMDTINST M3530.2F, is updated.
4.
DISCLAIMER. This guidance is not a substitute for applicable legal requirements, nor is it itself a
rule. It is intended to provide guidance for Coast Guard personnel and is not intended to, nor does it,
impose legally-binding requirements on any party outside the Coast Guard.
5.
MAJOR CHANGES. This Commandant Change Notice updates Chapter 2 to include the
definitions of Safety Contour and Safety Depth, Chapter 5 has table 5-1 updated to reflect correct
references, and Enclosure (13) has been updated to remove a part number from the stopwatch.
6.
ENVIROMENTAL ASPECT AND IMPACT CONSIDERATIONS.
a.
Commandant Office of Environmental Management, Commandant (CG-47) reviewed the
development of this Commandant Change Notice, and the general policies contained within it,
and determined that this policy falls under the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
categorical exclusion A3. No further environmental analysis is necessary in accordance with the
U.S. Coast Guard Environmental Planning Policy, COMDTINST 5090.1 (series).
b.
This Commandant Change Notice will not result in any substantial change to existing
environmental conditions or violation of any applicable federal, state, or local laws relating to the
Commandant
United States Coast Guard
COMDTCHANGENOTE 3530
2
protection of the environment. It is the responsibility of the action proponent to evaluate all future
specific actions resulting from this policy for compliance with the National Environmental Policy
Act (NEPA), other applicable environmental mandates, and the U.S. Coast Guard Environmental
Planning Policy, COMDTINST 5090.1 (series).
7.
DISTRIBUTION. No paper distribution will be made of this Commandant Change Notice. An
electronic version will be located on the following Commandant (CG-612) web sites. Internet:
http://www.dcms.uscg.mil/directives/ and CGPortal:
https://cgportal2.uscg.mil/library/directives/SitePages/Home.aspx.
8.
PROCEDURE. Remove and replace the following sections of the Coast Guard Navigation
Standards Manual, COMDTINST M3530.2F.
Remove Replace/add
Record of Changes Record of Changes
Table of Contents Table of Contents
Pages: 1-1 to 1-2 Pages 1-1 to 1-2
Pages: 2-7 to 2-12 Pages: 2-7 to 2-12
Pages: 3-9 to 3-10 Pages: 3-9 to 3-10
Pages: 5-1 to 5-2 Pages: 5-1 to 5-2
Pages: 6-1 Pages: 6-1
Enclosure (13) Enclosure (13)
9.
RECORDS MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS. Records created as a result of this Instruction,
regardless of format or media, must be managed in accordance with the records retention schedules
located on the Records Resource Center CGPortal site:
cg.portal.uscg.mil/units/cg61/CG611/SitePages/Home.aspx.
10.
FORMS/REPORTS. None.
11.
SECTION 508. This Commandant Change Notice was created to adhere to Accessibility guidelines
and standards as promulgated by the U.S. Access Board. If changes are needed, please communicate
with the Coast Guard Section 508 Program Management Office at [email protected].
12.
REQUEST FOR CHANGES. Recommendations for improvement must be submitted to the Office
of Cutter Forces (CG-751).
/TODD C. WIEMERS/
Rear Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard
Assistant Commandant for Capability
DISTRIBUTION – SDL No.170
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NON-STANDARD DISTRIBUTION:
Commandant
United States Coast Guard
US Coast Guard Stop 7324
2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Ave SE
Washington, DC 20593-7324
Staff Symbol: (CG-7)
Phone: 202-372-2020
COMDTINST M3530.2F
21 JAN 2020
COMMANDANT INSTRUCTION M3530.2F
Subj:
COAST GUARD NAVIGATION STANDARDS MANUAL
Ref:
(a) United States Coast Guard Regulations 1992, COMDTINST M5000.3 (series)
(b) Cutter Training and Qualification Manual, COMDTINST M3502.4 (series)
(c) U.S. Coast Guard Boat Operations and Training (BOAT) Manual, Volume I,
COMDTINST M16114.32 (series)
(d) U.S. Coast Guard Boat Operations and Training (BOAT) Manual, Volume II,
COMDTINST M16114.33 (series)
(e) U.S. Coast Guard Boat Operations and Training (BOAT) Manual, Volume III,
COMDTINST M16114.42 (series)
(f) U.S. Navy Ship Control and Navigation Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS),
NAVEDTRA 43492 (series)
(g) Risk Management (RM), COMDTINST 3500.3 (series)
(h) Cutter Organization Manual, COMDTINST M5400.16 (series)
(i) Information and Life Cycle Management Manual, COMDTINST M5212.12 (series)
(j) Procedures for the Preparation and Disposition of Cutter Logs, COMDTINST M3123.12
(series)
(k) The Coast Guard Directives System, COMDTINST M5215.6 (series)
(l) Telecommunication Manual, COMDTINST M2000.3 (series)
(m) Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS), Coast Guard Navigator
1. PURPOSE. This Manual updates the Coast Guard Navigation Standards for safe navigation of
vessels. Per Reference (a), unit commanders are responsible for the safe navigation of their vessels
and/or assigned boats. All Commanding Officers (COs) and Officer-in-Charge (OICs) are required
to promulgate unit-specific Command Navigation Standards that align with the requirements
contained in this Manual. Unit-specific Command Navigation Standards must be written broadly
enough to enable the safe navigation of cutters, cutter boats, and shore-based boats (referred to as
COMDTINST M3530.2F
2
“boats” for this Manual) for a variety of challenging missions across multiple operating areas.
However, these Command Navigation Standards must also be specific enough to ensure the precise
navigation of these same assets across the full spectrum of conditions that may be encountered.
2. ACTION. All Coast Guard Unit Commanders, COs, OICs, Deputy/Assistant Commandants, and
Chiefs of Headquarters staff elements must comply with the provisions of this Manual. Internet
release is authorized.
3. DIRECTIVES AFFECTED. Coast Guard Navigation Standards, COMDTINST M3530.2E and
Nautical Chart and Publication Allowance for Cutters, COMDTINST M3140.5B, are cancelled.
4. DISCUSSION.
a. Navigation is a critical and fundamental competency for all underway operations. This Manual
assists CO/OICs and Navigators in carrying out their responsibilities outlined in Reference (a),
and complements References (b) through (l). It also provides uniform standards and guidance to
ensure the navigational accuracy and safety of Coast Guard cutters, boats, and their crews during
operations.
b. This Manual leverages the capabilities provided by electronic navigation systems found on
cutters, cutter boats, and boats while retaining the capability to conduct traditional forms of
navigation if, and when, electronic means of navigation are not available.
c. Analysis of operational mishaps and studies have shown that risks associated with navigation can
be systematically controlled by:
(1) Strong knowledge and skills in navigation fundamentals, doctrine, and techniques.
(2) Preventing accumulation of errors in the flow of information.
(3) Verifying vessel position using all available means.
(4) Strong knowledge regarding the structure, capabilities, and limitations of electronic
charting and Global Positioning System (GPS) data.
(5) Compliance with established navigational procedures.
d. Documents that drive and guide navigation standards and decisions to ensure safe navigation
of Coast Guard cutters and boats span from the international to the unit level and include,
but are not limited to, the list and examples provided below. Awareness and knowledge of
these documents contribute to the development of Command Navigation Standards and safe
navigation of Coast Guard cutters and boats.
(1) International Level. International consensus standards provide industry standards for
systems design, performance, and evaluation. Consensus standards are particularly
applicable to electronic navigation. Examples include:
COMDTINST M3530.2F
3
(a) Navigation Standards established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Maritime Safety Committee.
(b) Standards from the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and
Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) concerning items such as the IALA Maritime
Buoyage System and other navigation guidance.
(2) Federal Level.
(a) Laws and Regulations. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR): Title 33 – Navigation
and Navigable Waters, specifies navigation requirements for private, commercial,
and public vessels.
(b) Doctrine. Includes publications by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
(NGA) and other governmental sources (e.g., The American Practical Navigator
(Bowditch), Pub 9). These documents contain the cumulative wealth of generations
of seagoing professionals and serve as the foundation of navigation knowledge and
skills.
(3) Organization/Program Level.
(a) Publications at the Coast Guard organizational and program levels include policy,
doctrine, and tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP). Reference (k) further
defines these publication types, their relationships to each other, and their various
audiences.
(b) The Office of Cutter Forces, Commandant (CG-751), and the Office of Boat Forces,
Commandant (CG-731), provide organizational guidance for cutter and boat
acquisition, navigation, and maneuvering in the form of requirements, policy,
doctrine, and TTP.
(4) Unit Level. Provides local policy, doctrine, and TTP that amplify procedures required to
ensure compliance with national and program policies and doctrine.
5. DISCLAIMER. This guidance is not a substitute for applicable legal requirements, nor is it itself a
rule. It is intended to provide guidance for Coast Guard personnel and is not intended to, nor does it,
impose legally binding requirements on any party outside the Coast Guard.
6. MAJOR CHANGES.
a. Previous Navigation Modes were defined as I, II, or III. These were updated/consolidated
into new definitions for Automated Plotting and Manual Plotting Navigation Modes.
b. Paper chart correction requirements were updated for the Manual Plotting Mode.
c. The requirement for currently corrected paper charts on boats was changed to requiring a
portfolio of currently corrected master paper charts onboard the unit.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
4
d. Seaman’s eye was included as an acceptable means of secondary navigation when
necessary.
e. Navigational and paper chart carriage requirements were clarified, or changed, for cutter
boats.
f. Voyage Planning and Voyage Monitoring terms were introduced in order to better align with
current International Maritime Organization (IMO) terminology.
g. Chapters were added/combined/updated.
(1) Separate Chapters were added for cutter and boat specific information.
(2) Content from previous Chapters (Navigation Planning and Briefs, Electronic Navigation, and
Paper Navigation) was moved into cutter and boat specific Chapters.
(3) A Chapter was added for Navigation Fundamentals, which incorporates general doctrine
from previous Chapters.
(4) A short Chapter was added for Completely Paperless Chart Navigation in order to prepare for
future changes.
h. Enclosures were updated/added.
(1) A Voyage Planning References and Resources Enclosure was added.
(2) A Boat Navigation Kit Outfit Enclosure was added.
(3) Enclosure (9), Cutter Logs and Records, was updated to change the requirement to locally
maintain getting underway and entering port/restricted waters checklists from 90 days to 30
days.
7. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT AND IMPACT CONSIDERATIONS.
a. The development of this Manual and the general policies contained within it have been
thoroughly reviewed by the originating office in conjunction with the Office of
Environmental Management, Commandant (CG-47). This Manual is categorically excluded
under current Department of Homeland Security (DHS) categorical exclusion DHS
(CATEX) A3 from further environmental analysis in accordance with the U.S. Coast Guard
Environmental Planning Policy, COMDTINST 5090.1 and the Environmental Planning (EP)
Implementing Procedures (IP).
b. This Manual will not have any of the following: significant cumulative impacts on the
human environment; substantial controversy or substantial change to existing environmental
conditions; or inconsistencies with any Federal, State, or local laws or administrative
determinations relating to the environment. All future specific actions resulting from the
general policy in this Manual must be individually evaluated for compliance with the
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Environmental Effects Abroad of Major
COMDTINST M3530.2F
5
Federal Actions, Executive Order 12114, Department of Homeland Security (DHS) NEPA
policy, Coast Guard Environmental Planning policy, and compliance with all other
applicable environmental mandates.
8. DISTRIBUTION. No paper distribution will be made of this Manual. An electronic version will be
located on the following Commandant (CG-612) web sites. CGPortal:
https://cg.portal.uscg.mil/library/directives/SitePages/Home.aspx and the Internet:
http://www.dcms.uscg.mil/directives.
9. RECORDS MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS. This Manual has been thoroughly reviewed
during the directives clearance process, and it has been determined there are no further records
scheduling requirements, in accordance with Federal Records Act, 44 U.S.C. 3101 et seq., National
Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, and Information and Life Cycle
Management Manual, COMDTINST M5212.12 (series). This policy does not create significant or
substantial change to existing records management requirements.
10. FORMS/REPORTS. The forms referenced in this Manual are available in USCG Electronic Forms
on the Standard Workstation or on the Internet: https://www.dcms.uscg.mil/forms/; and CG Portal
https://cg.portal.uscg.mil/library/forms/SitePages/Home.aspx. Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV)
Forms are available here: https://forms.documentservices.dla.mil/process/.
11. REQUEST FOR CHANGES. Commandants (CG-751) and (CG-731) will coordinate changes to this
Manual. This Manual is under continual review and will be updated as necessary. Time-sensitive
amendments will be promulgated via message, pending their inclusion in the next change. All users
are urged to provide recommendations for improvement to this Manual via the chain of command.
MATTHEW W. SIBLEY /s/
Rear Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard
Assistant Commandant for Capability
COMDTCHANGENOTE 3530
RECORD OF CHANGES
CHANGE
NUMBER
DATE OF
CHANGE
DATE
ENTERED
BY
WHOM ENTERED
CH-1
10 November 2021
10 November 2021
CWO Sean Stone
COMDTINST M3530.2F
i CH-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES AND TRAINING ................................................... 1-1
A. General ............................................................................................................................................... 1-1
B. Program Responsibility ...................................................................................................................... 1-1
C. Navigator Requirements for Cutters and Shore-Based Boat Units .................................................... 1-1
D. Command Responsibilities for all Units ............................................................................................ 1-1
E. Additional Command Responsibilities for Cutters ............................................................................ 1-1
F. Additional Command Responsibilities for Boats .............................................................................. 1-2
G. Training .............................................................................................................................................. 1-2
CHAPTER 2. NAVIGATION FUNDAMENTALS ................................................................................... 2-1
A. General ............................................................................................................................................... 2-1
B. Navigation Fundamentals .................................................................................................................. 2-1
C. Modes of Navigation.......................................................................................................................... 2-1
D. Seaman's Eye ..................................................................................................................................... 2-1
E. Overview of Navigation ..................................................................................................................... 2-1
F. Chart Types ........................................................................................................................................ 2-2
G. Approved Electronic Chart Hierarchy ............................................................................................... 2-3
H. Chart Correction and Updating .......................................................................................................... 2-4
I. Fixing a Vessel's Position .................................................................................................................. 2-4
J. Dead Reckoning ................................................................................................................................. 2-5
K. Challenges Inherent to Boat and Cutter Boat Navigation .................................................................. 2-6
L. The Role of Voyage Planning and Voyage Monitoring as Part of the Process of Navigation .......... 2-7
M. The Basics of Electronic Navigation Systems ................................................................................... 2-9
N. Satellite Navigation Systems ........................................................................................................... 2-11
CHAPTER 3. CUTTER NAVIGATION REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 3-1
A. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 3-1
B. Voyage Planning Requirements ......................................................................................................... 3-1
C. Voyage Monitoring Requirements ..................................................................................................... 3-6
D. Electronic Navigation Requirements ................................................................................................. 3-8
E. Paper Chart Navigation Requirements ............................................................................................. 3-10
F. Cutter Boat Specific Navigation Requirements ............................................................................... 3-11
CHAPTER 4. SHORE-BASED BOAT NAVIGATION REQUIREMENTS ....................................... 4-1
A. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4-1
B. Voyage Planning Requirements ......................................................................................................... 4-1
C. Voyage Monitoring Requirements ..................................................................................................... 4-4
D. Electronic Navigation Requirements ................................................................................................. 4-5
E. Paper Chart Navigation Requirements ............................................................................................... 4-6
CHAPTER 5. COMMAND NAVIGATION STANDARDS CONTENT REQUIREMENTS ......... 5-1
A. General ............................................................................................................................................... 5-1
B. Command Navigation Standards Content Requirements .................................................................. 5-1
COMDTINST M3530.2F
CH-1 ii
CHAPTER 6. COMPLETELY PAPERLESS CHART NAVIGATION ................................................ 6-1
A. Background/Commercial Chart Carriage Requirements ................................................................... 6-1
B. Sun-setting of Raster/Paper Charts .................................................................................................... 6-1
C. Authorized Paperless Coast Guard Vessels ....................................................................................... 6-1
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1: Primary Modes of Navigation .............................................................................................. 2-1
Table 2-2: Electronic Chart Hierarchy for Data Accuracy ..................................................................... 2-3
Table 2-3: Six Rules for Dead Reckoning .............................................................................................. 2-6
Table 3-1: Cutter Navigational Information .......................................................................................... 3-1
Table 3-2: Cutter Navigation Brief Items .............................................................................................. 3-5
Table 3-3: Cutter Navigation Mode Requirements ................................................................................ 3-6
Table 3-4: Cutter Boat Navigational and Voyage Planning Information ............................................. 3-11
Table 3-5: Cutter Boat Crew Brief Items .............................................................................................. 3-13
Table 4-1: Boat Crew Brief Items ........................................................................................................... 4-3
Table 4-2: Boat Navigation Mode Requirements ................................................................................... 4-4
Table 5-1: Command Navigation Standards Content Requirements ...................................................... 5-1
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1: Navigational Draft................................................................................................................. 2-7
Figure 2-2: Safety Depth display………………………………………………………………………..2-8
Figure 2-3: Safety Contour……………………………………………………………………………...2-8
ENCLOSURES
(1) LIST OF ACRONYMS
(2) ANCHORING
(3) CELESTIAL NAVIGATION
(4) NAVIGATION TEAMS
(5) LINE HANDLING COMMANDS
(6) HELM COMMANDS
(7) NAVIGATION PLOTTING SYMBOLS
(8) GPS OUTAGE REPORTING
(9) CUTTER LOGS AND RECORDS
(10) SAMPLE CUTTER GETTING UNDERWAY CHECKLIST
(11) SAMPLE CUTTER ENTERING PORT/APPROACHING RESTRICTED WATERS CHECKLIST
(12) VOYAGE PLANNING REFERENCES AND RESOURCES
(13) BOAT/CUTTER BOAT NAVIGATION KIT OUTFIT LIST
COMDTINST M3530.2F
1-1 CH-1
CHAPTER 1. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES AND TRAINING
A. General. This Chapter outlines navigation responsibilities for Coast Guard cutters and Boat
Forces units.
B. Program Responsibility. Commandant (CG-751) is responsible for cutter and cutter boat
navigation programs. Commandant (CG-731) is responsible for shore-based boat navigation
programs (shore-based boats are referred to as just “boats” for this Manual). Commandant (CG-
761) is responsible for Coast Guard electronic navigation capabilities for all units.
C. Navigator Requirements for Cutters and Shore-Based Boat Units.
1. Cutters: All cutters must designate a Navigator in accordance with Reference (a). The
Navigator must complete Reference (m), and be certified by the CO/OIC. Designated
Navigators should be an experienced underway OOD who possesses the requisite maturity,
judgment, training, and navigational proficiency required to fill this position. It is also
recommended that enlisted Navigators attend the Senior Bridge Resource Management
course. Reference (m) is available on the Cutter Forces
website:https://cg.portal.uscg.mil/units/cg751/IQP/SitePages/Home.aspx.
2. Shore-Based Boat Units: All shore based units must designate a Navigation Petty Officer in
accordance with Reference (c). Navigation Petty Officers must be certified by the CO/OIC
and be an experienced coxswain who has the navigational proficiency in electronic
navigation systems, nautical charts, and manual plotting methods. Reference (c) is available
on the Boat Forces website at https://cg.portal.uscg.mil/units/cg731/SitePages/Home.aspx.
D. Command Responsibilities for all Units.
1. Ensure compliance with the provisions of this Manual. COs/OICs of units that regularly
operate in the western rivers and/or inland waters must tailor the requirements of this Manual
to their unique areas of responsibility, missions, navigation techniques, and the lack of
accurate charting as appropriate, to ensure maximum compliance with the requirements
contained in this Manual in their Command Navigation Standards.
2. Promulgate Command Navigation Standards within 90 days of assuming command. Prior
Command Navigation Standards remain in effect until superseded.
3. Assign, train, and certify navigation personnel in accordance with References (a) through
(h), as appropriate.
4. Incorporate the principles of effective risk management into navigational planning in
accordance with Reference (g). Commands can tailor the risk assessment process to be
consistent with the complexity of the specific mission, but must not omit any step in the
process.
E. Additional Command Responsibilities for Cutters.
1. Ensure a primary navigation team is trained and proficient. See Enclosure (4) for
more information.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
CH-1 1-2
2. For cutters so equipped, maintain crew proficiency in anchoring in accordance with
Reference (b). See Enclosure (2) for more information.
3. Maintain crew proficiency in celestial navigation for WMSP, WAGB, WMSL, WHEC,
WMSM, WMEC, WIX, and D14/D17 WLB class cutters. See Enclosure (3) for more
information.
4. For cutters with a Combat Information Center (CIC), ensure a secondary navigation team
(CIC) is trained, proficient, and capable of fulfilling primary navigation team duties when
required. See Enclosure (4) for more information.
5. Fully understand all modes of operation for the cutter (e.g. dynamic positioning modes,
various propulsion configurations such as CODAG, gas turbine, etc.) and impacts of shifting
between modes during restricted waters transits on the cutter’s maneuverability and safe
navigation.
F. Additional Command Responsibilities for Boats.
1. Ensure boat crews are trained to provide navigation support functions to the Coxswain per
Reference (d).
2. Develop their coxswains’ ability to navigate by seaman’s eye through extensive Area of
Responsibility (AOR) familiarization and boat platform knowledge.
G. Training. Maintaining proficiency of navigation skills through training and practice is critical to
safe navigation. Additionally, a thorough understanding of navigation fundamentals is essential
to the proper operation of installed navigational equipment and sensors, understanding their
limitations, and reducing the risk presented by over reliance on any single source of information.
CO/OICs must:
1. Conduct navigation exercises in accordance with References (b) and (d).
2. Maintain proficiency in basic navigation skills, including:
a. Preparedness to operate in all modes of navigation.
b. Operation of installed charting system(s), radar, and sensors.
c. Emergency transition from Automated Plotting Mode to Manual Plotting Mode and,
following restoration of Automated Plotting Mode capability, the transition back to
Automated Plotting Mode.
d. Celestial navigation for those cutter classes required to maintain proficiency in this type of
navigation. See Enclosure (3).
COMDTINST M3530.2F
1-3
e. Piloting by seaman’s eye.
3. Consider the use of full mission simulation facilities to provide training in higher risk
scenarios. Simulation training should prioritize training of navigation doctrine over specific
equipment operation.
4. Ensure training integrates Bridge Resource Management in accordance with Reference (g).
5. In addition to requirements in References (b) through (f), when qualifying CO/OIC
designated members responsible for safe cutter/boat navigation, ensure they understand the
following:
a. The approved configuration of the installed Coast Guard eNav system and indicators that
the system capabilities are not performing as designed.
b. Quality and limitations of electronic charts used in the eNav system.
c. Voyage planning and voyage monitoring capabilities and procedures.
d. Manual positioning procedures.
e. Alarms or indications regarding displayed information or malfunctions.
f. The risks associated with over reliance on a single source of vessel positioning data,
such as AIS, GPS, radar, or navigation aids, for safe navigation and collision avoidance.
6. Ensure that current and prospective personnel attend mandated navigation Class “C”
school navigation-related courses in accordance with the appropriate cutter Master
Training List (MTL) and Reference (b).
COMDTINST M3530.2F
2-1
CHAPTER 2. NAVIGATION FUNDAMENTALS
A. General. This Chapter contains a basic description of navigation fundamentals. Later Chapters
establish navigational requirements, which are based on the fundamentals discussed in this Chapter.
B. Navigation Fundamentals. Current Coast Guard afloat navigation is primarily conducted by
electronic means. Navigation proficiency requires an understanding of the underlying electronic
system, as well as the inputs used by the system to generate the display seen by the operator. While
electronic navigation has proven very reliable, operators must always be proficient with the
traditional navigation principles used by the electronic system, in order to validate/evaluate what is
being displayed to them. Prudent Coast Guard afloat navigation personnel must have the ability to
correlate all available means of navigational information, and not just blindly follow the electronic
display.
C. Modes of Navigation. Many electronic navigation systems can be used in an automated mode or a
manual mode using manual inputs to determine vessel position if a primary positioning source fails
or is disrupted. In addition, the Coast Guard still recognizes, practices, and uses traditional
navigation techniques (including paper charts or other means such as visual lines of position and
radar ranges) and celestial navigation. The two modes of primary navigation are summarized in the
table below.
Navigation
Mode
Definition
Position
Source
Automated
Plotting
Installed eNav system, with automatic positioning input,
used as primary means of navigation.
Automatic
Input
Manual
Plotting
Installed eNav system, with manual positioning input, used
as primary means of navigation.
Or,
Traditional paper navigation used as primary means of
navigation, usually due to eNav failure. Planned use of
paper navigation is also done for proficiency and training or
when there is a lack of electronic chart availability.
Manual
Input
Table 2-1: Primary Modes of Navigation
D. Seaman’s Eye. Seaman's eye is defined as navigation based on an extensive knowledge of the local
area to include aids to navigation, terrestrial landmarks, and depth contours. Seaman’s eye, coupled
with all other available navigational tools, can be used by Coast Guard boat coxswains as a primary
method of boat navigation and to maintain the situational awareness of the boat’s position. For
cutters, seaman’s eye can correlate what is being displayed on electronic navigation systems with
what is being observed visually.
E. Overview of Navigation. Regardless of the mode of navigation, the basic process for navigation is
the same. Only the method and medium upon which positional information is plotted, viewed, and
evaluated varies depending on the mode of navigation in use. The following Paragraphs provide an
overview of the basic process of navigation.
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1. Cartography and Nautical Charts. The process of navigation begins with an understanding of
cartography and nautical charts. Users must understand the type of chart projection in use and
how the scale of the chart in use impacts the user’s ability to see details in depth contours,
soundings, obstructions, navigational aids, and other chart information. Users must also
understand the chart datum and be aware of the age of soundings. Whether using paper or
electronic charts, users should always utilize the largest scale chart available for the area in
which they are operating.
2. Chart Plotting Symbology. Navigation personnel must be well versed in chart plotting
symbology for both paper and electronic charts. Based on the type of electronic chart or
electronic navigation in use, there may be slight differences in chart symbology and display.
3. Use all Available Tools. The resources available to navigate vary by individual vessel platform.
For boats that have limited electronics or tools for navigation, there will be increased reliance on
the use of seaman's eye for navigation. Regardless, all available means for navigation must be
used to the maximum extent possible.
4. Process of Navigation. The basic process of navigation is the same for cutters and boats. It
begins with a thorough knowledge of plotting and labeling tracklines, using dead reckoning, turn
bearings and ranges, plotting visual and electronic fixes, understanding danger bearings and
ranges, and how to use and correct both paper and electronic charts. Then, using a known or
estimated starting point, the process of navigation utilizes dead reckoning to estimate a vessel’s
expected position along a known trackline. At regular intervals, the vessel’s position is fixed and
compared to the dead reckoning position to determine the effects of current, wind, and other
external elements on the intended track. This enables navigation personnel to adjust the intended
track to compensate for these external forces and ensure the safe navigation of the vessel.
Electronic navigation systems perform this same process, continually and automatically, and fuse
in additional inputs from other onboard equipment, to provide the user with more situational
awareness of their navigational situation.
F. Chart Types.
1. Electronic Charts. There are two general types of electronic charts: vector and raster. Both vector
and raster chart data have inherent limitations. Vector charts are the preferred electronic chart
type with Coast Guard eNav systems.
a. Vector Charts. These charts include Electronic Navigation Charts (ENC), Inland Electronic
Navigation Charts (IENC), and Digital Nautical Charts (DNC). Vector charts consist of
points, lines, and area data that represent real world objects and are stored as a separate data
file that can be queried by chart users. They also allow the electronic navigation system to
test each object for user-defined grounding or height alarms. Vector charts also allow users to
hide or display certain chart objects based on zoom level and operator preference.
b. Raster Charts. Each paper chart has a corresponding raster chart that is its digital image
equivalent. Raster charts are merely a scanned image of a chart. Since it is not "layered",
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users cannot adjust filters, apply corrections, set grounding or height alarms, or query raster
chart data for amplifying information on object or notes.
2. Paper Charts. Paper charts are supplied through government sources such as the National
Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), or purchased
locally from approved chart vendors who meet the chart printing requirements. While several
different types of chart projections exist and contain inherent distortions, most paper charts are
produced using a Mercator projection.
G. Approved Electronic Chart Hierarchy. Table 2-2 shows the Coast Guard’s approved hierarchy of
electronic charts based on data accuracy. Additional information for each chart type is listed below.
Electronic Chart Hierarchy for Data Accuracy
1. Official ENC/USACE IENC
2. NGA DNC
3. Official RNC
4. Commercial Vector Chart
5. Commercial Raster Charts
Table 2-2: Electronic Chart Hierarchy for Data Accuracy
1. Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC). Government-authorized hydrographic offices (NOAA)
produce and issue official ENCs. ENCs use US Chart 1 symbology. Updates are available at:
http://www.charts.noaa.gov/ENCs/ENCs.shtml.
2. Inland Electronic Navigational Charts (IENC). US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) produces
and issues IENCs, basing them on the ENC format with data that conforms to the Inland ENC
Harmonization Group (IEHG) standard. IENC must meet the issuing criteria detailed above for
ENCs. These charts cover the Western Rivers and have additional symbols specific to this
region not found on other ENCs. Updates are available at:
http://navigation.usace.army.mil/Survey/InlandCharts.
3. Digital Nautical Charts (DNC). NGA produces and issues DNCs for use outside of US waters,
where NOAA does not have ENC coverage. NGA is in the process of converting DNCs to the
ENC format, but they have not been released yet. NGA publishes DNCs in general, coastal,
approach, and harbor libraries. NGA updates DNCs monthly, and users can download DNCs
directly from NGA’s website. However, as these charts rely on other country’s hydrographic
data, the data on these charts is only as reliable as the standards set by the host country’s
Hydrographic Office. DNCs present data using NGA’s Geospatial Symbols for Digital Displays,
which corresponds to the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Electronic Chart
Display and Information System (ECDIS) Presentation Library and IHO International Chart 1.
NGA DNC updates are available at: https://www.geointel.nga.mil/products/dnc/#updated. NGA
Registration is at: https://pki.geointel.nga.mil/servlet/RegistrationForm.
4. Raster Navigational Charts (RNC). Government-authorized hydrographic offices produce and
issue RNCs. The chart name usually aligns with the equivalent paper chart. NOAA's RNCs use
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US Chart 1 symbology. RNCs other than NOAA's RNCs use symbols based on International
Chart 1 and contain variants as determined by the producer. Updates are available at:
http://www.charts.noaa.gov/RNCs/RNCs.shtml. NOAA is phasing out production of paper and
raster charts. Users should note that raster products still in existence may not be updated as
frequently, or may have only been updated with those corrections listed in the LNM and some
updates otherwise deemed as “critical.” RNC products will not have as up to date hydrographic
data as is available with ENC.
H. Chart Correction and Updating. Notice to Mariners (NTM) and Local Notice to Mariners (LNM)
provide needed chart correction updates. Paper chart corrections need to be manually plotted on the
chart. A record of the updates applied to a paper chart are listed on a mariner’s cross, located on the
chart. For electronic charts, the Coast Guard has contractual agreements in place to provide units
with a periodic update to both cutter and boat electronic charting systems. Some electronic charts
may also be updated manually.
I. Fixing a Vessel’s Position. The equipment available to fix a vessel’s position varies by platform, but
the process is the same. Electronic navigation systems provide continual and near-real time fix
positions. However, navigation personnel must understand and be proficient in the use of all
available means to fix their position, especially if or when, installed electronic systems fail or
become unreliable. This Section discusses the types of fixes that may be used and the basic
processes for obtaining a fix.
1. The Process of Fixing a Vessel’s Position. Fixing a vessel’s position uses fixed, terrestrial, or
celestial objects to generate lines of position (LOPs) and/or radar ranges. These LOPs or radar
ranges must be taken as simultaneously as possible to ensure accuracy and must be adjusted as
required to account for computed errors (e.g. gyro error, repeater errors, or radar range errors).
These LOPs and radar ranges are then entered into an electronic navigation system or plotted on
a paper chart. The intersection of LOPs and/or radar ranges at a singular point is the vessel’s
“fixed” position at the time of observation. A position may also be fixed when installed
positioning equipment that provides latitude and longitude is plotted on an electronic or paper
chart. Enclosure (7) contains standard fix symbology used in the Coast Guard. From this fixed
position, navigation personnel can determine the effects of external forces on their vessel,
compensate accordingly, create new dead reckoning plots, and ensure the safe navigation of their
vessel. For vessels with integrated navigation systems, overlaying the radar image on the
electronic chart can also be used as a form of fixing a vessel’s position. Based on the equipment
and process used to fix a position, a fix may be classified as one of the following:
a. Electronic Fix. The use of installed electronic equipment to develop a position fix includes:
(1) Latitude and longitude provided by installed positioning equipment.
(2) The common intersection of three or more radar ranges, or a combination of visual LOPs
and radar ranges, obtained from simultaneous observations, is an electronic fix.
b. Visual Fix. The common intersection of three or more lines of position at a common point
obtained from simultaneous observations. (Lines of position from celestial bodies, if properly
advanced from the time of observation, may also be included, despite not being simultaneous
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observations.)
c. Running Fix. Used when limited objects are available for taking LOPs and the vessel remains
on a consistent course. This type of fix advances or retires a LOP taken to the same object at
two different times to fix the vessel’s position
2. Verify Vessel Position. Radar/chart matching involves verifying the vessel’s position with the
installed eNav system and the radar to match features that appear on both (e.g. Radar overlay
feature on eNav System). The use of a fathometer to match observed depth with charted depth is
also a means of verification.
3. Evaluate Position Fixes. Whether a fix is taken by visual or electronic means, it must be
evaluated. This means the fix must be analyzed with due regard to its accuracy, relation to the
vessel’s intended track, proximity of shoal water or other navigational hazards, environmental
conditions and their effect on a vessel’s intended track, and any other situation dependent factors
that must be considered for safe navigation. The following Paragraphs describe some of the
external factors that may influence a vessel’s position relative to its intended track:
a. Set and Drift. Set and Drift is the cumulative effect of wind, tide, and current on a vessel’s
movement through the water. Set is the direction, (True or Magnetic degrees), these
cumulative influences have moved the vessel towards, relative to the vessel’s expected
position. Drift is how these cumulative influences have affected the planned speed of the
vessel. Navigation personnel can adjust actual courses and speeds to counteract the
cumulative influences of Set and Drift to ensure the planned direction and speed of the vessel
is achieved.
b. Vessel Advance and Transfer. Especially during or after executing a turn, deviations from
intended track and track speed may occur from the turning characteristics of the vessel. There
are many factors that influence a vessel’s advance and transfer that must be accounted for in
the process of navigation. Advance is the distance along the vessel’s current track it will
travel during a turn. Transfer is the distance perpendicular, or the slide, a vessel will
experience as it travels through a turn. Most electronic navigation systems enable operators
to input a vessel’s tactical data into the system for the purposes of computed wheel over
points, slide lines, or turn points. This computation must be performed manually on paper
charts.
c. Plotting Errors. Fix evaluation must also account for the potential for plotting errors and
inaccuracies with individual LOPs or radar ranges in use due to non-simultaneous
observations or inaccuracies with how the LOP or radar range was determined. Consistent
issues with individual objects or radar ranges may necessitate changing the object or radar
range used for navigation.
J. Dead Reckoning. Both electronic and paper chart navigation utilize dead reckoning, which is the
process of plotting a course from a known position, at a given speed and duration of time, to
determine a vessel’s anticipated or estimated position along a trackline. When compared to the
vessel’s known or fixed position at a specific time, it enables personnel to determine the effect of
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external influences, such as wind, current, and tide on a vessel’s motion. The following table lists
general rules for constructing and maintaining a dead reckoning plot.
Six Rules for Dead Reckoning
1. Plot a new DR position at least every hour on the hour.
2. Plot a new DR position at every course change.
3. Plot a new DR position at every speed change.
4. Plot a new DR position after each fix or running fix.
5. Plot a new DR position when obtaining a single line of position.
6. Plot a new course line from each fix or running fix.
Table 2-3: Six Rules for Dead Reckoning
K. Challenges Inherent to Boat and Cutter Boat Navigation. The navigation process described above is
inherently more challenging for Coast Guard boats due to limited availability of navigation
equipment as well as limited space to conduct navigation. While installed electronic navigation
systems on Coast Guard boats are highly reliable, boat coxswains must be practiced and ready to use
other means to safely navigate in case these systems fail. The following Paragraphs describe
secondary processes boat coxswains (and in some cases, cutter boat coxswains) can use to navigate
their platforms:
1. Manual Plotting. In the event of a failure of a required input to a boat’s electronic navigation
system, positions from installed positioning receivers can be plotted on a paper chart. This
method can be especially challenging for open construction boats, as paper charts will be exposed
to the elements limiting the practicality of this method of boat navigation for extended periods.
2. Use of Radar Ranges. Most Coast Guard boats have installed radar systems. If there is a failure of
the primary positioning source in an installed electronic navigation system, radar ranges can be
obtained, plotted, and used for navigation. If the boat’s installed electronic system permits the
use of manually inputted radar ranges, this is the preferred process for boat navigation following
a failure of the installed electronic navigation system. Otherwise, boat coxswains should obtain
and plot radar ranges on paper charts to the extent possible based on the boat platform in use.
3. Use of Danger Ranges and Soundings. When unable to take a fix or maintain an active plot of a
boat’s position during a transit, boat coxswains can use danger ranges and soundings to assist
with safe boat navigation. While not a fix, determining and using danger ranges and soundings
can help estimate a boat’s position relative to known hazards or the boundaries of a navigational
channel. The use danger ranges and soundings requires active monitoring of the radar or depth
sounder by the boat coxswain or another boat crewman.
4. Use of Seaman’s Eye. In some cases, the use of seaman's eye may be the most prudent form of
navigation to estimate position without navigational instruments. An estimated position can be
determined by utilizing distances and angles obtained from instinctive knowledge and
experience. Seaman's eye as a tool and form of navigation takes time and practice, to develop
proficiency. Navigating by seaman's eye requires significant afloat competence, including the
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ability to collate all available inputs in a given situation and combine that with intimate
knowledge of boat handling characteristics to then take a course of action that demonstrates
prudent judgment and seamanship.
L. The Role of Voyage Planning and Voyage Monitoring as Part of the Process of Navigation. The
International Maritime Organization uses the terms Voyage Planning and Voyage Monitoring as a
part of the overall process of navigation. The development of a voyage plan, as well as the close and
continuous monitoring of the vessel's progress and position during the execution of such a plan
(voyage monitoring), are essential to safe and efficient navigation.
1.
Voyage Planning. Voyage planning encompasses the development of long and short-term plans
as well as contingency plans for a particular transit. It is the process of detailed planning of the
entire voyage including port calls or stops along the way. Command Navigation Standards,
Standing Orders, operational bills, and navigation checklists are planning tools that support safe
and successful navigation. These planning tools help guide the short-term plans that commands
can tailor to meet the unique requirements of each operation. Short-term plans include chart
preparations as well as navigation and boat crew briefs. These short-term plans could be very
elaborate, consisting of complete tracklines, piloting procedure discussions, and extensive briefs
regarding planned operations or they may simply be a brief to the crew before launching a boat.
Voyage planning references and resources are provided in Enclosure (12).
a. Navigational Draft. Navigational Draft is defined as a depth of water that serves as the
threshold for safe operations, as determined be the CO/OIC. Navigational Draft is calculated
by adding the total vessel draft (including appendages in displacement mode) with a safety
margin. The safety margin ensures timely warning and response prior to a portion of the vessel
making contact with the bottom. Accounting for navigational draft is a critical piece of the
voyage planning process to ensure safe navigation.
b. Navigational Draft Illustration. The following graphic illustrates Navigational Draft.
Figure 2-1: Navigational Draft
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c. Safety Depth. Safety depth is the ECDIS term that has an identical definition to
Navigation Draft. Navigation Draft is the input value for safety depth on the ECDIS. The
CO/OIC must refer to the applicable operator’s manual and be aware of any system
defaults.
Figure 2-2: Safety Depth display
d. Safety Contour. Safety contour is a highlighted depth contour used to distinguish the
boundary between navigable waters, and waters shallower than the safety depth value on
the ECDIS. The safety contour is set at the Navigation Draft, which is normally entered as
the Safety depth.
Figure 2-3: Safety Contour
e. Shallow Contour. Usually set as own ship's deep draft (maximum physical draft in loaded
state, plus the calculated squat) to emphasize the contour shallower than the Safety
Contour. This is the actual "run aground" draft input as a setting on the ECDIS.
f. Deep Contour. Deep Contour is a depth setting normally set to twice the ship’s safety
depth (Navigation Draft) to indicate the limit of sea area where shallow water effects on
the vessel can occur. The CO/OIC should take the depth of Navigation Draft into account
when setting the Deep Contour setting and must refer to the applicable operator’s manual
and be aware of any system defaults.
Safety Contour
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2.
Voyage Monitoring. Voyage monitoring is the process of continuously monitoring a vessel’s planned
voyage to ensure the plan is followed. Voyage monitoring includes establishing procedures for
making changes to the established voyage plan and making appropriate notifications when changes
are required.
M. The Basics of Electronic Navigation Systems. Coast Guard installed electronic navigation systems vary
in complexity and in their ability to mitigate navigational risk. System capabilities range from display of
a vessel’s position on an approved electronic chart to systems that integrate all navigation sensors. On
more modern platforms, electronic navigation systems also interface with external tactical systems.
Alarms from sensors and from chart data can warn of potentially dangerous situations well in advance.
Electronic navigation systems do not replace the process of navigation, but their ability to integrate real-
time position information with an electronic chart display allows vessels to have an immediate
assessment of position. However, over reliance on electronic navigation systems can cause tunnel vision
or ignorance of fundamental signs of danger. To prevent this, it is critical to understand system
limitations and use foundational navigation skills to properly prepare these systems and detect errors.
1. Approved Coast Guard Electronic Navigation Systems (eNav). Commandant (CG-751) maintains a
list of approved Coast Guard electronic navigation systems and additional information to support
unit electronic navigation capabilities at the Cutter Forces website
https://cg.portal.uscg.mil/units/cg751/NAV/Forms/AllItems.aspx.
2. System Configuration and Settings. When using electronic navigation systems for navigation, it is
critical to ensure cutter and boat personnel responsible for navigation have a thorough understanding
of the system’s operation and functional capabilities as it is easy for operators to manipulate the
system settings, configurations, or display to function against safe navigation practices, thereby
increasing risk to the cutter or boat. Ensuring correct system inputs, such as cutter or boat draft
information and masthead height, are critical to effective system operation.
3. Electronic Navigation Display Objects. Depending on the chart type in use, electronic navigation
systems allow operators to display certain chart information in layers. Typically, this chart
information falls into one of three categories.
a. Display Base. The chart content that cannot be removed from the display. This represents the
minimum set of information and is not intended to be sufficient for navigation. Shallow water,
safety contour, and isolated hazards to navigation are included in the display base depending on
the cutter or boat information entered into the eNav system.
b. Standard Display. The minimum information required for display during route planning and
route monitoring for safe navigation of the vessel.
c. All Other Information. Other information, in addition to the standard display, to be shown
individually (by class) on demand, to ensure safe navigation of specific operating areas/
conditions.
4. Use of System Profiles. Many electronic navigation systems have the capability to set, save, and lock
operator settings in a profile. This allows transition from one Navigation Zone/Area to another
quickly and reliably, with the same set of settings applied consistently. For instance, the dead
reckoning interval and chart features displayed onscreen vary depending on the navigational
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zone/area. Changing profiles applies all of the settings within the electronic navigation system with
one action. It is also possible (and recommended) for units to create standard profiles for vessel-
specific evolutions (e.g., anchoring, or working a buoy on the port or starboard side that changes the
safety-checking region accordingly).
5. Electronic Chart Data Scaling.
a. Viewing. Electronic chart data is most accurate when displayed at its source scale.
Scaling/zooming in, or out, distorts the visually perceived relative distance between chart objects.
However, some systems display an overscale pattern if outside its source scale. In addition,
cursor-indicated positions for charted features vary when scaling the chart.
b.Display Matching. Display matching ensures displayed information is consistently oriented to the
viewer, thereby preventing errors in interpretation.
(1) When the system displays radar and electronic chart data together in overlay mode, the
display must match in scale, orientation, and projection. For example, scaling out the radar to
24 NM when the electronic chart scale is at 3 NM can cause misinterpretations.
(2) Display Matching and Chart Matching are not the same; Chart Matching is a means of fix
verification, Display Matching is not.
6. Alarms. Electronic navigation systems have many alarms available to the operator that provide
valuable information only if they are properly configured for the prevailing navigational situation.
Too few alarms increase the risk to the safe navigation of the vessel. However, setting too many
alarms creates distractions and makes it difficult, or impossible, to identify risk to the safe navigation
of the vessel.
a. Alarm Hierarchy. Generally, Coast Guard electronic navigation systems have three alarm levels
as described below. For units with eNav systems that do not use this three-alarm hierarchy,
ensure operators know the corresponding alarm levels and functions for the eNav system in use.
(1) Danger. The system produces a continuous audible alarm and flashes red. Danger alarms alert
the user to issues that require immediate attention.
(2) Warning. The system produces a brief audible alarm and flashes yellow. Warning alarms
alert the user to issues that, if left uncorrected, could compromise navigational safety.
(3) Caution. The system flashes yellow. Caution alarms are normally advisory.
b. Chart Objects. Users can select specific chart objects (e.g., Aids to Navigation (ATON),
Cautionary Areas, Land) and assign a specific alarm level based on distance to the object and
other factors.
c. Sensors. The system can produce an alarm when a sensor fails, the connection is lost, or the data
of the sensor is not valid.
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d. Targets. Users can configure alarms for targets by changing the minimum Closest Point of
Approach (CPA) distance or time. Setting both distance and time to a value of zero is considered
disabling the target alarm.
7. Display of Navigational Information. Electronic navigation systems also permit the display of useful
information for vessel navigation. Specific types of navigational information a system may display
includes:
a. Advance of Vessel Position. Vessel position is advanced (direction and speed) between fixes
based on the selected own vessel velocity vector. Several means of direction and speed may be
available, depending on the positioning source in use and system capabilities. Ordered course and
speed differs from course over ground and speed over ground or course and speed through the
water.
b. Dead Reckoning (DR). A properly maintained DR plot is the foundation for maintaining an
acceptable estimate of the vessel’s position between fixes, and it provides valuable information
in evaluating the effects of external forces on the vessel and ensuring the safe navigation of the
vessel.
c. Set and Drift. eNav systems have two ways to calculate set and drift. A thorough understanding
of each method is essential to proper navigation, especially in restricted waters.
(1) Computed. Continuously updated set and drift obtained by comparing own ship heading to
course over ground and own ship speed to speed over ground. This gives a constantly
fluctuating “in the moment” set and drift.
(2) Ordered. Ordered course and speed are entered, set and drift is calculated over the entered fix
interval, resulting in a long term set and drift, similar to paper chart calculations (i.e. instead
of every second, set and drift is calculated every designated fix).
N. Satellite Navigation Systems. There are multiple Global Navigation Satellite Positioning Systems
(GNSS) available, which enable precise navigation around the world. Coast Guard assets are required to
use the United States Government owned and controlled Global Positioning System (GPS) for primary
navigation and automated plotting mode. GPS positions can also be used for navigating in manual
plotting mode. Alternate satellite positioning or terrestrial based triangulation systems, can be used to
verify a vessel’s position when navigating using traditional methods and manual plotting.
1. GPS Corrections. The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) is the only GPS corrections
currently authorized for Coast Guard vessel use in restricted waters (e.g., major ports).
2. GPS Receiver and WAAS. Units equipped with a GPS receiver capable of receiving GPS corrections
from the WAAS are authorized to use this feature. WAAS is a satellite-based GPS augmentation
system implemented by the Federal Aviation Administration to support lateral and vertical
navigation for all phases of flight in the U.S.
3. Deliberate GPS Disruptions. The signals from all satellite positioning systems are limited in power
and are very susceptible to jamming or spoofing. The operating bands for most satellite systems are
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close enough to one another that if one is being blocked or altered, others will likely be affected.
Reporting procedures for GPS disruptions are found in Enclosure (8).
a. Jamming is when a satellite positioning system’s signal is blocked and a precise position is
unable to be obtained.
b. Spoofing is when a satellite positioning system’s signal is altered with the objective of changing
the targeted vessel’s satellite position readout to a location other than where the vessel actually
resides.
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CHAPTER 3. CUTTER NAVIGATION REQUIREMENTS
A.
Introduction. COs/OICs must describe in their Command Navigation Standards how they will meet
the requirements of this Chapter, accounting for the risks associated with their AOR(s) and mission
set. See Chapter 2, Navigation Fundamentals, for general descriptions.
B.
Voyage Planning Requirements. CO/OICs must ensure completion of the following items as part of
the voyage planning process.
1. Navigational Information. The Command Navigation Standards must specify the following
required navigational information to meet voyage planning requirements.
Cutter Navigational Information
1. Navigational Draft.
11. Location of GPS antenna.
2. Safety Contour.
12. Distance from hawsepipe to alidade.*
3. Shallow Contour.
13. Distance from hawsepipe to GPS
antenna.*
4. Safety Depth.
14. Distance from hawsepipe to stern.*
5. Length Overall.
15. Distance from radar antenna to
hawsepipe.*
6. Vessel Beam.
16. Distance from GPS antenna to stern.*
7. Masthead height (fixed and unfixed, if
applicable.)
17. Distance from radar antenna to stern.*
8. Unclassified tactical data.
18. Line handling commands. See Enclosure
(5).
9. Full load draft.
19. Standard Helm commands. See Enclosure
(6).
10. Height of bridge above the waterline.
20. Engine order commands vary between
cutter classes based on engine
c
onfiguration and equipment. COs/OICs
must ensure Command Navigati
on
S
tandards include standard engine order
commands and engine/propulsi
on
c
onfigurations as appropriate for the
cutter.
(*Note – If applicable.)
Table 3-1: Cutter Navigational Information
2. Define Navigational Zones/Areas. Command Navigation Standards must define applicable
navigational zones/areas, which reflect the risk associated with locations within a unit’s normal
AOR. The following are zones/areas normally associated with cutters (as applicable, for AOR):
a. Shoal Water.
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b. Restricted Waters.
c. Piloting Waters.
d. Coastal Waters.
e. Open Ocean.
3. Identify Appropriate Fix Interval. Fix intervals must be identified in the Command Navigation
Standards for each navigational zone/area. Intervals must not exceed one hour without CO/OIC
authorization. Regardless of navigation mode in use, fixing a cutter’s position at regular
intervals, coupled with an assessment of the cutter’s navigation and maneuvering situation (e.g.,
speed of the vessel, proximity of shoal water, weather conditions, and mission parameters), helps
ensure the safe navigation of the vessel.
4. Route Planning. Command Navigation Standards must provide guidance for route planning using
electronic systems and must include, at a minimum:
a. Timely identification and impact of Notice to Mariner/Local Notice to Mariner (NTM/LMN)
issued since the last electronic chart update.
b. CO/OIC approved tracklines, principal navigation routes, and waypoints.
c. Maximum allowable cross track error along each route and/or track leg as appropriate.
5. Additional Navigational Requirements. Command Navigation Standards must provide guidance
on the below Sections at a minimum:
a. Unique Operations. Include specific requirements for special or AOR specific operations,
such as high speed, pursuit, and/or aids to navigation.
b. Speed Management Expectations. Rule six of the COLREGS/Inland Navigation Rules
defines safe speed for all vessels. Units must include speed management expectations in
their Command Navigation Standards. The intention is to make crews aware of the
effects of excessive speed and over confidence aboard increasingly capable assets. In
addition to the safe speed considerations discussed in COLREGS/Inland Navigation
Rules, Command Navigation Standards must discuss unit/AOR specific considerations
such as; operational urgency, local regulations, bridge resource management, and asset
characteristics.
c. Cell Phone and Mobile Electronics Usage. Define policy for the use of cell phones/
texting/mobile devices and phone/device applications on the bridge by watchstanders.
6. Chart and Publication Preparations. Charts (electronic and paper, as appropriate) must be
currently corrected to ensure proper display and highlighting of hazards to navigation (e.g.,
overhead obstructions, prohibited areas, shoal water, etc.) along the intended route and within the
AOR. On all charts used for navigation, crews must verify information is identical on each chart
to ensure navigation decision-makers have the same navigational information/picture.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
3-3
a. General Chart and Publication Preparation Requirements.
(1) Conduct annual review of chart and publication holdings, and route any requests for new
products or allowance changes via the chain of command.
(2) Maintain an updated electronic chart portfolio.
(3) Prior to getting underway, ensure all ready charts and any additional patrol specific
charts and required publications (Coast Pilot, Light List, Tide Tables, and COLREGS/
Inland Navigation Rules) necessary for safe navigation are currently corrected and
onboard (electronic or paper).
b. Electronic Chart Preparations.
(1) If the eNav system permits, all tracklines on electronic charts used in restricted waters
must display the following labels:
(a) True Course.
(b) Magnetic Course.
(2) The Navigator must consult electronic chart and information products applicable to the
intended route or AOR to ensure all available updates and precautions for the route or
area are accounted for.
(3) The eNav system (SINS-I, SINS-II, Seawatch, etc.) must make use of the depth contours
function to highlight shoal water or a more conservative safety depth contour.
c. Paper Chart Preparations (if utilized).
(1) Designate a list of ready charts based on individual unit requirements. Any paper
charts used for restricted waters navigation must be corrected prior to use and
prepared in accordance with this Section’s requirements. Paper charts used for
restricted waters navigation must be signed, or otherwise certified, by the unit
CO/OIC as being fully prepared, corrected, and ready for use.
(2) Shoal Water must be penned in a color and weight that will stand out, even under
night lighting.
(3) Label CO/OIC approved tracklines on ready charts for restricted waters transits
with the following:
(a) True Course (only required for vessels fitted with a gyrocompass).
(b) Magnetic Course.
(c) Distance of each track leg.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
3-4
(d) Intended Track Speed.
(e) Visual and radar navigation points. See Enclosure (7). Also listed in a gazetteer in
accordance with Enclosure (9).
(f) Danger bearings/ranges to navigational hazards not marked by navigation aids.
(g) Turn bearings/ranges.
(h) Slide lines for advance and transfer based on the ship’s tactical data for the intended
speed/rudder combination.
(i) Label chart shifts on all charts. Bridge and CIC (if applicable) must shift charts within
1 fix interval and must avoid shifting paper charts at the same time or immediately
prior to a turn.
(4) When plotting tracklines on paper charts for use outside of restricted waters, label with
the following:
(a) True Course (only required for vessels fitted with a gyrocompass).
(b) Magnetic Course.
(c) Distance of Track Leg.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
3-5
7. Navigation Briefs. Briefs are a critical element of the navigational planning process and ensure
safe navigation of Coast Guard cutters. They are tailored specifically to operations and serve to
ensure all members involved have a common understanding of the risks present and actions to
mitigate those risks. Briefs must be conducted prior to getting underway, entering port and, if
possible, prior to entering restricted waters and include the following, when applicable:
Cutter Navigation Brief Items
1. Assignment of Navigation Team positions and
review of duties as outlined in Enclosure (4).
18. Review of pertinent information from Fleet Guide,
Coast Pilot, and Sailing Directions.
2. Review of charts and intended track including
results of scanned route.
19. Expected sightings and characteristics of key aids to
navigation.
3. Electronic chart selection, specific type (e.g.,
ENC, DNC, etc.) and paper chart selection (if
used), and any known chart offset.
20. ATON discrepancies along track or other items of
note from LNM, NTM, or current Broadcast Notice
to Mariners.
4. Restricted, prohibited, and cautionary areas along
intended track.
21. Anticipated vessel traffic (cutters should plan to
avoid meeting deep draft vessels at turns or
intersections).
5. Maximum allowable deviation from track and
confirmation that electronic chart cross track
warnings are aligned with max deviation from
track, if applicable.
22. Environmental considerations including tides,
currents, weather, and environmentally sensitive
areas (e.g., marine sanctuaries). Note: Tide and
current data should be available at all conning
stations and CIC.
6. Planned speed of advance and maximum safe
speed.
23. Areas where the cutter can/cannot anchor in an
emergency.
7. Intended speed/rudder combination for turns, if
different than specified standards.
24. Port or Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) requirements
including speed limits, pilotage, working
frequencies, and check in points.
8. Chart shifts, if paper charts are used.
25. Agreed-upon rendezvous/recovery points.
9. Demarcation line crossings.
26. Traffic Separation Schemes.
10. Planned fix interval.
27. Engineering plant status.
11. AIS mode to be used (e.g., normal, receive only,
encrypted, etc.). Method and date of most recent
AIS vessel information verification for cutters and
cutter boats. Ensure encrypted AIS key is current
per Chapter 5 D.6 of Reference (l).
28. Identification of hazards to navigation and how the
risks will be mitigated and/or accepted, including:
Navigation warnings, danger bearings/ranges, danger
soundings, bridge vertical clearances, proximity-
guard alarms, depth alarms, etc.
12. Navigation equipment status.
29. Mooring or anchoring arrangements including time
to moor/unmoor and pier face.
13. eNav back up arrangement, if applicable.
30. Port information and availability of shore-based
resources (if applicable).
14. Status of electronic position fixing systems
(GPS/NDGPS) to include expected accuracy and
outages.
31. Anticipated time of setting the Special Sea Detail,
Anchoring and Mooring Bills, Engineering
Restricted Maneuvering Doctrine, and Navigation
Detail.
15. International Association of Marine Aids to
Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)
buoyage system and whether inbound or
outbound.
32. Conduct risk assessment in accordance with
Reference (g).
16. Communication requirements.
33. Conduct debriefs following navigation evolutions to
evaluate and recognize performance.
17. Chart datum (e.g., WGS 84) and verification of
positioning source datum.
34. The planned mode of operation (DP, harbor, cruise)
for the transit.
Table 3-2: Cutter Navigation Brief Items
COMDTINST M3530.2F
3-6
8. Verify Essential Systems are Ready for Navigation.
a. Prior to getting underway or entering restricted waters, conduct a steering test and propulsion
check in accordance with Reference (a).
b. Prior to getting underway, verify the accuracy of all positioning sources and navigational
equipment (e.g., GPS, radar, gyrocompass/alternate heading source, etc.).
9. Set Appropriate Navigation Station Manning Levels. (e.g., Special Sea Detail)
10. Select and Prepare for Appropriate Navigation Mode. See Table 3-3 below:
Navigation
Mode
Chart Requirements System Requirements Other Requirements
Automated
Plotting
(1) Updated electronic chart
in use in accordance with
approved chart hierarchy.
(1) Fully mission capable eNav
system properly configured
I
AW Command Navigatio
n
S
tandards.
(1) Unit capable of transitioning
to an approved redundant or
back-up system in the event
of a component or system
failure or use manual plottin
g
methods until system
restored.
Manual
Plotting
(1) Updated electronic
and/or current edition of
paper chart is onboard.
(2) Corrected paper chart is
required if planned to be
used as a primary means
of navigation.
(3) Corrected paper chart is
not required for restricted
waters navigation if used
only as a temporary
response to an eNav
failure.
(1) Operable electronic system
available that is capable of
recording and plotting lines
of position and ranges t
o
pr
ovide fix information.
Otherwise, paper chart
navigation using traditional
navigation methods is
required.
(2) Radar and visual bearing
objects are labeled and
displayed in the eNav system
for restricted water transits.
(1) Unit proficiency in traditional
navigation methods, including
the use of seaman’s eye.
Table 3-3: Cutter Navigation Mode Requirements
2. Enable Appropriate Sensor and System Alarms (if equipped).
a. Depth Alarm (properly configured for transducer offset and set to activate at depth equal-to
or more-than Navigational Draft, as per Maintenance Procedures Cards (MPC)).
b. Maximum allowable Cross Track Error.
C.
Voyage Monitoring Requirements.
1. Fix Vessel Position. At the fix intervals prescribed in the Command Navigation Standards,
determine the vessel’s position using visual and/or electronic means. Record the fix and label it
COMDTINST M3530.2F
3-7
with the time and proper symbol, consistent with the navigation mode in use and capability of
the eNav system (if applicable). Enclosure (7) contains standard navigation plotting symbols.
2. Verify Vessel Position. To avoid over-reliance on a single source of information, verify vessel
position at each fix using all means available.
a. Use a secondary means to verify vessel position. Techniques include soundings, visual
observations, danger ranges/bearings, set and drift, radar overlay and chart matching, and
positive identification and relative position of aids to navigation and other charted features or
landmarks.
b. Do not erase or delete fixes because they appear in error.
c. If position ambiguity exists, all appropriate team members (e.g., OOD, Conning Officer,
Coxswain) must be verbally informed and another fix taken immediately to ascertain the
vessel’s position.
3. Evaluate Position Fixes. At each prescribed fix interval, members responsible for the safe
navigation of cutters and boats must ensure evaluation of the vessel’s position with due regard to,
at a minimum, the proximity of shoal water, environmental conditions, and mission parameters.
4. Set and Drift. Command navigation standards must specify that a computation of set and drift is
reported at specific fix intervals for the waters in which the cutter is operating.
5. Take Appropriate Precautions. If at any time fix quality comes into question, particularly while
operating in restricted waters (e.g., near shoal water or obstructions), crews must initiate
appropriate actions to minimize risk to the vessel and crew in accordance with the Command
Navigation Standards. Some actions may include:
a. Reducing speed.
b. Taking all way off.
c. Increasing fix frequency.
6. GPS Accuracy and Outage Reporting.
a. GPS Accuracy. Command Navigation Standards must define times and intervals for
verifying GPS equipment accuracy to ensure safe navigation (e.g., before getting underway
and entering restricted waters, daily for cutters operating in rivers or harbors, daily for boats,
etc.). Units should not normally use another GPS unit to determine the accuracy and proper
operation of the primary GPS unit.
b. Outage Reporting. All Coast Guard GPS/NDGPS/WAAS users must report GPS outages,
anomalies, and suspected spoofing or jamming. Enclosure (8) provides detailed information
concerning reporting processes. Units operating in areas where deliberate GPS disruptions
can be expected will normally receive a pre-deployment brief on these GPS disruptions.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
3-8
D. Electronic Navigation Requirements.
1. Restricting Applications. On computers designated specifically for navigation or situational
awareness, only navigation related applications must be open. The navigation software must be
the active application and operators must only minimize it when using another navigation-related
application (e.g., Total Tides, System to Estimate Latitude and Longitude Astronomically
(STELLA)). Unauthorized applications not part of the system baseline must not be installed.
2. Personal Navigation Applications. The use of personal navigation applications using
cellular/GPS technology is not permitted for Coast Guard navigation.
3. Electronic Navigation as Primary Means of Navigation. The use of Coast Guard installed
electronic navigation systems is approved as the primary means of navigation aboard Coast
Guard cutters. Additionally, personnel must understand how to load/install charts on electronic
navigation systems in order to use them as a primary means of navigation. Table 3-3 displays the
basic requirements to use either the automated plotting or manual plotting mode as the primary
means of navigation.
4. eNav Display. The Command Navigation Standards must include guidance for eNav display
parameters necessary to ensure safe navigation for all cutters under their command in the
following categories. (See Chapter 2, Navigation Fundamentals for definitions):
a. Display Base. (Depth displayed should be actual water depth, not depth beneath
keel/transducer.)
b. Standard Display.
c. All Other Information.
5. Advance of Vessel Position. When available in the eNav system, the input for own vessel
direction and speed must be in accordance with the Command Navigation Standards and
standard system documentation.
6. Dead Reckoning (DR). When DR features are available in the eNav system, they must be used,
and their use must be defined in the Command Navigation Standards.
7. System Configuration and Settings. The Command Navigation Standards must detail system
configuration and settings for each:
a. Navigation zone/area.
b. Navigation evolution requiring unique configuration (e.g., anchoring).
c. Navigation mode.
8. Profiles. CO/OICs must include appropriate profile information in the Command Navigation
Standards for specific Navigational Zones/Areas. The proper use of filters will facilitate safe
navigation for cutters and boats under their command.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
3-9 CH-1
9. Alarms. The Command Navigation Standards must identify alarm settings for each Navigation
Zone/Area (e.g., depth alarms, transducer offsets, cross track distance).
10. Approved Electronic Chart Hierarchy. Based on data accuracy, CO/OICs must follow the electronic
chart type hierarchy in Table 2-2 to the maximum extent possible. CO/OICs have discretion to
authorize situational variances (due to chart quality, etc.), provided such variances are briefed to the
command and the navigation team (normally at the navigation brief) prior to deviation. However, if
any standing deviations from Table 2-2 exist for a particular unit, the Command Navigation
Standards must document them.
11. Currently Corrected Electronic Chart Data. To be used for navigation, charts must be currently
corrected.
a. An electronic chart is considered currently corrected if it has been updated within the last 45
days. However, it is recommend to download the latest chart updates at every opportunity. SINS
I is an exception and must be updated every six months.
b. Full file replacement of the electronic chart data is the recommended method to update electronic
charts (e.g., cell, library, chart, or chartlet). When available, full file replacement should be the
normal method of updating charts. NGA’s website provides DNC full file replacement charts.
This is the only approved method of updating DNC charts.
c. Users can enter manual corrections into the eNav system when connectivity or mail delivery
prevents crews from obtaining full file replacements. Cutters should use this method on a limited
basis. The following are approved sources for manual corrections:
(1) The cognizant hydrographic office (e.g., NOAA, USACE, NGA, Canadian Hydrographic
Services (CHS), United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) etc.)
(2) LNM
(3) NTM
12. Display Matching. When the system displays radar and electronic chart data on the same screen, the
display must match in scale, orientation, and projection.
13. Discrepancies.
a. Report chart display discrepancies and discrepancies in chart data to the Coast Guard Navigation
Center via priority message to COGARD NAVCEN ALEXANDRIA VA//NIS//.
b. For ATON chart discrepancies, notify the appropriate CG District Waterways (dpw) office via
priority message traffic, with COGARD NAVCEN ALEXANDRIA VA//NIS// and COMDT
COGARD WASHINGTON DC//CG-NAV// as information addressees. In all cases, reporting
units must provide an ENC Cell Name and a detailed description of error(s). Local Sector/ATON
units should also be notified.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
CH-1 3-10
E. Paper Chart Navigation Requirements.
1.
Charts. When required by Table 3-3, use only currently corrected charts produced by an
approved IHO, giving priority to NOAA and NGA charts. NAVCEN is the paper chart
account and portfolio manager. The primary source for paper charts is the Defense Logistics
Agency.
a. Paper charts are currently corrected if they are both the most current edition and
corrected up to the latest LNM and NTM.
b. For units underway and not able to receive the most current edition or the latest LNM and
NTM, paper charts are still considered currently corrected until returning to port.
2.
Print on Demand Charts. Print on Demand (POD) charts, if used, must be maintained by
applying LNM and NTM corrections subsequent to dates listed on the POD chart. Coast Guard
units are not authorized to produce their own POD charts for navigation. Raster based POD
Charts may be procured from third party commercial providers which have been certified by
NOAA/NGA. NOAA is currently working to develop standard formatting rules under which
Print on Demand Charts derived from ENC data will meet safety of navigation requirements.
Until such time as ENC Paper Chart Policy has been more fully developed, POD charts derived
from ENC data are not approved for primary means of navigation and should be considered a
situational awareness tool.
3.
Fixes. Command Navigation Standards must detail fix intervals when using paper charts as the
primary means of navigation.
a. The fix intervals must ensure safe navigation given the risks present for the navigation
zone/area.
b. When three LOPs are not simultaneously available, advance previous LOPs to a common
time to create a running fix.
c. Do not erase a fix because it appears to be in error. Rather, take another fix immediately to
ascertain the vessel’s position and the source of the error. Upon determining the source of the
error, correct for the error so that it does not recur.
4.
Set and Drift.
a. If fix interval is three minutes or greater, determine set and drift with every fix.
b. If the fix interval is less than three minutes, determine set and drift with every second fix.
c. If there is no fix, consider set and drift as part of determining an estimated position (EP).
5.
Dead Reckoning (DR). When plotting DRs, properly label and project the track for at least two
fix intervals and utilize the six rules of DR (as described in Chapter 2, Navigation
Fundamentals) to maintain the plot.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
3-11
F. Cutter Boat Specific Navigation Requirements.
1. Navigational and Voyage Planning Information. The Command Navigation Standards must
specify the following required navigational information for cutter boats to meet voyage planning
requirements:
Cutter Boat Navigational and Voyage Planning Information
a. Boat Characteristics:
(1) Length Overall
(2) Beam
(3) Operational Draft
(4) Maximum and Fixed Height Above
the Waterline
(5) Trailer Weight
(6) Distance between transducer and
lowest point on the hull
(7) Lowest point on the hull
c. Environmental Limitations and Operating
Parameters:
(1) Maximum Winds and Seas
(2) Maximum Operating Distance from
the Cutter
(3) Maximum Crew Endurance
(4) Maximum Seas for Launch and
Recovery
(5) Maximum Cruising Speed a
nd
e
ngine RPMs
b. Crew Manning Requirements and
Personnel Limits:
(1) Crew Requirements for Launch and
Recovery
(2) Maximum Personnel Limits
(3) Crewing Requirements for law
enforcement, pursuit, aids to
navigation, and other operations.
d. Other Navigation Requirements (as
applicable):
(1) Define high speed operations.
(2) Include speed management
expectations
(3) Include specific requirements for
high speed, pursuit, aids t
o
na
vigation, or other special
operations to include authorize
d
t
raining areas, waiver processes, and
crewing requirements
Table 3-4: Cutter Boat Navigational and Voyage Planning Information
2. Additional Voyage Planning Requirements.
a. General. These requirements should be incorporated as applicable to installed equipment and
to the maximum extent practical.
(1) Ensure boat checks are completed within 24 hours of boat operations.
(2) Using the boat specific operator’s handbook, ensure equipment is functional and/or
discrepancies have been identified and mitigation strategy discussed.
(3) Fathometer set-up and use.
(4) Required fix intervals.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
3-12
(5) Navigation mode requirements.
(6) Approved electronic charting package setup to include cross track errors and waypoint
pass criteria.
b. Route Planning. Identify command approved routes for local or AOR specific operations.
c. Define Navigational Zones/Areas. Command Navigation Standards must define applicable
navigational zones/areas, which reflect the risk associated with locations within a unit’s
normal AOR. The following are the zones/areas normally associated with cutter boats (as
applicable, based on AOR)
(1) Shoal Water.
(2) Restricted Waters.
(3) Coastal Waters.
(4) Open Ocean.
(5) Principle Navigation Routes, including special training areas.
(6) While in sight of cutter, electronic or visual, cutter can assume navigational picture for
cutter boat in special circumstances. Due care must be exercised by the cutter to monitor
changes in the cutter boat’s navigational zone and proximity to navigational hazards.
d. Chart and Publication Preparations. When equipped, charts (electronic) must be currently
corrected to ensure proper display and highlighting of hazards to navigation (e.g., overhead
obstructions, prohibited areas, shoal water, etc.) along the intended route and within the
AOR. The CO/OIC must approve tracklines and principal navigation routes for assigned
cutter boats. Paper charts are not required to be maintained aboard.
(1) An electronic chart is considered currently corrected if it has been corrected within the
last six months.
(2) The Coast Guard has contracted to provide updated electronic charts for SINS-II
equipped cutter and cutter boats every six months. Cutters and cutter boats do not
automatically receive updated electronic charts for SINS-I equipment. In the event that
SINS electronic charts are out of date (longer than six months old) CO/OICs must
specifically address and authorized use of SINS as primary means of navigation.
(3) The eNav system (SINS-I or SINS-II) must make use of the depth contours function to
highlight shoal water or a more conservative safety depth contour. The use of this
function can be waived in Command Navigation Standards for areas where the use of this
function would prevent the effective use of the eNav system.
e. Boat Crew Briefs. Briefs are a critical element of the navigational planning process and
ensure safe navigation of Coast Guard cutter boats. Cutter boat Coxswains are not required to
COMDTINST M3530.2F
3-13
complete an AOR familiarization. Therefore, briefs for cutter boats operating in restricted
waters are more extensive than those required for shore-based boats. Cutter boat crew briefs
are conducted prior to all cutter boat operations. Briefs must include the following
information, when applicable:
Cutter Boat Crew Brief Items
1.
Conduct risk assessment in accordance
with Reference (g).
5. Discussion of any pertinent environmental
factors and considerations.
2.
Discussion of planned boat crew
assignments.
6. Equipment Status of Boat and cutter’s boat
handling equipment.
3.
Review of the intended route (when
operating out of sight of the cutter or in
a
reas with navigation hazards or shoal
water.
7. Personal Protective Equipment
Requirements: Include mission specific
n
eeds, such as high speed, law enforcement,
cold weather, and pursuit operations.
4.
Review of any known hazards to
navigation or shoal water and anticipated
v
essel traffic.
8. Communications Plan and Schedule
Table 3-5: Cutter Boat Crew Brief Items
3. Seaman’s Eye. For cutter boats not equipped with standard Coast Guard electronic navigation
systems or operating in sight of the cutter, seaman’s eye can be the primary means of navigation.
If a cutter boat does not have an installed Coast Guard electronic navigation system and must
operate outside the cutter’s line of sight, the transit must be conducted in definitive navigation
channels with sufficient aids to navigation and/or landmarks (i.e. buoys, structures, river banks,
ranges, enclosed sections of the Intra-Coastal Waterway (ICW) etc.) to ensure its safe navigation.
Fixes are not required while using seaman’s eye.
4. Electronic Navigation Requirements/Restricting Applications. Within SINS, only navigation
related applications must be open. Unauthorized applications not part of the system baseline
must not be installed.
5. Cell Phone and Mobile Electronics Usage.
a. In accordance with Reference (c), the use of cell phones/texting/mobile devices and
phone/device applications aboard boats is prohibited without permission of the Coxswain;
permission can be granted only on a case by case basis.
b. In the case where the use of a cellphone/texting device is approved, the Coxswain must
assure a safe and efficient navigational environment by posting proper lookouts and the
assigned navigation support functions are attentive to their duties.
(1) Helmsman is prohibited from using a cell phone/texting device.
6. Personal Navigation Applications. The use of personal navigation applications using
cellular/GPS technology are not permitted for Coast Guard boat navigation.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
4-1
CHAPTER 4. SHORE–BASED BOAT NAVIGATION REQUIREMENTS
A.
Introduction. COs/OICs must describe in their Command Navigation Standards how they will meet
the requirements of this Chapter, accounting for the risks associated with their AOR(s) and mission
set. See Chapter 2, Navigation Fundamentals, for general descriptions.
B.
Voyage Planning Requirements. CO/OICs must ensure completion of the following items as part of
the voyage planning process.
1. Navigational Information. The Command Navigation Standards must specify the following
required navigational information to meet voyage planning requirements.
a. Navigational Draft.
b. Fixed and unfixed height.
2. Define Navigational Zones/Areas. Command Navigation Standards must define applicable
navigational zones/areas, which reflect the risk associated with locations within a unit’s normal
AOR. The following are the zones/areas normally associated with boats (as applicable, based on
AOR):
a. Shoal Water.
b. Restricted Waters.
c. Coastal Waters.
d. Open Ocean.
e. Approved Navigation Routes.
f. AOR Key Waypoints.
g. AOR Key Areas.
3. Identify Appropriate Fix Interval. Fix intervals are identified for each navigational zone/area
based on risk. Intervals must not exceed one hour without CO/OIC authorization. Regardless of
navigation mode in use, this interval structures the recurring assessment of the vessel’s
navigation and maneuvering situation (e.g., speed of the vessel, proximity of shoal water,
weather conditions, and mission parameters) to ensure the safe navigation of the vessel. Include
required fix intervals in the Command Navigation Standards.
4. Route Planning. Command Navigation Standards must provide guidance for eNav route planning
and must include, at a minimum:
a. Timely identification and impact of Notice to Mariner/Local Notice to Mariner (NTM/LMN)
issued since electronic chart data update.
b. CO/OIC approved track lines and waypoints.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
4-2
c. Maximum allowable cross track error along each route and/or track leg as appropriate.
5. Additional Navigational Requirements.
a. Unique Operations. Include specific requirements for high speed, pursuit, aids to navigation,
or other special operations to include authorized training areas, waiver processes, and
crewing requirements (as applicable).
b. Speed Management Expectations. Rule six of the COLREGS/Inland Navigation Rules
defines safe speed for all vessels. Units must include speed management expectations in their
Command Navigation Standards. The intention is to make crews aware of the effects of
excessive speed and over confidence aboard increasingly capable boats. In addition to the
safe speed considerations discussed in COLREGS/Inland Navigation Rules, Command
Navigation Standards must discuss unit/AOR specific considerations such as; operational
urgency, local regulations, crew cabin management, and asset characteristics.
c. Cell Phone and Mobile Electronics Usage.
(1) In accordance with Reference (c), the use of cell phones/texting/mobile devices and
phone/device applications aboard Boat Forces assets is prohibited without permission of
the Coxswain; permission can be granted only on a case by case basis.
(2) In the case where the use of a cellphone/texting device is approved, the Coxswain must
assure a safe and efficient navigational environment by posting proper lookouts and the
assigned navigation support functions are attentive to their duties.
(3) Helmsman is prohibited from using a cell phone/texting device.
6. Chart and Publication Preparations. Charts (electronic and paper, as appropriate) must be
currently corrected to ensure proper display and highlighting of hazards to navigation (e.g.,
overhead obstructions, prohibited areas, shoal water, etc.) along the intended route and within the
AOR.
a. General Chart and Publication Preparation Requirements. Required publications are onboard
(electronic or paper) as per Enclosure (13).
b. Electronic Chart Preparations.
(1) If the eNav system permits, all tracklines on electronic charts must display Magnetic
Course.
(2) The boat crew must consult electronic chart and information products applicable to the
intended route or AOR to ensure all available updates and precautions for the route or
AOR are accounted for.
(3) The eNav system (SINS-I or SINS-II) must make use of the depth contours function to
highlight shoal water or a more conservative safety depth contour. The use of this
COMDTINST M3530.2F
4-3
function can be waived in Command Navigation Standards for boats where the use of this
function would prevent the effective use of the eNav system.
c. Paper Chart Preparations.
(1) Maintain a portfolio of currently corrected master paper charts onboard the unit.
(2) Shoal Water must be penned in a color and weight that will stand out, even under night
lighting.
(3) Label CO/OIC approved tracklines on unit master paper charts with the following.
(a) Magnetic Course.
(b) Distance of each track leg.
(c) Radar navigation points (restricted waters only). See Enclosure (7).
7. Boat Crew Briefs. Briefs are a critical element of the navigational planning process and ensure
safe navigation of Coast Guard boats. They are tailored specifically to operations and serve to
ensure all members involved have a common understanding of the risks present and actions to
mitigate those risks. Per Reference (c), Area of Responsibility (AOR) familiarization ensures
boat crews are well versed in local navigation requirements. Boat crew briefs are conducted prior
to getting underway and, if possible, prior to entering restricted waters. Briefs must include the
following information, when applicable:
Boat Crew Brief Items
1.
Review of Voyage Plan
6. Environmental considerations including tides,
currents, weather (e.g., winds, precipitation,
visibility), and environmentally sensitive sea
areas (e.g., marine sanctuaries).
2.
Assignment of crew positions.
7. AIS mode to be used (e.g., normal, receive
only, encrypted, etc.). Method and date of most
recent AIS vessel information verification for
boats. Ensure encrypted AIS key is current per
Chapter 5 D.6 of Reference (l).
3.
Safe speed for mission and
conditions.
8. Conduct risk assessments in accordance with
Reference (g).
4.
Identification of hazards to
navigation.
9. Conduct a post-operations debrief to evaluate
and recognize performance.
5.
Anticipated vessel traffic.
Table 4-1: Boat Crew Brief Items
COMDTINST M3530.2F
4-4
8. Verify Essential Systems are Ready for Navigation.
a. Daily and, if possible, prior to mooring, conduct a steering test and propulsion check.
b. Daily, verify all positioning sources and navigational equipment for accuracy.
9. Set Appropriate Watch Station Manning Levels (e.g., assigning boat crew specific navigation
support functions).
10. Select and Prepare for the Appropriate Navigation Mode. See Table 4-2 below:
Navigation
Mode
Chart Requirements System Requirements Other Requirements
Automated
Plotting
(1) Updated electronic chart
in use in accordance with
approved chart hierarchy.
(1) Fully mission capable eNav
system properly configured
I
AW Command Navigatio
n
S
tandards.
(1) Unit capable of transitioning
to an approved redundant or
back-up system in the event
of a component or system
failure or use manual plottin
g
methods until system
restored.
Manual
Plotting
(1) Updated electronic and/or
current edition of paper
chart is onboard.
(2) Corrected paper chart is
required if planned to be
used as a primary means
of navigation.
(3) Corrected paper chart is
not required for restricted
waters navigation if used
only as a temporary
response to an eNav
failure.
(1) Operable electronic system
available that is capable of
recording and plotting lines
of position and ranges t
o
pr
ovide fix information.
Otherwise, paper chart
navigation using traditional
navigation methods is
required.
(2) Radar and visual bearing
objects are labeled and
displayed in the eNav system
for restricted water transits.
(1) Unit proficiency in traditional
navigation methods, including
the use of seaman’s eye.
Table 4-2: Boat Navigation Mode Requirements
11. Enable Appropriate Sensor and System Alarms (if equipped).
a. Depth Alarm (properly configured for transducer offset and set to activate at depth equal-to
or more-than Navigational Draft, as per Maintenance Procedures Cards (MPC)).
b. Maximum allowable Cross Track Error.
C. Voyage Monitoring Requirements. The coxswain must continually monitor the boat's position and
then verify and evaluate it with one or more of the following: seaman's eye navigation, soundings,
danger ranges/bearings, set and drift, radar overlay and chart matching, and positive identification
and relative position of aids to navigation and other charted features or landmarks to ensure the safe
and prudent navigation of the boat. Coxswains must avoid an over-reliance on installed eNav system
COMDTINST M3530.2F
4-5
information or any other single source of navigation information. If position ambiguity exists, the
boatcrew must use all available means to ascertain the boat's position.
1. Procedures for eNav Failure. Command Navigation Standards must specify procedures for
navigating boats in the event of a complete eNav system package failure. This includes
prescribed fix intervals and fix verification/evaluation procedures for their boats. In these rare
situations, boat crews must be trained and proficient in traditional navigation methods along with
seaman's eye to safely navigate the boat until the eNav package can be restored to a fully mission
capable status.
2. Take Appropriate Precautions. If at any time fix quality comes into question, particularly while
operating in high risk areas (e.g., near shoal water or obstructions), crews must initiate
appropriate actions to minimize risk to the vessel and crew in accordance with the Command
Navigation Standards. Some actions may include:
a. Reducing speed.
b. Taking all way off.
c. Increasing fix frequency.
3. GPS Accuracy and Outage Reporting.
a. GPS Accuracy. Command Navigation Standards must define times and intervals for
verifying GPS equipment accuracy to ensure safe navigation (e.g., before getting underway
and entering restricted waters, daily for cutters operating in rivers or harbors, daily for boats,
etc.). Units should not normally use another GPS unit to determine the accuracy and proper
operation of the primary GPS unit.
b. Outage Reporting. All Coast Guard GPS/NDGPS/WAAS users must report GPS outages,
anomalies, and suspected spoofing of jamming. Enclosure (8) provides detailed information
concerning reporting processes. Units operating in areas where deliberate GPS disruptions
are potentially expected should normally receive a pre-deployment brief.
D. Electronic Navigation Requirements.
1.
Restricting Applications. On computers designated specifically for navigation or situational
awareness (SINS), only navigation related applications must be open. Unauthorized
applications not part of the system baseline must not be installed.
2.
Personal Navigation Applications. The use of personal navigation applications using
cellular/GPS technology are not permitted for Coast Guard boat navigation.
3.
eNav Display. The Command Navigation Standards must include guidance for eNav display
parameters necessary to ensure safe navigation for all boats under their command in the
following categories. (See Chapter 2, Navigation Fundamentals for definitions)
a. Display Base.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
4-6
b. Standard Display.
c. All Other Information.
4.
Profiles. CO/OICs must include appropriate profile information in the Command Navigation
Standards for specific Navigational Zones/Area to facilitate safe navigation for boats under
their command (if applicable).
5.
Alarms. The Command Navigation Standards must identify alarm settings for each
Navigation Zone/Area (e.g., depth alarms, transducer offsets, cross track distance).
6.
Approved Electronic Chart Hierarchy. Based on data accuracy, CO/OICs must follow the
electronic chart type hierarchy in Table 2-2 to the maximum possible extent. CO/OICs have
discretion to authorize situational variances (due to chart quality, etc.), provided such
variances are briefed to the command and the navigation team (normally at the navigation
brief) prior to deviation. However, if any standing deviations from Table 2-2 exist for a
particular unit, the Command Navigation Standards must document them.
7.
Currently Corrected Electronic Chart Data. To be used for navigation, charts must be corrected
with the latest Notice to Mariners and Local Notices to Mariners.
a. An electronic chart is considered currently corrected if it has been corrected within the last
six months.
b. The Coast Guard has contracted to provide updated electronic charts for SINS equipped
boats every six months. In the event that SINS electronic charts are out of date (longer than
six months old) CO/OICs may authorize use of SINS as primary means of navigation if a
currently corrected paper chart is onboard.
8.
Discrepancies.
a. Report chart display discrepancies and discrepancies in chart data to the Coast Guard
Navigation Center via priority message to COGARD NAVCEN ALEXANDRIA VA//NIS//.
b. For ATON chart discrepancies, notify the appropriate CG District Waterways (dpw) office
via priority message traffic, with COGARD NAVCEN ALEXANDRIA VA//NIS// and
COMDT COGARD WASHINGTON DC//CG-NAV// as information addressees. In all
cases, reporting units must provide an ENC Cell Name and a detailed description of error(s).
Local Sector/ATON units should also be notified.
E. Paper Chart Navigation Requirements.
1.
Charts. When required by Table 4-2, use only currently corrected charts produced by an
approved IHO, giving priority to NOAA and NGA charts. Paper charts are currently corrected if
they are both the most current edition and corrected up to the latest LNM and NTM. NAVCEN is
the paper chart account and portfolio manager. The primary source for paper charts is the
Defense Logistics Agency.
COMDTINST M3530.2F
4-7
2.
Print on Demand Charts. Print on Demand (POD) charts, if used, must be maintained by
applying LNM and NTM corrections subsequent to dates listed on the POD chart. Coast
Guard units are not authorized to produce their own POD charts for navigation. Raster based
POD Charts may be procured from third party commercial providers which have been
certified by NOAA/NGA. NOAA is currently working to develop standard formatting rules
under which Print on Demand Charts derived from ENC data will meet safety of navigation
requirements. Until such time as ENC Paper Chart Policy has been more fully developed,
POD charts derived from ENC data are not approved for primary means of navigation and
should be considered a situational awareness tool.
3.
Fixes. Command Navigation Standards must detail fix intervals when using paper charts as the
primary means of navigation.
a. The fix intervals must ensure safe navigation given the risks present for the navigation
zone/area.
b. Do not erase a fix because it appears to be in error. Rather, take another fix immediately to
ascertain the vessel’s position and the source of the error. Upon determining the source of
the error, correct for the error so that it does not recur.
4.
Set and Drift.
a. If fix interval is three minutes or greater, determine set and drift with every fix.
b. If the fix interval is less than three minutes, determine set and drift with every second fix.
c. If there is no fix, consider set and drift as part of determining an estimated position (EP).
5.
Dead Reckoning (DR). When plotting DRs, properly label and project the track for at least
two fix intervals and utilize the Six rules of DR (as described in Chapter 2, Navigation
Fundamentals) to maintain the plot.
5-1 CH-1
CHAPTER 5. COMMAND NAVIGATION STANDARDS CONTENT REQUIREMENTS
A. General. The Command Navigation Standards must integrate official guidance and unit-specific
requirements into a cohesive unit Instruction that details navigational practices for a particular unit.
B. Command Navigation Standards Content Requirements. The Command Navigation Standards must
address the items below:
Command Navigation Standards Content Requirement
Chapter References
Cutters
Cutter
Boats
Boats
1. Identify Command Navigation Standards Familiarization
Requirements
a. Specify personnel required to review
Required, but no Chapter reference
b. Identify review frequencies and method for
documenting review
Required, but no Chapter reference
2. Identify Voyage Planning Requirements
a. Identify navigational information
3.B.1
3.F.1
4.B.1
b. Define navigational zones/areas
3.B.2
3.F.2.c
4.B.2
c. Identify fix interval
3.B.3
3.F.2.a.(4)
4.B.3
d. Provide guidance for route planning
3.B.4
3.F.2.b
4.B.4
e. Additional Navigational Requirements
3.B.5
3.F.1
4.B.5
f. Identify required chart and publication preparations
3.B.6
3.F.2.d
4.B.6
(1) General
3.B.6.a
Not required
4.B.6.a
(2) Electronic
3.B.6.b
3.F.2.d
4.B.6.b
(3) Paper
3.B.6.c
Not required
4.B.6.c
g. Identify required brief items
3.B.7
3.F.3
4.B.7
h. Specify how to verify essential systems are ready for
navigation
3.B.8
3.F.2.a
4.B.8
i. Specify how to set appropriate watch station manning
levels
3.B.9 &
Encl. (4)
3.F.1.b
4.B.9
j. Specify how to select and prepare for appropriate
navigation mode
3.B.10
3.F.2.a.(5)
4.B.10
k. Specify how to enable appropriate sensors and systems
alarms (if equipped)
3.B.11
3.F.2.a.(6)
4.B.11
3. Identify Voyage Monitoring Requirements
a. Specify how to Fix Vessel Position
3.C.1
N/A
4.C
COMDTINST M3530.2F
CH-1 5-2
b. Specify how to Verify Vessel Position
3.C.2
N/A
4.C
c. Specify how to Evaluate Vessel Position
3.C.3
Not required
4.C
d. Specify requirements for Set and Drift
3.C.4
Not required
N/A
e. Specify Precautionary Actions
3.C.5
Not required
4.C.2
f. Specify GPS usage information
3.C.6
Not required
4.C.3
4. Identify Electronic Navigation Requirements
b. Identify eNav Display requirements
3.D.4
Not required
4.D.2
c. Identify Advance of Vessel Position requirements
3.D.5
Not required
N/A
d. Identify Dead Reckoning usage
3.D.6
Not required
N/A
e. Identify Systems Configurations and Settings
3.D.7
Not required
N/A
f. Identify Profiles information
3.D.8
Not required
4.D.4
g. Identify Alarms Settings
3.D.9
Not required
4.D.5
h. Identify Electronic Chart Hierarchy
3.D.10
Not required
4.D.6
i. Identify requirements for Currently Corrected
Electronic Chart Data
3.D.11
Not required
4.D.7
j. Identify requirements for Display Matching
3.D.12
Not required
Not required
5. Identify Paper Chart Navigation Requirements
a. Identify Paper Chart requirements
3.E.1
Not required
4.E.1
b. Identify Fix Intervals
3.E.3
Not required
4.E.3
c. Identify Set and Drift requirements
3.E.4
Not required
4.E.4
d. Identify Dead Reckoning requirements
3.E.5
Not required
4.E.5
6. Identify Navigation Log/Checklists Requirements
a. Identify Navigation Log/Checklist Requirements
Encl. (2) &
(9), Ref. (J)
Not required
Not required
Table 5-1: Command Navigation Standards Content Requirements
COMDTINST M3530.2F
6-1 CH-1
CHAPTER 6. COMPLETELY PAPERLESS CHART NAVIGATION
A. Background/Commercial Chart Carriage Requirements. All commercial ships greater than 500GT that
must comply with the 1974 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) are required
by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to use ENCs within an Electronic Chart Display and
Information System (ECDIS). If they have a second independent ECDIS, they are not required to have
any paper charts aboard. The USCG Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular 01- 16 CH 1 allows U.S.
flagged commercial vessels engaged in domestic voyages to use and carry electronic ENC format charts
as equivalent to raster format paper chants. When utilizing this equivalency, commercial mariners are
not required to separately use and maintain paper charts for primary navigation means.
B. Sun-setting of Raster/Paper Charts. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
stopped printing paper charts in 2013. As part of their 2017 - National Charting Plan, NOAA is
preparing to stop issuing updates to their raster charts. NOAA will focus efforts on continuously
updating ENC data sets available for both electronic (automated) and manual (paper) navigation. Efforts
are currently underway to develop a standardized print on demand paper chart schema utilizing the ENC
data. NOAA will continue to certify third party commercial providers which are capable of producing
high quality paper charts using the ENC data. The 2016 revision to the Coast Guard Navigation
Standards allowed units to no longer continuously update paper charts, with the exception of command
designated ready charts, when holding the current edition of required paper charts aboard.
C. Authorized Paperless Coast Guard Vessels. The list of cutters and boats linked below are authorized for
completely paperless navigation based on system redundancy, proficiency, and readiness to solely
navigate using their installed eNav systems. If operating in areas where approved electronic charts are
unavailable, units must maintain proficiency with manual plotting on paper charts. This list will be
updated and maintained at: https://cg.portal.uscg.mil/units/cg751/NAV/Forms/AllItems.aspx
COMDTINST M3530.2F
Enclosure (1) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
1
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ACRONYM
DEFINITION
AIS
Automatic Identification System
AMPS
Account Management Provisioning System
AOR
Area of Responsibility
ARPA
Automatic Radar Plotting Aid
ATON
Aids to Navigation
CE
Categorical Exclusion
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
CHS
Canadian Hydrographic Service
CIC
Combat Information Center
CMC
Creative Map Corps
CO/OIC
Commanding Officer/Officer- in-Charge
COG
Course Over Ground
CONN
Conning Officer
CPA
Closest Point of Approach
DHS
Department of Homeland Security
DLA
Defense Logistics Agency
DNC
Digital Nautical Chart
DR
Dead Reckoning
DVD-ROM
Digital Versatile Disc – Read Only Memory
ECDIS
Electronic Chart Display and Information System
eNAV
Electronic Navigation
ENC
Electronic Navigational Chart
EP
Estimated Position
GPS
Global Positioning System
JQR
Job Qualification Requirements
IALA
International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation
and Lighthouse Authorities
IENC
Inland Electronic Navigational Chart
IHO
International Hydrographic Organization
IMO
International Maritime Organization
LAN
Local Apparent Noon
LNM
Local Notice to Mariners
LOP
Line of Position
MOVREP
Movement Report
MTL
Master Training List
NARA
National Archives and Records Administration
Enclosure (1) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
2
ACRONYM
DEFINITION
NDGPS
Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System
NEPA
National Environmental Policy Act
NIST
National Institute of Standards and Technology
NGA
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NM
Nautical Mile
NTM
Notice to Mariners
OOD
Officer of the Deck
OPORDER
Operations Order
POD
Print on Demand
PQS
Personnel Qualification Standard
RNC
Raster Navigational Chart
RPM
Revolutions Per Minute
SINS
Scalable Integrated Navigation System
SINS-II
Scalable Integrated Navigation System - Second Generation
SOG
Speed Over Ground
SOP
Standard Operation Procedures
STELLA
System To Estimate Latitude and Longitude Astronomically
TBD
To Be Determined
TTP
Tactics, Techniques and Procedures
UKHO
United Kingdom Hydrographic Office
USACE
United States Army Corps of Engineers
VTS
Vessel Traffic Service
WAAS
Wide Area Augmentation System
WAGB
U.S. Coast Guard Icebreaker
WIX
U.S. Coast Guard Training Barque Eagle
WHEC
U.S. Coast Guard High Endurance Cutter
WLB
U.S. Coast Guard Seagoing Buoy Tender
WMEC
U.S. Coast Guard Medium Endurance Cutter
WMSL
U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Security Cutter, Large
WMSM
U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Security Cutter Medium
WMSP
U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Security Cutter Polar
XO/XPO
Executive Officer/Executive Petty Officer
YDS
Yards
Table 1-A
Enclosure (2) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
1
ANCHORING
A. General. This Section states the basic requirements for anchoring. Ships must maintain navigational
awareness while approaching an anchorage, while anchored, and while weighing anchor.
B. Proficiency.
1. Cutter Class. All cutters must maintain proficiency in anchoring in accordance with Reference
(b). Cutters can tailor anchoring drills to the specific capabilities of their class.
2. Requirements. To be considered proficient, cutters must be able to:
a. Prepare appropriate charts, plotting sheets, or eNav system for an anchorage.
b. Determine appropriate anchorage area and bottom type.
c. Approach an anchorage.
d. Anchor the ship.
e. Determine ship’s position while at anchor.
f. Weigh anchor.
3. Opportunities. Weather and operations permitting, cutters must take advantage of opportunities
to maintain proficiency in anchoring.
C. Requirements.
1. Documentation. The Ship’s Log must include time of anchorage, depth of water, which anchor
used, scope of chain, type of bottom, ship’s head, and bearings to objects designated by the
Navigator. The anchor watch must use the ship’s Standard Bearing Book (OPNAV 3530/2 or
equivalent) to record time, vessel position, ship’s head, bearings to objects designated by the
Navigator, and depth of water.
2. Calculations.
a. The Letting Go Circle, centered on the anchoring location, has a radius equal to the distance
from the hawsepipe to the pelorus, radar antenna, or GPS antenna.
b. The Swing Circle, centered on the anchoring location, has a radius equal to length of the
vessel added to the length of anchor chain released.
NOTE
: eNav systems may use more complex and accurate
calculations for these definitions below, which will result in
different distances than manual calculations described below.
Enclosure (2) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
2
c. The Drag Circle, centered on the anchoring location, has a radius equal to the distance from
the hawsepipe to pelorus, radar antenna, or GPS antenna, added to the length of the anchor
chain released.
3. Navigation Team Responsibilities. (In addition to responsibilities listed in Enclosure (4) of this
document.)
a. Determine Set and Drift as soon as possible when approaching the anchorage to account for
it in course recommendations.
b. As the anchor is let go, the navigation team must immediately mark a round of bearings,
ranges, and record the ship’s head.
c. After plotting the fix, the navigation team must extend a line from the fix in the direction of
the ship’s head and mark hawsepipe to pelorus distance along the line, thus plotting the
position of the anchor at the moment of letting go.
d. The navigation team must continue to take fixes until it is determined the anchor is holding.
e. Approved eNav systems feature various anchor dragging alarms and plotting options. Use
these features (if equipped) in lieu of a paper chart/plotting sheet as long as the eNav system
is fully operational.
f. Command Navigation Standards must address specific anchoring procedures for the
navigation team, including verifying position accuracy by other than primary means at
regular intervals.
Enclosure (3) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
1
CELESTIAL NAVIGATION
A.
General. This Section states the basic requirements for celestial navigation. Nothing in this Section
relieves members of their responsibility to complete celestial navigation portions of Reference (f).
B.
Proficiency.
1. Cutter Class. WMSP, WAGB, WMSL, WHEC, WMSM, WMEC, WIX, and D14/D17 WLB
class cutters must maintain proficiency in the art of celestial navigation.
2. Requirements. To be considered proficient, cutters must be able to:
a. Determine the time of sunrise, sunset, moonrise, moonset, and Local Apparent Noon (LAN).
b. Determine gyro error by azimuth and amplitude of the sun or other celestial body.
c. Obtain a LOP from the sun.
d. Compute latitude by observing LAN.
e. Obtain the ship’s position by reducing celestial observations to a fix.
f. Compute latitude and gyro error by Polaris.
3. Opportunities. Weather and operations permitting, cutters must take advantage of opportunities
to maintain proficiency in celestial navigation.
4. Training. The unit Master Training List (MTL) identifies the personnel required to complete
Celestial Navigation Training (course code 500940) to ensure proficiency as described in this
Manual. At their discretion, Commanding Officers can require additional members to complete
this training to ensure proficiency in celestial navigation.
C. Other Requirements.
1. Documentation. Document all celestial work in the ship’s Navigation Workbook (OPNAV
3530/1).
2. Computer Computations. Units using the STELLA computer software application to perform
celestial computations must follow the guidelines in Enclosure (9) to properly log the celestial
sight information.
3. Chronometers. There is no longer a requirement to carry chronometers onboard. Crews can
obtain observation time(s) from an electronic clock synchronized with the GPS time signal or the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) radio station WWVH broadcast. WWVH
operates in the high frequency (HF) and broadcasts at 10,000W on 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 15
MHz; and 2500W on 2.5 MHz and 20 MHz.
Enclosure (4) to COMDTINST M3520.2F
1
NAVIGATION TEAMS
A. Boat Navigation Team Organization. The Coxswain may assign navigation support functions to
members of the boat crew. If the Coxswain decides to do this, then he or she must use the Bridge
Navigation Team roles described in this Enclosure (modified as needed to address boat navigation
capabilities and crewing). Combining roles may be necessary, depending on boat crew size. For
example, the Coxswain can assign a crewmember as Helmsman and assign another crewmember as
Plotter/Navigation Evaluator.
B. Bridge Navigation Team Organization. Bridge navigation teams must complete applicable Sections
of Reference (f) and cutter specific job qualification requirements (JQR) for their assigned billets.
Assign Navigation Team positions as appropriate for the method of navigation in use. The following
are standard navigation team positions and duties:
1. Navigation Evaluator. If not the Navigator, this person is responsible to the Navigator and must:
a. Coordinate the actions of all bridge navigation team members.
b. Use all available information to ensure the safe passage of the vessel including electronic
fixes plotted on a paper chart, or displayed on an electronic navigation system.
c. Evaluate fix accuracy from the Bridge and CIC (if equipped).
d. Evaluate ship’s projected movements.
e. Make reports to the Conn as specified in the Command Navigation Standards.
f. Ensure information displayed on eNav correlates to environment by visual verification.
2. Navigation Plotter. The Navigation Plotter should not be the same individual as the Navigation
Evaluator, unless there is a lack of available cutter personnel. The Navigation Plotter must
maintain the navigation plot as follows:
a. When using manual plotting methods:
(1) Plot and label each fix on the chart in use.
(2) Extend the DR at least two fix intervals.
(3) Compute set and drift since last fix.
(4) Identify nearest hazard to navigation.
(5) Determine time and distance to the next course change.
(6) Revise turn bearings.
(7) Complete other tasks as directed by the Navigator/Navigation Evaluator.
b. When using automated plotting:
Enclosure (4) to COMDTINST M3520.2F
2
(1) Plot various types of fixes as applicable, based on the installed electronic navigation
system.
(2) Maintain best scale of chart and adjust chart view area to best match navigational picture.
(3) Complete other tasks as directed by the Navigator/Navigation Evaluator.
3. Bearing Book Recorder. When the cutter is navigating using manual plotting, the recorder must:
a. Maintain the Standard Bearing Book (OPNAV 3530/2 or equivalent) in accordance with this
Manual.
b. Maintain communications with the Bearing Takers.
c. Mark fixes at intervals specified by the Navigation Evaluator.
d. Pass pertinent information to the Navigation Plotter/Navigation Evaluator.
4. Bearing Takers.
a. Obtain accurate bearings to navigation aids designated by the Navigation Plotter/Navigation
Evaluator.
b. Advise the Navigation Plotter regarding the navigation aids available for use, including when
navigation aids are acquired visually or lost from sight.
5. Bridge Radar Observer.
a. Provide all radar navigation data as directed by the Navigation Plotter/Navigation Evaluator.
b. Perform the duties of Navigation/Shipping Radar Operator on cutters without a CIC.
6. Leadsman. Pass soundings to the bridge navigation team for comparison with the fathometer and
charted depth.
C. CIC Navigation Team Organization. (This Section only applies to CIC-equipped cutters.)
1. Cutters with a CIC must maintain a capability to stand up a secondary navigation team (i.e. CIC
Navigation Team). When in use, the secondary navigation team should be ready to assume
primary navigation team responsibilities.
2. Due to the configuration of WMSLs, the secondary navigation team is authorized to be placed on
the bridge or other suitable location. WMSL Command Navigation Standards must specify the
secondary navigation location.
3. COs may direct use of the CIC Navigation Team at their discretion. Normally, the CIC
Navigation Team supports the Bridge Navigation Team in higher-risk evolutions (e.g.,
unfamiliar port transits, adverse environmental conditions, night/low visibility transits, transits
with significant shipping traffic). The CIC Navigation Team verifies vessel position using
methods such as radar ranges or radar chart matching, which contributes to the shipping picture
and safe navigation of the vessel.
Enclosure (4) to COMDTINST M3520.2F
3
4. Command Navigation Standards must list conditions when the CIC Navigation Team is required.
5. CIC Navigation Team members must complete applicable Sections of Reference (f) and cutter
specific JQR for their assigned billets.
6. On cutters without a CIC, some Sections of this PQS might apply to the Bridge Navigation Team
(e.g., shipping officer, shipping radar operator).
7. The following are recommended CIC navigation team positions:
a. CIC Evaluator. Provide recommendations to the Navigation Evaluator in regards to safe
navigation of the vessel. The CIC Evaluator must:
(1) Evaluate fix accuracy and the surface picture.
(2) Make recommendations to the navigation evaluator based on CIC’s navigation plot.
(3) Verify that the recommended course is clear of all surface contacts.
b. CIC Navigation/Shipping Radar Operator.
(1) Provide all navigation radar data as directed by the CIC Evaluator.
(2) Provide all shipping radar data as directed by the CIC Evaluator.
c. CIC Navigation Recorder.
(1) Record all ranges and/or bearings used by CIC for plotting fixes.
(2) Assume responsibility from the Bearing Book Recorder for designating times of fixes
when CIC has been designated as the primary navigation plot.
d. CIC Navigation Plotter. Maintains CIC’s paper plot (if applicable).
(1) Plot and label each fix on the chart in use.
(2) Extend the DR at least two fix intervals.
(3) Compute set and drift since last fix.
(4) Identify nearest hazard to navigation.
(5) Determine time and distance to the next course change.
(6) Revise turn bearings.
(7) Complete other tasks as directed by the CIC Evaluator.
Enclosure (5) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
1
LINE HANDLING COMMANDS
This Enclosure provides a list of standard line handling commands to meet the requirements of
this Manual.
Table 5-A
COMMAND
ACTION
PUT OVER (line number)
Pass the specified line to the pier and provide enough slack to allow
line handlers to place the line over the bit, cleat, or bollard.
HOLD (line number)
Do not let any more line out even though the risk of parting may
exist.
CHECK (line number)
Hold heavy tension on the specified line but render it as necessary to
prevent parting the line.
SURGE (line number)
Hold moderate tension on a line but render it enough to permit
movement of the ship.
EASE (line number)
Let a line out until it is under less tension, but not slacked.
SLACK (line number)
Take all tension off a line.
TAKE THE SLACK OUT OF
(line number)
Take all the slack out of a line, but do not take a strain.
SHIFT (line number)
Move a line to the specified location.
HEAVE AROUND ON (line
number)
Take a strain on a line.
TAKE (line number) TO
POWER
Take the specified line to the capstan or gypsy head and make ready
to heave around (DO NOT heave around until told to do so).
SINGLE UP (line number)
Take in all but one bight so there remains a single part to the line.
Can also be used to single up all normal mooring lines.
DOUBLE UP (line number)
Pass an additional bight on the specified line so there are three parts
to the line. This can also be used to double up all normal mooring
lines. Cutters without sufficient mooring line for three parts should
just pass the bitter end of the single up to the pier.
AVAST or AVAST
HEAVING (line number)
Stop taking a strain on a line with capstan.
CAST OFF (line number)
When using another ship’s lines to secure your ship, it means to cast
off the ends of their lines.
TAKE IN (line number)
Allow the pier line handler enough slack to take the line off the
fitting and bring the line aboard. Used when secured with your own
line.
STAND BY YOUR LINES
Man the lines, ready to cast off or moor.
BACK EASY
A command to the capstan operator to ease tension on the line once
the stopper is passed. This command is given before up-behind.
UP-BEHIND
Cease hauling on the line and slack it quickly.
Enclosure (6) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
1
HELM COMMANDS
This Enclosure provides a list of commonly used helm commands that units can tailor
appropriately to meet the requirements of this Manual. Standard phraseology governing orders
to the Helmsman is required to ensure the Helmsman understands and promptly executes all
orders. The Helmsman must repeat each command word-for-word and must report when the
ordered action is complete. The Conning Officer/Coxswain must acknowledge the Helmsman’s
responses with “VERY WELL.”
COMMAND ACTION
RIGHT (LEFT)
STANDARD (FULL)
RUDDER
Apply the ordered rudder. Standard rudder is the amount required
to turn the ship on its standard tactical diameter. The rudder angle
varies from ship to ship. Full rudder is normally the amount
required for reduced tactical diameter.
RIGHT (LEFT) ##
DEGREES RUDDER
Apply the ordered rudder. The Conn can follow this order with a
new course for the Helmsman to steer, such as “STEADY ON
COURSE 256” or another rudder command. If the Conn does not
specify a course, the Helmsman must call out the heading at 10-
degree increments, such as “PASSING 150, PASSING 160,” until
the Conn orders a course.
EASE YOUR
RUDDER/EASE YOUR
RUDDER TO RIGHT
(LEFT) ## DEGREES
Decrease the rudder angle by half the amount currently applied or
by the amount ordered. The Conn can follow this order with a new
course for the Helmsman to steer or another rudder command. If
the Conn does not specify a course, the Helmsman must call out
the heading at 10-degree increments until the Conn orders a
course.
RUDDER AMIDSHIPS Place the rudder at zero degrees.
MEET HER Use the rudder as necessary to check the swing of the ship without
steadying on any specific course.
STEADY, STEADY AS
SHE GOES, STEADY ON
COURSE ###
Steer the course on which the ship is currently headed or the
ordered course. If the ship is turning and the Conn gives the
command STEADY or STEADY AS SHE GOES, the Helmsman
notes the heading and brings the ship back to the heading. The
Helmsman should then reply “STEADY; COURSE ###.”
STEER ON The Helmsman steers on a range or object identified by the
Conning Officer.
Enclosure (6) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
2
COMMAND ACTION
SHIFT YOUR RUDDER Move the rudder to the same angle in the opposite direction from
where it is currently ordered. The Conn can only give this order
when a specific rudder angle is in effect.
NOTHING TO THE
RIGHT (LEFT) OF
COURSE ###
Steer nothing to the right (left) of the course specified.
HOW’S YOUR RUDDER This is a query from the Conn to ascertain the current rudder
placement. The Helmsman replies, “MY RUDDER IS
RIGHT(LEFT) ## DEGREES.”
MARK YOUR HEAD A command to the Helmsman to state the heading of the ship at
the moment the command was given. The Helmsman responds,
“MARK ###.”
COMMAND The Helmsman’s response to the Conn if he/she did not hear a
command, misunderstood a command, or believes a command is
improper.
SALLY YOUR RUDDER Shifting back and forth between a set number of degrees of right
and left rudder as ordered by the OOD.
MIND YOUR HELM A command from the Conn, CO, OOD (if separate), or the
Navigator to the Helmsman to pay closer attention to his/her
steering.
Table 6-A
Enclosure (7) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
1
NAVIGATION PLOTTING SYMBOLS
Single line of position
(Same for visual and electronic LOP)
1330
Visual fix
1440
Distance arc or range
Advanced LOP
Original time and time LOP advanced to
Electronic fix
1503
Electronic fix
using radar ranges
1524
1420
-
1440
1230
Figure 7-A
Figure 7-A
Figure 7-B
Figure 7-C
Figure 7-D
Figure 7-E
Figure 7-G
Enclosure (7) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
2
Running fix
1100
-
1112
1112
1112 R Fix
Continued on
Chart 11411
Chart shift
1600
DR position.
C
-
090
S
-
18
0800
Actual course line
between a fix and an EP
1730
1730
1730
Estimated Position (EP) based
on DR position and single LOP
1620
EP based on two
LOPs
.
1105
-
1112
0745
Figure 7-H
Figure 7-I
Figure 7-J
Figure 7-K
Figure 7-L
Figure 7-M
Enclosure (7) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
3
1230
1245
1300
DR course line
Trackline. Used
between intended waypoints.
1610
1715
Two visual bearings
and one radar range
Two radar ranges
and one visual bearing.
0700
C-090
S-15
0715
0730
0730
0730
0745
0745
0745 R Fix
0730
-
0745
0800
C-090
S-15
0815
Examples of a DR course line with an EP and a DR course line with a running fix
C-090
S-15
WP1 WP2
C-090T / 087M
S-18.3 / D-17NM
Figure 7-O
Figure 7-N
Figure 7-Q
Figure 7-R
Figure 7-P
Enclosure (7) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
4
Figure 7-S
Enclosure (7) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
5
Marking of Visual and Radar Navigation Points
Symbol
Type of Aid
Highlighted Color
Visual Object –
sequentially labeled
V1, V2, V3, or
VA,VB, VC, etc.
Yellow
Radar Object –
sequentially labeled
R1, R2, R3, or RA,
RB, RC, etc.
Orange
Used for both (visual
and radar) –
sequentially labeled
VR1, VR2, VR3, or
VRA, VRB, VRC, etc.
Yellow and Orange
Table 7-A
Enclosure (8) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
1
GPS OUTAGE REPORTING
A. General. All Coast Guard GPS/NDGPS/WAAS users must adhere to the following:
B. GPS and WAAS. Units must report degradations, outages, and other incidents or anomalies to the
Navigation Center via the GPS Problem Worksheet located at:
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=gpsUserInput.
C. NDGPS. Units must report degradations, outages, and other incidents or anomalies at:
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=dgpsUserInput.
D. Connectivity Restricted Units. Users must submit reports via priority message to COGARD
NAVCEN ALEXANDRIA VA//NIS//.
1.
GPS reports must contain the following information, if available:
a. Start time of outage/anomaly.
b. End time of outage/anomaly.
c. Location where the outage/anomaly occurred.
d. GPS user equipment make/mode.
e. Elevation of GPS antenna.
f. GPS frequencies (L1/L2) in use at time of outage/anomaly.
g. Number of satellites the system was tracking at time of outage/anomaly.
h. Which satellites the system was tracking at time of outage/anomaly.
i. Summary (provide additional information, unusual screen display indicating problem).
j. Point of contact.
2.
NDGPS reports must contain the following information, if available:
a. Start time of outage/anomaly.
b. End time of outage/anomaly.
c. Location where the outage/anomaly occurred.
d. NDGPS user equipment make/mode.
e. Elevation of NDGPS antenna.
f. NDGPS beacon in use at time of outage/anomaly.
Enclosure (8) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
2
g. Availability of standard positioning via GPS at time of outage/anomaly.
h. Summary (provide additional information, unusual screen displays indicating problem,
steps taken to troubleshoot/resolve).
i. Point of contact.
3.
WAAS reports must contain the following information, if available:
a. Start time of outage/anomaly.
b. End time of outage/anomaly.
c. Location where the outage/anomaly occurred.
d. WAAS user equipment make/mode.
e. Elevation of WAAS-capable GPS antenna.
f. Availability of standard positioning via GPS at time of outage/anomaly.
g. Summary (provide additional information unusual screen displays indicating problem,
steps taken to troubleshoot/resolve).
h. Point of contact.
Enclosure (9) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
1
CUTTER LOGS AND RECORDS
A. General. This Section, in conjunction with References (i) and (j), outlines the procedures and
requirements for maintaining navigational records. This Section provides guidance for the
following logs and records.
1.
Log-Remarks Sheet, Form CG-4380A.
2.
Log-Weather Observation and Operational Summary Sheet, Form CG-4380B.
3.
Log-Navigation Data Sheet, Form CG-4380C.
4.
Deviation Table, Form CG-2596.
5.
Navy Navigation Workbook, OPNAV 3530/1.
6.
Standard Bearing Book, OPNAV 3530/2.
7.
Ship Position Log, OPNAV 3100/3.
8.
Combat Information Center (CIC) Navigation Log.
9.
Captain’s Night Orders.
10.
Unit Checklists.
B. OPNAV Logs/Workbooks. The Navy Navigation Workbook, OPNAV-3530/1; Standard
Bearing Book, OPNAV-3530/2; and Ship’s Position Log, OPNAV-3100/3 are available
through the Naval Forms Online website (https://forms.documentservices.dla.mil/process/).
Registration and use of a government credit card is required. Once registered, conduct a
search using the name or OPNAV number.
C. Permanent and Temporary Records. Cutter logs and records are official records and are either
permanent or temporary records.
1.
Permanent Records. Log Remarks Sheet, Form CG-4380A and Log-Weather Observation
and Operational Summary Sheet, Form CG-4380B are permanent records. Unit must
retain, maintain, and permanently transfer these records to the appropriate Federal
Records center in accordance with References (i) and (j).
2.
Temporary Records. All other logs and records listed above are temporary records. Units
must maintain these records locally and dispose of them in accordance with this Manual
and References (i) and (j).
D. Electronic Logs and Records.
1.
Units using an eNav system as their primary means of navigation are authorized to use
the system’s voyage-recording feature in lieu of Log-Navigation Data Sheet, Form CG-
Enclosure (9) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
2
4380C; Ship Position Log, OPNAV 3100/3; and Standard Bearing Book, OPNAV 3530/2
if the system records, at a minimum, the following information:
a. Date/Time.
b. Primary positioning source in use.
c. Latitude/longitude position from primary positioning system.
d. Course over ground (COG)/Speed over ground (SOG).
e. True heading.
f. Logged speed.
g. Chart the system is using.
h. Visual/radar objects and LOPs used (if applicable).
i. Depth.
2. Compass Checks and Deviation Tables. If the cutter meets the requirements listed above,
compass checks normally recorded in the Log-Navigation Data Sheet, Form CG-4380C
are not required. These standards recommend that OODs verbally receive a compass
check every half hour and on every course change. Cutters equipped with alternate
heading sources, such as a fluxgate compass, are not required to post deviation tables, but
they are required to ensure that the compasses and all remote repeaters are operating
within the limits specified in the manufacturer’s technical manuals. At a minimum, units
must calibrate these compasses (in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions)
annually and immediately following major maintenance availabilities and post deviation
tables on the bridge. Record all calibrations in the unit’s smooth log. Additionally, cutters
equipped with a functional degaussing system that do not have an alternate heading
source, must have deviation tables available for the use by the navigation team. Units
should further check the compasses for accuracy before every underway period.
3. Maintenance.
a. Save electronic navigation records locally on the system or on removable media.
These may be deleted after three-years.
b. Units storing records on removable media must ensure the records remain readable on
the currently installed system throughout the three-year period.
E. Additional Guidance.
1. Deck Logs. Maintain Log Remarks Sheet, Form CG-4380A; Log-Weather Observation
and Operational Summary Sheet, Form CG-4380B; and Log-Navigation Data Sheet,
Form CG-4380C in accordance with Reference (j).
2. Navy Navigation Workbook, OPNAV 3530/1. This is a record of observations and
computations for ship navigation, including celestial lines of position, tides, currents, and
gyro error. In view of the large amount of data that users typically record, ships can
Enclosure (9) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
3
organize data into separate notebooks at the CO/OIC’s discretion. The Navigator must
review each computation and sign the workbook as appropriate. Maintain the workbook
and all electronic records locally for three years after the date of the final entry, and then
destroy them.
a.
Computer Software. When using software for computations, units can print out and
maintain the results with the navigation workbook or stored electronically in a
retrievable format.
b.
System to Estimate Latitude and Longitude Astronomically (STELLA). Units using
STELLA software to perform celestial computations must print or save the STELLA
navigation log after each celestial observation.
c.
Strip Forms. If used, affix or record locally prepared strip forms in the workbook.
d.
Calculator Use. If calculators are used, the user must record enough data in the
workbook to reconstruct the computation.
3. Standard Bearing Book, OPNAV 3530/2 (or equivalent). This is a record of data that
determines the ship’s position, including visual bearings, sextant angles, radar ranges,
and electronic LOPs. Maintain this book per the procedures below. Maintain this log
locally for three years after the date of the final entry, and then destroy it.
a.
Chart Number. Each day, record the chart number in use at the top of the initial page,
and note each chart shift in the first available blank line.
b.
Time Zone and Date. Indicate current time zone and date.
c.
Radar Ranges. Label radar ranges YD (yards) or NM (nautical miles).
d.
Soundings. Record soundings with each fix, and label them FT (feet), FM (fathoms),
or M (meters).
e.
Bearings. All bearings are true, unless otherwise indicated by R (relative) or M
(magnetic). When shifting to relative, note the shift on the first available blank line,
and record the ship’s heading with each fix.
f.
Abbreviations. All abbreviations must be in accordance with Nautical Chart Symbols,
Abbreviations, and Terms, Chart No. 1.
g.
Gyro/Radar Error. Record gyro error each day at the top of the initial page. Note any
revised gyro error in the first available blank line. Enter radar range error, if
determined, at the top of the initial page each day.
h.
Navigation Aids. Crews must maintain a list of navigation aids in the bearing book or
as part of a gazetteer with lists of charted objects for all piloting charts. The gazetteer
must remain close to the plotting station for ready reference. Object lists must include
the chart number, proper object name, latitude and longitude, and alphanumeric
Enclosure (9) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
4
designation of the object. Object lists maintained in CIC and the Bridge must be
identical.
i.
Signature. At the end of the watch or navigation detail, the bearing recorder must sign
the Standard Bearing Book on the next available line.
4. Ship Position Log, OPNAV 3100/3 (or equivalent). A Ship Position Log is a record of
latitude and longitude positions and soundings from all positioning sources. Use this log
during coastal and open ocean navigation. If using visual bearings and radar ranges to
determine the cutter’s position, crews can secure the Ship Position Log and use the
Standard Bearing Book. Maintain this log locally for three years after the date of the final
entry, and then destroy it.
5. Combat Information Center (CIC) Navigation Log. The CIC Navigation Log is a record
of data that determines the ship’s position by radar when navigating on paper charts.
When in use, CIC must maintain this log in accordance with the procedures described
below. Maintain this log locally for three years after the date of the final entry, and then
destroy it.
a.
Page Labeling. Enter the date, chart number, and gyro error at the top of each page.
Note any revised gyro error in the log. Enter the radar range error, if determined, at
the top of the initial page each day.
b.
Fix Recording. Record the following with every fix:
(1) Identification of landmarks used.
(2) Ship’s position relative to track.
(3) Recommended course and speed.
(4) Nearest shoal water.
(5) Distance to turn.
(6) Time to turn.
(7) Nearest aid to navigation.
(8) Sounding at each fix, labeled FT (feet), FM (fathoms), or M (meters).
(9) Set and drift (as required).
(10) Any pertinent remarks (e.g., Conn does/does not concur).
c.
Securing the Log. When the navigation detail secures, make an entry on the next
available line in the log. Draw a single line through the remainder of the page with
the log keeper’s signature on the line.
Enclosure (9) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
5
d.
Radar Ranges. Record radar ranges in yards (YD) or nautical miles (NM).
e.
Abbreviations. All abbreviations must be in accordance with U.S. Chart 1, Nautical
Chart Symbols and Abbreviations, unless promulgated separately in the log.
f.
Navigation Aids. Requirements are the same as those described above in Paragraph
E.3.h of this Enclosure.
6. Captain’s Night Orders. Units have traditionally maintained the Captain’s Night Orders
Book in a bound ledger or in loose-leaf form. The CO writes and signs the orders for each
night as Reference (a) requires. They include such items as courses and speeds to
maintain throughout the night, expected sightings, engineering data, the tactical situation,
and supplementary orders to the OOD. Instead of paper orders, CO/OICs can use
electronic media to convey night orders to the crew. With either option, units must
institute safeguards to ensure that Deck Watch Officers and other key personnel
acknowledge the orders. Classified Nightly Battle Orders are optional and used in
addition to Night Orders if the tactical situation warrants. Maintain these orders locally
for three years after the date of the final entry, and then destroy them.
7. Checklists. Per Enclosures (10) and (11), cutters must create, maintain, and complete
checklists for getting underway and entering port/restricted waters. Maintain these
completed checklists locally for 30 days and then destroy them.
8. Record Retention. Per Reference (j), and regardless of any authorization contained in this
Manual, do not destroy records that directly relate to the following matters until after
final clearance or settlement:
a.
Claim. An outstanding claim for or against the United States.
b.
Litigation. A case under litigation.
c.
Investigation. An incomplete investigation.
NOTE
: Reference (a) requires that units keep a night order book containing
standing orders and all other orders affecting the navigation and operation of
the vessel.
Enclosure (10) to COMDTINST M3520.2F
1
SAMPLE CUTTER GETTING UNDERWAY CHECKLIST
This Enclosure provides a sample checklist containing common actions that units must take prior
to getting underway. Units can tailor this checklist as appropriate to ensure safe navigation of the
vessel.
Time prior to Event
TBD by CO/OIC Make a voyage plan.
48 Hours Establish getting underway schedule covering: propulsion plant light off, shift
from shore to cutter power, disposal of cutter vehicles, light off and testing of
electronic suite, U.S. and Guard Mail dispatch and receipt.
Release Movement Report (MOVREP).
24 Hours Conduct navigation brief.
Finalize Deliberate Risk Management Plan and brief CO/OIC.
Verify arrangements for tugs/pilots/line handlers.
Verify schedule for lighting-off power plant.
Energize gyrocompasses.
Check navigation lights for proper operation (Preferably at night).
Ascertain schedule of other vessel movements in harbor on underway day.
4 Hours Energize all radars except those prohibited by local electromagnetic emissions
restrictions.
Energize and configure eNav system, if so equipped.
Validate accuracy of alternate heading source if so equipped.
Validate NDGPS/GPS datum.
Reconfirm tugs/pilots/line handlers.
Verify arrangements for terminating shore services.
Verify removal of floats, barges, containment booms.
2 Hours Ascertain from the XO/XPO any anticipated deviations from the Plan of the
Day.
Promulgate underway time to all hands.
Energize and initialize all electronic navigation equipment. (Coordinate with
shift from shore to cutter power.)
Energize and calibrate all radar repeaters. (Post errors at each repeater and for
navigation plotters.)
Enclosure (10) to COMDTINST M3520.2F
2
Determine and post gyro, steering, and navigation repeater errors and enter
into electronic navigation system, as applicable. Check/energize all other
electronic equipment (e.g., fathometer, radar, etc.).
Conduct radio checks on all required circuits (include bridge-to-bridge
radiotelephone).
1 Hour Conduct Real-Time Risk Assessment via GAR 2.0 Afloat Risk Assessment
form.
Set Material Condition Yoke.
Tune and optimize radars.
Post tide/current/aids to navigation information on the bridge and CIC.
45 Minutes Fix ship’s position using all available positioning sources.
Record draft of cutter fore and aft in cutter’s deck log.
30 Minutes Station the Special Sea Detail and/or Anchor Detail.
In reduced visibility:
1. Station the low visibility detail.
2. Set material condition Zebra on main deck and below.
Embark pilot. Display CODE HOTEL.
Check steering in all available modes.
Test sound-powered phone circuits in use.
Receive department reports for readiness to get underway.
Test anchor windlass.
Prepare anchor(s) for letting go.
OOD shift watch to the bridge.
15 Minutes Obtain CO/OICs permission to shift to pilot house control (when equipped)
and test main engine(s).
Direct engineering control accordingly after ensuring that the screw(s) are
clear.
Test cutter’s whistle/general alarms.
Single up lines.
Make SECURITE calls.
Take in the brow and break all shore connections.
Conduct time check.
Report when “ready for getting underway” to the XO/XPO.
10 Minutes Notify engineering control to standby to answer all bells or of impending
pilothouse control maneuvers.
Enclosure (10) to COMDTINST M3520.2F
3
Set Special Sea Detail and/or Mooring Stations.
Conduct Risk Assessment (Real Time).
Underway Shift colors.
Close up international call sign (if appropriate).
Establish radio guard.
Make SECURITE calls.
Report underway to VTS if appropriate.
After U/W Return checklist to Navigator for filing.
Enclosure (11) to COMDTINST M3520.2F
1
SAMPLE CUTTER ENTERING PORT/APPROACHING RESTRICTED WATERS
CHECKLIST
This Enclosure provides a sample checklist containing common actions that units must take prior
to Entering Port/Approaching Restricted Waters. This checklist is an example, and units can
tailor it to match the circumstances of the navigational situation and to ensure safe navigation of
the vessel.
Time prior to Event
TBD by CO/OIC Conduct navigation brief.
3 Hours Determine and post gyro, steering, and navigation repeater errors and enter
into electronic navigation system, as applicable.
1 Hour Conduct Real-Time Risk Assessment via GAR 2.0 Afloat Risk Assessment
form.
Pass the word, “Make all preparations for entering port. Cutter will anchor
(berth __________ side to) at about ________. All hands shift into the
Uniform of the Day.”
Lay out mooring lines if required.
Set up and monitor all harbor and tug radio frequencies.
Check into VTS when appropriate.
Ascertain schedule of other vessel movements in harbor.
45 Minutes Test cutter’s whistle/general alarms.
Prior to approaching restricted waters, check steering in all available modes.
Test backing bells.
Hoist international call sign when entering inland waters (if applicable).
30 Minutes Station Navigation Detail
Station the Special Sea Detail and Anchor Detail.
Make anchor(s) ready for use.
Inform the Anchor Detail of depth of water at anchorage, type of bottom,
ready anchor, and scope of chain to be used.
Inform First Lieutenant as to range of tide and time of high water.
Receive readiness reports for entering port.
Make SECURITE calls.
Request permission to enter port from the proper authority.
15 Minutes If mooring to a buoy, lower boat with buoy detail as directed.
Station line handlers.
Enclosure (11) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
2
Upon Mooring Secure main engines on _______ hour standby.
Secure gyros and navigational radars as directed.
Check out of VTS as appropriate.
Secure radio guard.
If anchored, obtain navigation bearings and ranges, and determine swing and
drag circles.
Record draft of cutter fore and aft.
Shift watch to quarterdeck.
Return checklist to Navigator for filing.
Release arrival MOVREP.
Enclosure (12) to COMDTINST M3520.2F
1
VOYAGE PLANNING REFERENCES AND RESOURCES
All nautical publications are available on NGA’s Digital Nautical Publications-Quarterly Update
DVD-ROM (NGA Reference No.: CDPUBQTLY). All units are on an automatic distribution for
the Quarterly Update and publications are currently corrected as of the production date of the
DVD. When updates occur, units must apply corrections to the NGA copies or download
updated publications.
When preparing charts and developing navigation or crew briefs, consult currently corrected
nautical and hydrographic publications and information (printed or electronic equivalents).
These sources are available via the NAVCEN website at https://www.navcen.uscg.gov or via the
links provided below.
A. Coast Pilot* (available on the NOAA website at:
https://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/publications/coast-pilot/index.html. NOAA updates Coast
Pilots weekly and posts the updates along with a complete edition containing all applicable
corrections).
B. Fleet Guides.*
C. Sailing Directions* (available on the NGA website at:
http://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal).
D. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 33 (available on the Government Publishing Office
website at: http://www.ecfr.gov/).
• 33 CFR 147 – Safety Zones
• 33 CFR 161 – Vessel Traffic Management
• 33 CFR 165 – Regulated Navigation Areas and Limited Access Areas.
• 33 CFR 166 – Shipping Safety Fairways
• 33 CFR 167 – Offshore Traffic Separation Schemes
E. Operations Order (OPORD).
F. Coast Guard Navigation Center, Navigation Information Service (see the Navigation
Center’s website at: http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/ for more information).
G. Naval Operating Area Instructions.
H. Light List(s) and List of Lights* (Light Lists are available on the Navigation Center’s
website at: http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=lightLists with weekly updates at:
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=lightListWeeklyUpdates. Light Lists and List of
Lights are also available on the NGA website at: http://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal).
I. Radio Aids to Navigation, PUB 117* (available on the NGA website at:
http://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal).
Enclosure (12) to COMDTINST M3530.2F
2
J. Notices to Mariners, Local Notices to Mariners, Broadcast Notices to Mariners, and Notices
to shipping, as applicable (see the Navigation Center’s website at:
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=lnmMain for more information).
K. NAVAREA, HYDROLANT, HYDROPAC Messages (available on the NGA website at:
http://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal).
L. Tide Tables* (available on the NOAA website at: https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/).
M. Tidal Current Tables* (available on the NOAA website at:
https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/).
N. Nautical Almanac.
O. International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 COLREGS/Inland
Navigation Rules (33 CFR 83) (previously referred to as Navigation Rules Handbook).
P. World Port Index* (available on the NGA website at:
http://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal).
Q. Army Corp of Engineers port/channel survey data.
R. Local weather resources.
S. Other local navigation guides.
NOTE
: * Units may request hard copy from Government Printing Office.
Enclosure (13) to COMDTINST M3520.2F
1 CH-1
BOAT/CUTTER BOAT NAVIGATION KIT OUTFIT LIST
The following items are listed as required or optional for the boat/cutter boat navigation kit outfit. Part
numbers are suggested, but alternatives are authorized.
Required Boat Navigation Kit Items:
QTY
Part Number:
Penlight with red lens
1EA
01HS22872 (Red lens)
Stopwatch with second hand or digital
1EA
N/A
Parallel Ruler
1EA
81348 001911508
Parallel Plotter (weems)
1EA
49268 015569178
Divider/Compass with spare lead
2EA
49268 015569406
Course & Leg Identifier for SAR
1EA
49268 015522931
Nautical Slide Rule
1EA
49268 003911110
China Marker
as needed
81348 002401525
Gum Eraser
2EA
73685 003238788
Notepad
1EA
83421 014534585
Pencil Sharpening Pad
1EA
80244 002374926
#2 Pencils
as needed
N/A
Pencil Sharpener
1EA
N/A
Charts, Local AOR
Set
N/A
Required Cutter Boat Navigation Kit Items:
QTY
Part Number:
Penlight with red lens
1EA
01HS22872 (Red lens)
Stop Watch with second hand or digital
1EA
N/A
Course & Leg Identifier for SAR
1EA
49268 015522931
Notepad
as needed
83421 014534585
#2 Pencils
as needed
N/A
Most Current and Up-to-Date Publications Required:
(Electronic or Paper)
QTY
Part Number:
U.S. Coast Pilot for AOR (Optional for cutter boats)
1EA
N/A
Optional Items:
QTY
Part Number:
Navigation Kit Bag/Protective Case Equivalent
1 EA
14234958
Operator’s Manual
1EA
N/A
Anemometer
1EA
58502 Davis Instruments
P/N: 00271
Hand Held Compass
1EA
N/A
Flash Light
1EA
N/A
Dry Erase Markers
as needed
N/A
Pens
as needed
N/A
Table 13-A