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Industrial Revolution
Key Ideas from the Documents
Economic and Social Changes Impact of Changes on Society or a Specific Group of People
Doc 4—Replacement of domestic
system by factory system
Replacement of hand labor by
machines in factories (mule, power
loom)
Doc 5—Incompatibility of traditional
society with industrial economy
Commercialization of agriculture
Movement of people to cities to work
in factories
End of complicated network of
obligations and privileges binding
owner to field-worker and lord to
peasant
Doc 5—Collapse of traditional social structure
Need to produce food for growing urban population
Movement of people to cities
Doc 6—Children working long hours
Children sickly and unhealthy due to the work in the factories
Development of unhealthy slums where factory workers lived
(Manchester)
Increase in wealth and status of middle class
Relevant Outside Information
(This list is not all-inclusive.)
Economic and Social Changes Impact of Changes on Society or a Specific Group of People
Development of machines for
production of goods in various
industries using waterpower and
steam (spinning jenny, steam engine)
Development of new forms of
transportation (railroads, steamboats)
Building of new cities around mines
and near manufacturing and
transportation centers
Payment of different wages for labor
according to jobs and gender
Lower class women working outside
the home
Details of poor living conditions for
workers in crowded tenements
Development of an educated middle
class based on economic standing
Leisure time and money for consumer
goods for the bourgeoisie
Increase in use of ideas of Adam
Smith (laissez-faire, laws of supply
and demand, free enterprise)
Expansion of mining jobs with increasing demand for coal and
iron
Expansion of overseas colonies and new trading spheres with
increasing need for raw materials
Leisure activities for middle class and upper class
Decrease in prices for consumers with mass production
Improvement of living conditions in some cities (street lamps,
sewage, waste removal, police, building codes)
Expansion of membership in the House of Commons and
increase in power of Prime Minister
Extension of voting rights
Increased momentum for women’s suffrage movement
Formation of trade unions by skilled artisans
Need for economic and social reform (Sadler Report, Jeremy
Bentham, John Stuart Mill, Robert Owen, Karl Marx, Charles
Dickens)
Passage of related legislation (Reform Acts, Factory Acts,
Mines Acts, Ten Hours Act, Education Acts)