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GA(4:A8CE(&EEA:;;(j"!4&kQ(TUV[7S()=>;8CAJ:(=;:(@<;GD@:D;Q(Y9<J9(CD:(<AJE=@:@(C;(
?:A8CE(@<;GD@:D;(<A(89:(Diagnostic!and!Statistical!Manual!of!Mental!Disorders,!Fifth!
Edition(6-)4\Z7Q(CD:(CE;G(9<I9EK(BD:LCE:A8(CA@(FD:H=:A8EK(JG\GJJ=D(Y<89(G89:D(
?:A8CE(<EEA:;;:;(6!c!Q(TUV]7S(!JJGD@<AI(8G(89:(TUVZ("C8<GACE()=DL:K(GA(-D=I(+;:(
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j0O3)5kQ(TUV[7S((
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BDGIDC?n(6!42!Q(TUVWQ(m19C8(<;(4=;<J(29:DCBKon(BCDCS(V7S(4=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(
(
T(
YGDN<AI(Y<89(89:(?:A8CE(9:CE89(BGB=EC8<GA(=;:(?=;<J(8G(C@@D:;;(AGA\?=;<JCE(IGCE;(
;=J9(C;(;:EF\:PBD:;;<GAQ(;GJ<CE<^C8<GAQ(BG;<8<L:(JGB<AIQ(<?BDGL:@(BDG>E:?(;GEL<AIQ(
CA@(;:EF\CYCD:A:;;(6!42!Q(TUU[7S(#KD<J(CACEK;<;(<;(GA:(GF(89:(?G;8(JG??GAEK(=;:@(
?=;<J(89:DCBK(<A8:DL:A8<GA;(Y<89<A(?:A8CE(9:CE89(8D:C8?:A8(6-LGDCNQ(TUV[p(,KD:(q(
#::Q(TUVZp()<EL:D?CAQ(TUUWQ(TUUe>7(CA@(<ALGEL:;(89:(:PBEGDC8<GA(CA@(@<;J=;;<GA(GF(
;GAI(EKD<J;(CA@(89:?:;S()GAI(J9G<J:(<;(GF8:A(I=<@:@(>K(CA(<A@<L<@=CE(?=;<J(
89:DCB<;8i;(C;;:;;?:A8(GF(<;;=:;(BD:;:A8:@(<A(89:(EKD<J;Q(89G=I9(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(CE;G(
J9GG;:(;GAI;(CJJGD@<AI(8G(B:D;GACE(BD:F:D:AJ:(CA@(D:JG??:A@C8<GA;(>K(JGA;=?:D;(
CA@(G89:D(BDGF:;;<GACE;(6)<EL:D?CAQ(TUUe>7S(09GG;<AI(;GAI;(89C8(Y<EE(:FF:J8<L:EK(
C@@D:;;(JGA;=?:D(IGCE;(JCA(>:(C(J9CEE:AI:(FGD(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;S(29:D:(<;(C(ICB(<A(89:(
D:;:CDJ9(E<8:DC8=D:(D:ICD@<AI(CBBDGBD<C8:(;GA I (;:E:J8<GA(FGD(EKD<J(CACEK;<;(Y<89(89:(
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JG=E@(C<@(<A(ACDDGY<AI(89<;(ICBS((
Operational+Definitions+
.GD(89:(B=DBG;:;(GF(89<;(;8=@KQ(89:(FGEEGY<AI ( GB:DC8<GACE(@:F<A<8<GA;(Y:D:(=;:@R(
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( A:=DG@:L:EGB?:A8CE(CA@(A:=DGJGIA<8<L:(@<;GD@:D;(6!c!Q(TUV]p(!42!Q(
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( 6!42!Q(TUVZ7S(
Lyric!analysis(6CE;G(NAGYA(C;(EKD<J(@<;J=;;<GAQ(?=;<J(E<;8:A<AIa@<;J=;;<GAQ(I=<@:@(
( ?=;<J(E<;8:A<AI(CA@(JG=A;:E<AIQ(;GAI(CACEK;<;Q(;GAI(EKD<J(@<;J=;;<GAQ(GD(;GAI(
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( 8G(C(;GAI(CA@(:AICI<AI(<A(@<;J=;;<GA(J:A8:D:@(GA(89:(EKD<J(JGA8:A8(FGD(89:(
( B=DBG;:(GF(C;;:;;<AIQ(LCE<@C8<AIQ(GD(C@@D:;;<AI(9GY(89:(JGA;=?:D(
( =A@:D;8CA@;Q(89<AN;Q(F::E;Q(GD(D:EC8:;(6-LGDCNQ(TUV[p():ELCDCbC9Q(TUV]7S(
!(consumer(<;(@:F<A:@(C;(C(JE<:A8Q(BC8<:A8Q(GD(B:D;GA(D:J:<L<AI(?=;<J(89:DCBK(;:DL<J:;(
( 6)<EL:D?CAQ(TUUe>7S(
Purpose+
( 29:(BD<?CDK(B=DBG;:(GF(89<;(;8=@K(YC;(8G(:PC?<A:(89:(E<AI=<;8<J(:E:?:A8;(GF(
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03!c2,/(21*(
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Mental+Illness+
( 29:(Diagnostic!and!Statistical!Manual!of!Mental!Disorders,!Fifth!Edition(6-)4\
Z7Q(<;(89:(J=DD:A8(JEC;;<F<JC8<GA(;K;8:?(=;:@(>K(?:A8CE(9:CE89(BDGF:;;<GACE;(8G(
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GD(>:9CL<AI(JCA(>:(E<F:(CE8:D<AI(FGD(89:(JG=A8E:;;(<A@<L<@=CE;(E<L<AI(Y<89(?:A8CE(
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8D:C8C>E:(?:@<JCE(JGA@<8<GA;(6"!4&Q(TUV[7S(((
Anxiety+Disorders+
( !AP<:8K(@<;GD@:D;(CD:(89:(?G;8(JG??GA(JEC;;(GF(?:A8CE(@<;GD@:D;(<A(89:(
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6!c!Q(TUV]7S(!JJGD@<AI(8G(89:(-)4\ZQ(CAP<:8K(@<;GD@:D;(AGY(<AJE=@:(;:BCDC8<GA(
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CAP<:8K(@<;GD@:DQ(CA@(=A;B:J<F<:@(CAP<:8K(@<;GD@:D(6!c!Q(TUV]7S(19<E:(89:D:(CD:(
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CA@(C;;GJ<C8:@(>:9CL<GD(J9CAI:;S((
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GL:D(;9GD8(B:D<G@;(GF(8<?:(<;(9:CE89K(CA@(BDG@=J8<L:(<A(89C8(<8(CJ8=CEEK(<?BDGL:;(
B:DFGD?CAJ:(>K(9:<I98:A<AI(CDG=;CES(&F(CAP<:8K(B:D;<;8;(FGD(EGAI:D(B:D<G@;(GF(8<?:(GD(
C8(9<I9:D(<A8:A;<8K(E:L:E;Q(<8(<;(AG(EGAI:D(C@CB8<L:(<A(AC8=D:(CA@(<A9<><8;(GB8<?CE(
B:DFGD?CAJ:(@=:(8G(:P9C=;8<GA(CA@(EG;;(GF(FGJ=;(6dCJGF;NKQ()CA8G;Q(M9:?ECA<\cC8:EQ(
q(":^<DGIE=Q(TUV]7S(
( 19:A(CA(<A@<L<@=CE(:PB:D<:AJ:;(CAP<:8KQ(GD(89:(CA8<J<BC8<GA(GF(C(89D:C8Q(89:(
>G@K(:A8:D;(C(;8C8:(GF(9KB:D\CE:D8A:;;(CA@(?CK(BDG@=J:(C(F:CD(D:;BGA;:(8G(JG?>C8(
89:(89D:C8S(.:CD(CJ8<LC8:;(89:(;K?BC89:8<J(A:DLG=;(;K;8:?(6)")7(8G(<AJD:C;:(>EGG@(
FEGY(CA@(GPKI:A(@:E<L:DKQ(D:;=E8<AI(<A(FC;8:D(9:CD8(DC 8 :(CA@(DCB<@(>D:C89<AI(6dCJGF;NK(
:8(CESQ(TUV]7S(29<;(<;(GF8:A(JCEE:@(C(F<I98\GD\FE<I98(D:;BGA;:(>:JC=;:(<8(BD:B CD:;(CA(
<A@<L<@=CE(8G(:<89:D(JG?>C8(GD(FE::(FDG?(B:DJ:<L:@(@CAI:DS(19<E:(CAP<:8K(CA@(F:CD(
(
[(
;:DL:(<?BGD8CA8(BDG8:J8<L:(F=AJ8<GA;Q(89:<D(CJ8<LC8<GA(<A(89:(C>;:AJ:(GF(CJ8=CE(89D:C8(
GD(G=8(GF(BDGBGD8<GA(8G(C(I<L:A(89D:C8(>:JG?:;(BDG>E:?C8<J(6/G;:A(q()J9=EN<AQ(
Vee`7S(((((((
( 29:(;K?B8G?;(GF(CAP<:8K(LCDK(Y<@:EK(FDG?(B:D;GA(8G(B:D;GAQ(>=8(89:K(JCA(>:(
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;K?B8G?;(GF(CAP<:8K(D:;=E8(FDG?(B9K;<GEGI<JCE(J9CAI:;(@=:(8G()")(CJ8<LC8<GA(
6dCJGF;NK(:8(CESQ(TUV]7S(29:;:(;K?B8G?;(?CK(<AJE=@:(C(DCJ<AI(9:CD8Q(C(F::E<AI(GF(
D:;8E:;;A:;;Q(;9GD8A:;;(GF(>D:C89Q(@<^^<A:;;Q(J9:;8(BC<AQ(CA@(FC8<I=:S(,?G8<GACE(
;K?B8G?;(GF(CAP<:8K(?CK(<AJE=@:(F::E<AI;(GF(=A:C;:Q(@D:C@Q(CBBD:9:A;<GAQ(YGDDKQ(
F:CDQ(GD(BCA<JS((29:(B9K;<JCE(CA@(:?G8<GACE(;K?B8G?;(JCA(>:(;G(=ABE:C;CA8(89C8(
<A@<L<@=CE;(>:I<A(8G(@<;BECK(>:9CL<GDCE(;K?B8G?;(GF(CLG<@CAJ:(CA@aGD(;:EF\
?:@<JC8<GA(<A(GD@:D(8G(JGB:(CA@(:;JCB:S(!@@<8<GACEEKQ(CAP<:8K(JCA(JC=;:(
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CA@(@:BD:;;<L:(;K?B8G?;(E<N:(9GB:E:;;A:;;(CA@(BGGD(CBB:8<8:(6dCJGF;NK(:8(CESQ(
TUV]7S(0GIA<8<L:(;K?B8G?;(CD:(GF8:A(D:FE:J8:@(<A(A:IC8<L:(89G=I98;(CA@(89G=I98(
BC88:DA;Q(Y9<J9(<A(8=DA(F::@(<A8G(89:(JKJE:(GF(CAP<:8KS(&ACJJ=DC8:(JGIA<8<L:(CBBDC<;CEQ(
GD(CA(<A@<L<@=CEi;(<A8:DBD:8C8<GA(GF(C(;<8=C8<GAQ(<;(89G=I98(8G(BECK(C(?CbGD(DGE:(<A(
CAP<:8K(@<;GD@:D;(60ECDN(q(O:JNQ(TUVUp(dCJGF;NK(:8(CESQ(TUV]7S(!AP<:8K(CA@(F:CD(
D:;BGA;:;(JCA(>:(?GD:(:C;<EK(8D<II:D:@(Y9:A(CA(<A@<L<@=CE(GL:D:;8<?C8:;(C(
B:DJ:<L:@(89D:C8(CA@(=A@:D:;8<?C8:;(9<;(GD(9:D(JGB<AI(C><E<8<:;S(,L:A(;GQ(89:D:(<;(AG(
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89:(JG?BE:P(<A8:DCJ8<GA(GF(><GEGI<JCEQ(B;KJ9GEGI<JCEQ(CA@(;GJ<CE(FCJ8GD;(6dCJGF;NK(:8(
CESQ(TUV]7S((
(
W(
Major+Depressive+Disorder+
+ 19<E:(CAP<:8K(@<;GD@:D;(CD:(89:(?G;8(BD:LCE:A8(JEC;;(GF(@<;GD@:D;Q(?CbGD(
@:BD:;;<L:(@<;GD@:D(<;(89:(;<AIE:(?G;8(BD:LCE:A8(E<F:8<?:(@<;GD@:DQ(Y<89(C(BD:LCE:AJ:(
GF(VWl(6M:;;E:D(:8(CESQ(TUUZ7S(4CbGD(@:BD:;;<L:(@<;GD@:D(CEGA:(<;(89:(E:C@<AI(JC=;:(GF(
@<;C><E<8K(FGD(<A@<L<@=CE;(CI:@(VZ\__(6!AP<:8K(CA@(-:BD:;;<GA(!;;GJ<C8<GA(GF(
!?:D<JC(j!-!!kQ(TUV[7S(!JJGD@<AI(8G(89:(-)4\ZQ(C(?CbGD(@:BD:;;<L:(:B<;G@:(64-,7(
<;(?CDN:@(>K(C(B:D<G@(GF(C8(E:C;8(8YG(Y::N;(Y9:D:<A(CA(<A@<L<@=CE(:PB:D<:AJ:;(C8(
E:C;8(F<L:(GF(89:(FGEEGY<AI(;K?B8G?;R(@:BD:;;:@(?GG@Q(@:JD:C;:@(<A8:D:;8(GD(
BE:C;=D:(<A(@C<EK(CJ8<L<8<:;Q(Y:<I98(FE=J8=C8<GA;Q(;E::B(@<;8=D>CAJ:;Q(B;KJ9G?G8GD(
CI<8C8<GA(GD(D:8CD@C8<GAQ(FC8<I=:Q(F::E<AI;(GF(YGD89E:;;A:;;(GD(:PJ:;;<L:(GD(
<ACBBDGBD<C8:(I=<E8Q(@:JD:C;:@(JGAJ:A8DC8<GAQ(CA@(;=<J<@CE(<@:C8<GA(GD(C88:?B8(6!c!Q(
TUV]7S(-:BD:;;:@(?GG@(?CK(<ALGEL:(F::E<AI;(GF(;C@A:;;Q(:?B8<A:;;Q(9GB:E:;;A:;;Q(
GD(<DD<8C><E<8KS(&8(<;(<?BGD8CA8(8G(@<;8<AI=<;9(ID<:F(FDG?(C(?CbGD(@:BD:;;<L:(:B<;G@:Q(
89G=I9(<8(<;(BG;;<>E:(8G(:PB:D<:AJ:(>G89(C8(GAJ:S(
( *L:D(89:(K:CD;Q(?CAK(89:GD<:;(9CL:(:?:DI:@(D:ICD@<AI(89:(@:L:EGB?:A8(CA@(
?C<A8:ACAJ:(GF(JE<A<JCE(@:BD:;;<GAS(*A:(GF(89:(?G;8(BDG?<A:A8(89:GD<:;(<;(O:JNi;(
JGIA<8<L:(?G@:E(GF(@:BD:;;<GAQ(Y9<J9(9C;(>::A(?G@<F<:@(8G(<AJE=@:(D:;:CDJ9(F<A@<AI;(
Y<89<A(JGIA<8<L:(A:=DG;J<:AJ:((6O:JNQ(TUU`p(0ECDN(q(O:JNQ(TUVU7S(&A(9<;(?G@:EQ(O:JN(
BG;<8;(89C8(@:BD:;;<GA(<;(?C<A8C<A:@(>K(=A@:DEK<AI(@K;F=AJ8<GACE(C88<8=@:;(GD(
;J9:?C;Q(Y9<J9(?CK(>:(CJ8<LC8:@(>K(C@L:D;:(:L:A8;S(29:;:(;J9:?C;(9<bCJN(CA(
<A@<L<@=CEi;(<AFGD?C8<GA(BDGJ:;;<AI(;K;8:?Q(Y9<J9(89:A(@<D:J8;(89C8(<A@<L<@=CEi;(
C88:A8<GA(8G(A:IC8<L:(;8<?=E<(CA@(D:;=E8;(<A(CA(GL:DCEE(@<;8GD8:@(A:IC8<L:(
<A8:DBD:8C8<GA(GF(:L:A8;(6O:JNQ(TUU`7S(29<;(A:IC8<L:(<A8:DBD:8C8<GA(89:A(;:DL:;(8G(
(
`(
F=D89:D(D:<AFGDJ:(89:(<A@<L<@=CEi;(;J9:?C;Q(JD:C8<AI(C(L<J<G=;(JKJE:S(29<;(JKJE:(GF(
A:IC8<L:(89<AN<AI(CA@(A:IC8<L:(C88:A8<GACE(FGJ=;(>:JG?:;(C=8G?C8<J(CA@(E:C@;(8G(C(
B:DLC;<L:EK(A:IC8<L:(B:DJ:B8<GA(GF(D:CE<8K(6O:JNQ(TUU`7S(!JJGD@<AI(8G(O:JNi;(89:GDKQ(
:AL<DGA?:A8CE(8D<II:D;(CA@(I:A:8<J(CA@(B:D;GACE<8K(FCJ8GD;(BECK(C(JD=J<CE(DGE:(<A(89:(
<A<8<CE(@:L:EGB?:A8(GF(89:(A:IC8<L:(;J9:?C;(60ECDN(q(O:JNQ(TUVU7S((
( cK;^J^KA;N<(CA@('D::A>:DI(6Ve`W7(@:L:EGB:@(C(;:EF\CYCD:A:;;(89:GDK(GF(
@:BD:;;<GAQ(AG8<AI(89C8(<A@<L<@=CE;(Y<89(@:BD:;;<GA(8:A@(8G(@:?GA;8DC8:(9<I9(E:L:E;(
GF(;:EF\FGJ=;S(19<E:(;:EF\FGJ=;:@(C88:A8<GA(CA@(;:EF\:LCE=C8<GA(CD:(?:CA8(8G(;:DL:(CA(
C@CB8<L:(CA@(;:EF\D:I=EC8GDK(F=AJ8<GAQ(<A@<L<@=CE;(Y<89(@:BD:;;<GA(8:A@(8G(I:8(;8=JN(
<A(C(;:EF\FGJ=;:@(;8C8:(C;(89:K(D=?<AC8:(GA(A:IC8<L:(@<;JD:BCAJ<:;(>:8Y::A(
<A8:DACE<^:@(;8CA@CD@;(CA@(D:CE<8K(6cK;^J^KA;N<(q('D::A>:DIQ(Ve`W7S(29<;(<A8:A;<F<:;(
89:(A:IC8<L:(:FF:J8(C;;GJ<C8:@(Y<89(@:BD:;;<GA(CA@(JCA(BECK(C(DGE:(<A(89:(>D:CN@GYA(
GF(;GJ<CE(D:EC8<GA;9<B;S((
( !;(Y<89(CAP<:8K(@<;GD@:D;Q(89:D:(<;(AG(;<AIE:(JC=;:(GF(?CbGD(@:BD:;;<L:(
@<;GD@:DS(-:BD:;;<GA(D:;=E8;(FDG?(89:(JG?BE:P(<A8:DCJ8<GA(GF(C(LCD<:8K(GF(FCJ8GD;(CA@(
BDGJ:;;:;Q(?CAK(GF(Y9<J9(CD:(;8<EE(BGGDEK(=A@:D;8GG@S(0C=;CE(FCJ8GD;(?CK(<AJE=@:(
><GEGI<JCE(@<FF:D:AJ:;Q(>DC<A(J9:?<;8DKQ(9GD?GA:;Q(CA@(<A9:D<8:@(8DC<8;Q(<A(
JG?><AC8<GA(Y<89(C@@<8<GACE(8D<II:D;(E<N:(8DC=?C(CA@(;8D:;;(64CKG(0E<A<JQ(TUV[7S(( (
Mental+Illness+and+Suicide+
+ 4:A8CE(<EEA:;;(B=8;(<A@<L<@=CE;(C8(C(@DC;8<JCEEK(<AJD:C;:@(D<;N(GF(;=<J<@:Q(CA@(
eUl(GF(<A@<L<@=CE;(Y9G(@<:(>K(;=<J<@:(:PB:D<:AJ:(?:A8CE(<EEA:;;(6"!4&Q(TUV[7S(
)=<J<@:(<;(89:(8:A89(E:C@<AI(JC=;:(GF(@:C89(<A(89:(+A<8:@()8C8:;Q(Y<89(GL:D(__QUUU(
!?:D<JCA;(@K<AI(>K(;=<J<@:(:L:DK(K:CD(CA@(8Y:A8K\F<L:(8<?:;(89C8(A=?>:D(
(
e(
C88:?B8<AI(;=<J<@:(6!?:D<JCA(.G=A@C8<GA(FGD()=<J<@:(cD:L:A8<GA(j!.)ckQ(TUVW7S(!A(
:L:A(ID:C8:D(A=?>:D(GF(<A@<L<@=CE;(:PB:D<:AJ:(;=<J<@CE(<@:C8<GAS(O:;<@:;(?:A8CE(
<EEA:;;Q(D<;N(FCJ8GD;(FGD(;=<J<@:(?CK(<AJE=@:(FC?<EK(9<;8GDK(GF(;=<J<@:Q(BD:L<G=;(;=<J<@:(
C88:?B86;7Q(9<;8GDK(GF(CEJG9GE(CA@(;=>;8CAJ:(C>=;:Q(F::E<AI;(GF(9GB:E:;;A:;;Q(
<?B=E;<L:(GD(CIID:;;<L:(8:A@:AJ<:;Q(<;GEC8<GAQ(>CDD<:D;(8G(CJJ:;;<AI(?:A8CE(9:CE89(
8D:C8?:A8Q(B9K;<JCE(<EEA:;;Q(EG;;Q(CA@(:C;K(CJJ:;;(8G(E:89CE(?:89G@;(60:A8:D;(FGD(
-<;:C;:(0GA8DGE(CA@(cD:L:A8<GA(j0-0kQ(TUV[7S((
( 29:(<A8:DB:D;GACE(89:GDK(GF(;=<J<@CE(>:9CL<GD(<;(C(FC<DEK(D:J:A8(C88:?B8(C8(
:PBEC<A<AI(89:(JG?BE:P(B;KJ9GEGI<JCE(B9:AG?:AGA(GF(;=<J<@CE(>:9CL<GDS(29<;(89:GDK(
@<;8<AI=<;9:;(89:(@:;<D:(8G(:AICI:(<A(;=<J<@CE(>:9CL<GD(FDG?(89:(JCBC><E<8K(8G(:AICI:(
<A(;=<J<@CE(>:9CL<GDS(!JJGD@<AI(8G(89:(89:GDKQ(89YCD8:@(>:EGAI<AIA:;;(689:(=A?:8(
mA::@(8G(>:EGAIn7(CA@(B:DJ:<L:@(>=D@:A;G?:A:;;(GA(G89:D;(D:;=E8(<A(89:(@:;<D:(FGD(
;=<J<@:S(&8(<;(GAEK(Y9:A(89<;(@:;<D:(GL:DECB;(Y<89(8 9:( JCBC><E<8K(FGD(;=<J<@:(89C8(E:89CE(
GD(A:CD\E:89CE(;=<J<@:(C88:?B8;(GJJ=D(6fCA(*D@:A(:8(CESQ(TUVU7S(0CBC><E<8K(FGD(;=<J<@:(
<ALGEL:;(<AJD:C;:@(BC<A(8GE:DCAJ:(CA@(C(EGY:D:@(F:CD(GF(@:C89S(29<;(?CK(D:;=E8(FDG?(
FCJ8GD;(;=J9(C;(<?B=E;<L<8KQ(:PBG;=D:(8G(;=<J<@CE<8KQ(JG?>C8(:PBG;=D:Q(BC;8(;=<J<@:(
C88:?B8;Q(CA@aGD(J9<E@9GG@(?CE8D:C8?:A8S((
( 29:(<A8:DB:D;GACE(89:GDK(GFF:D;(C(;GE<@(:PBECAC8<GA(C;(8G(Y9K(<A@<L<@=CE;(
Y<89(?:A8CE(<EEA:;;(CD:(?GD:(E<N:EK(8G(:PB:D<:AJ:(;=<J<@CE(<@:C8<GA(CA@(C88:?B8(GD(
JG??<8(;=<J<@:S()GJ<CE(<;GEC8<GA(CA@(<ACJJ=DC8:(JGIA<8<L:(CBBDC<;CE(CD:(JG??GA(
F:C8=D:;(GF(?:A8CE(@<;GD@:D;(CA@(JCA(:C;<EK(E:C@(<A@<L<@=CE;(8G(F::E(89C8(89:K(@GAi8(
>:EGAI(CA@(CD:(C(>=D@:A(8G(G89:D;S(29:(C@@<8<GACE(89:GD:8<JCE(@<?:A;<GA(GF(CJH=<D:@(
(
VU(
JCBC><E<8K(:PBEC<A;(Y9K(GAEK(C(FDCJ8<GA(GF(<A@<L<@=CE;(;=FF:D<AI(FDG?(?:A8CE(<EEA:;;(
CJ8=CEEK(IG(GA(8G(C88:?B8(GD(JG??<8(;=<J<@:S((
Summary+
( &A(;=??CDKQ(?:A8CE(<EEA:;;(<;(C(;:D<G=;(BDG>E:?(<A(89:(+A<8:@()8C8:;Q(@<D:J8EK(
CFF:J8<AI(C(@<;8=D><AIEK(ECDI:(FDCJ8<GA(GF(89:(BGB=EC8<GAS(&A@<L<@=CE;(Y<89(?:A8CE(
@<;GD@:D;(?CK(:PB:D<:AJ:(C(9G;8(GF(B9K;<JCEQ(:?G8<GACEQ(>:9CL<GDCEQ(B;KJ9GEGI<JCEQ(
CA@(JGIA<8<L:(;K?B8G?;Q(Y9<J9(<A8:DF:D:(JGA;<@:DC>EK(Y<89(@C<EK(F=AJ8<GA<AIS(
!AP<:8K(@<;GD@:D;(CA@(?CbGD(@:BD:;;<L:(@<;GD@:D(CD:(89:(?G;8(JG??GA(GF(89:(
?:A8CE(@<;GD@:D;(CA@(CD:(>:E<:L:@(8G(D:;=E8(FDG?(C(JG?><AC8<GA(GF(><GEGI<JCEQ(
B;KJ9GEGI<JCEQ(CA@(;GJ<CE(FCJ8GD;S(4:A8CE(<EEA:;;(<;(GA:(GF(89:(8GB(D<;N(FCJ8GD;(FGD(
;=<J<@:Q(Y9<J9(<;(GA:(GF(89:(E:C@<AI(JC=;:;(GF(@:C89(<A(8 9:( +S)S(4=;<J(89:DCBK(<;(CA(
:FF:J8<L:(AGAB9CD?CJGEGI<JCE(8D:C8?:A8(FGD(C@@D:;;<AI(C(LCD<:8K(GF(?:A8CE(9:CE89(
A::@;S(
Music+Therapy+and+Mental+Illness+
( 4=;<J(89:DCBK(<ALGEL:;(89:(=;:(GF(?=;<J(<A8:DL:A8<GA;(8G(C@@D:;;(AGA\
?=;<JCE(IGCE;(Y<89<A(89:(JGA8:P8(GF(C(89:DCB:=8<J(D:EC8<GA;9<BS(4=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(YGDN(
<A(C(LCD<:8K(GF(;:88<AI;(Y<89(C(Y<@:(DCAI:(GF(BC8<:A8aJE<:A8(BGB=EC8<GA;S(&A(C(TUVZ(
;=DL:K(>K(89:(!?:D<JCA(4=;<J(29:DCBK(!;;GJ<C8<GAQ(Vel(GF(D:;BGA@:A8;(D:BGD8:@(
;:DL<AI(89:(?:A8CE(9:CE89(BGB=EC8<GAQ(C(ID:C8:D(B:DJ:A8CI:(89CA(CAK(G89:D(;<AIE:(
JE<:A8(BGB=EC8<GA(JC8:IGDK(6!42!Q(TUVZ7S(4:A8CE(9:CE89(;:88<AI;(I:A:DCEEK(<AJE=@:(
8D:C8?:A8(CA@(JG??=A<8K(J:A8:D;Q(@D=IaCEJG9GE(BDGIDC?;Q(FGD:A;<J(FCJ<E<8<:;Q(CA@(
<ABC8<:A8(B;KJ9<C8D<J(=A<8;(6!42!Q(TUVZ7Q(>=8(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(;:DL:(<A@<L<@=CE;(
Y<89(?:A8CE(9:CE89(@<CIAG;:;(<A(G89:D(;:88<AI;(C;(Y:EE(6:SISQ(I:A:DCE(9G;B<8CE;Q(
(
VV(
;J9GGE;Q(I:D<C8D<J(FCJ<E<8<:;7S(/:ICD@E:;;(GF(89:(;:88<AIQ(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(B:DFGD?(
JGA;=?:D(C;;:;;?:A8;(CA@(@:L<;:(<A@<L<@=CE(8D:C8?:A8(BECA;(<A(GD@:D(8G(?::8(89:(
A::@;(GF(:CJ9(JGA;=?:DS((
Transdiagnostic+Theory+
+ 'DG=B(?=;<J(89:DCBK(<;(:P8D:?:EK(JG??GA(Y<89<A(B;KJ9<C8D<J(?=;<J(89:DCBK(
6)<EL:D?CAQ(TUUW7p(9GY:L:DQ(<8(JCA(BDGL:(8G(>:(BCD8<J=ECDEK(J9CEE:AI<AI(Y<89(89<;(
BGB=EC8<GA(@=:(8G(89:(@<L:D;<8K(GF(IDG=B(?:?>:D(@<CIAG;:;S(29:(8DCA;@<CIAG;8<J(
89:GDK(<;(C(B;KJ9<C8D<J(?=;<J(89:DCBK(8D:C8?:A8(B9<EG;GB9K(89C8(<;(>C;:@(GA(
.C<D>=DAQ(0GGB:DQ(CA@()9CFDCAi;(89:GDK(GF( :C 8<AI(@<;GD@:D;(6)<EL:D?CAQ(TUVZ7S(
!JJGD@<AI(8G(89<;(89:GDKQ(E:;;(:?B9C;<;(;9G=E@(>:(BECJ:@(GA(;B:J<F<J(@<CIAG;:;Q(
BCD8<J=ECDEK(Y<89<A(C(IDG=B(JGA8:P8S(&A;8:C@Q(89:(FGJ=;(;9G=E@(>:(GA(CJ8=CE(8D:C8?:A8(
CA@(GA(<@:A8<FK<AI(89:(JG??GACE<8<:;(>:8Y::A(<A@<L<@=CE;(@:CE<AI(Y<89(LCDK<AI(
?:A8CE(@<;GD@:D;S(!JJGD@<AI(8G()<EL:D?CAQ(JG??GACE<8<:;(?CK(<AJE=@:(>:9CL<GD;Q(
;K?B8G?;Q(89G=I98(BC88:DA;Q(<;;=:;Q(:?G8<GA;Q(CA@(;8D:;;GD;S(29:D:(<;(JGA;<@:DC>E:(
GL:DECB(<A(89:(;8D=IIE:;(<A@<L<@=CE;(Y<89(?:A8CE(<EEA:;;(FCJ:Q(AG(?C88:D(89:(@<CIAG;<;S(
.GJ=;<AI(GA(JG??GA(89:?:;(Y<89<A(?=;<J(89:DCBK(JCA(>:(BDG@=J8<L:Q(;=JJ:;;F=EQ(
CA@(=A<FK<AI(FGD(:L:A(89:(?G;8(@<L:D;:(IDG=B;S((
Goal+Areas+Addressed+
( 4=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(CD:(8DC<A:@(8G(=;:(:L<@:AJ:\>C;:@(?=;<J(<A8:DL:A8<GA;(8G(
?::8(C(BE:89GDC(GF(B9K;<JCEQ(B;KJ9GEGI<JCEQ(:?G8<GACEQ(JGIA<8<L:(CA@(;GJ<CE(A::@;S(
!JJGD@<AI(8G(C(;=DL:K(GF(B;KJ9<C8D<J(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;Q(89:(IGCE(CD:C;(?G;8(JG??GAEK(
C@@D:;;:@(Y<89(?:A8CE(9:CE89(JGA;=?:D;(<AJE=@:(;GJ<CE<^C8<GAQ(JG??=A<JC8<GAQ(;:EF\
:;8::?Q(JGB<AI(;N<EE;Q(CA@(;8D:;;(D:@=J8<GAa?CACI:?:A8(6)<EL:D?CAQ(TUUW7S(&8(<;(
(
VT(
<?BGD8CA8(8G(D:JGIA<^:(89C8(JGA;=?:D(A::@;(?CK(>:(BD<GD<8<^:@(@<FF:D:A8EK(
@:B:A@<AI(GA(89:(;:88<AI(CA@(E:AI89(GF(8D:C8?:A8S(29:(?G@:DA(9:CE89JCD:(;K;8:?(
=A@:D;8CA@C>EK(FGJ=;:;(<8;(E<?<8:@(D:;G=DJ:;(GA(89:(;8C><E<^C8<GA(GF(CJ=8:(;K?B8G?;(
GF(?:A8CE(<EEA:;;(<A(C;(;9GD8(C(8<?:FDC?:(C;(BG;;<>E:S(29:D:FGD:Q(<ABC8<:A8(IGCE;(8:A@(
8G(D:LGEL:(CDG=A@(JGAJ:DA;(FGD(<??:@<C8:(;CF:8KS(&A(89:;:(JC;:;Q(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(
JCA(C@@D:;;(IGCE;(;=J9(C;(?:@<JC8<GA(?CACI:?:A8Q(B;KJ9G:@=JC8<GAQ(CAI:D(
?CACI:?:A8Q(CA@(<?B=E;:(JGA8DGES(1<89<A(JG??=A<8K(;:88<AI;(GD(EGAI:D(8D:C8?:A8(
BDGIDC?;Q(ID:C8:D(C88:A8<GA(?CK(>:(BC<@(8G(E:;;(G>L<G=;(;K?B8G?;(GF(?:A8CE(<EEA:;;(
89C8(?CN:(@C<EK(E<F:(C(;8D=IIE:S(4=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(?CK(C@@D:;;(<;;=:;(;=J9(C;(EG;;Q(
ID<:FQ(8DC=?CQ(EGA:E<A:;;Q(CA@(;8<I?C(8G(C<@(<A(EGAI\8:D?(?:A8CE(9:CE89(CA@(;8C><E<8K(
6dCJN;GAQ(TUVZ7S(
Research+Outcomes+
( /:;:CDJ9(Y<89<A(89:(F<:E@(GF(?=;<J(89:DCBK(@:?GA;8DC8:;(89:(?CAK(>:A:F<8;(
?=;<J(89:DCBK(JCA(9CL:(FGD(<A@<L<@=CE;(@:CE<AI(Y<89(C(DCAI:(GF(?:A8CE(@<;GD@:D;S(
)8=@<:;(GA(?=;<J(89:DCBK(Y<89(B;KJ9<C8D<J(<ABC8<:A8;(9CL:(:P9<><8:@(BG;<8<L:(:FF:J8;(
GA(;C8<;FCJ8<GA(Y<89(E<F:Q(NAGYE:@I:(GF(<EEA:;;Q(NAGYE:@I:(GF(JGB<AI(;N<EE;Q(8D:C8?:A8(
B:DJ:B8<GA;Q(D:;BGA;:(FD:H=:AJK(CA@(8KB:Q(;GJ<CE(;=BBGD8Q(YGDN<AI(CEE<CAJ:Q(IDG=B(
C88:A@CAJ:Q(CA@(8D=;8(<A(89:(89:DCB<;8(6)<EL:D?CAQ(TUUeCQ(TUVVQ(TUV_7S(!(D:J:A8(
;K;8:?C8<J(D:L<:Y(GF(?=;<J(89:DCBK(Y<89(CJ=8:(B;KJ9<C8D<J(<ABC8<:A8;(D:L:CE:@(89C8(
?=;<J(89:DCBK(D:@=J:;(BG;<8<L:(CA@(A:IC8<L:(;K?B8G?;(GF(?:A8CE(<EEA:;;Q(CEE:L<C8:;(
B;KJ9<C8D<J(;K?B8G?;Q(CA@(<?BDGL:;(<A8:DB:D;GACE(F=AJ8<GA<AI(60CDDQ(*@:EE\4<EE:DQ(q(
cD<:>:Q(TUV]7S(!@@<8<GACEEKQ(C(;8=@K(>K('DGJN:Q(OEGJ9Q(CA@(0C;8E:(6TUUe7(;9GY:@(89C8(
?=;<J(89:DCBK(;:;;<GA;(9:E@(Y<89<A(JG??=A<8K(;:88<AI;(;<IA<F<JCA8EK(<?BDGL:@(;:EF\
(
V](
D:BGD8:@(H=CE<8K(GF(E<F:Q(;C8<;FCJ8<GA(Y<89( GL:DC EE(9:CE89Q(;GJ<CE(;=BBGD8Q(GBBGD8=A<8<:;(
FGD(E:<;=D:(CJ8<L<8<:;Q(CA@(B9K;<JCE(BC<A(FGD(<A@<L<@=CE;(Y<89(;:L:D:(CA@(:A@=D<AI(
?:A8CE(<EEA:;;S(
Summary+
( 4=;<J(89:DCBK(<;(CA(:FF:J8<L:(AGA\B9CD?CJGEGI<JCE(8D:C8?:A8(GB8<GA(FGD(
<A@<L<@=CE;(Y<89(?:A8CE(<EEA:;;S():DL<J:;(CD:(BDGL<@:@(Y<89<A(C(LCD<:8K(GF(;:88<AI;Q(
<AJE=@<AI(<ABC8<:A8(B;KJ9<C8D<J(=A<8;Q(JG??=A<8K(J:A8:D;Q(CA@(@D=IaCEJG9GE(
BDGIDC?;Q(8G(AC?:(C(F:YS(19<E:(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(?CK(YGDN(Y<89(?:A8CE(9:CE89(
JGA;=?:D;(GA(CA(<A@<L<@=CE(>C;<;Q(?CAK(BDGL<@:(IDG=B(?=;<J(89:DCBKS(29:(
8DCA;@<CIAG;8<J(?G@:E(BDGL<@:;(C(9:EBF=E(JGA8:P8(FGD(?::8<AI(89:(A::@;(GF(
<A@<L<@=CE;(Y<89(@<FF:D:A8(@<CIAG;:;(>K(J:A8:D<AI(8D:C8?:A8(CDG=A@(JG??GA(89:?:;(
CA@(<@:C;S(0GA;=?:D(IGCE;(?CK(<AJE=@:(<AJD:C;<AI(JGB<AI(;N<EE;Q(D:@=J<AI(;8D:;;Q(
<?BDGL<AI(<?B=E;:(JGA8DGEQ(CA@(<AJD:C;<AI(NAGYE:@I:(GF(<EEA:;;S(/:;:CDJ9(;9GY;(
89C8(?=;<J(89:DCBK(JCA(;=JJ:;;F=EEK(C@@D:;;(CA@(CEE:L<C8:(;K?B8G?;(GF(?:A8CE(
<EEA:;;S(((
Lyric+Analysis+and+Mental+Illness+
Overview+
( 4=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(=;:(?CAK(@<FF:D:A8(8:J9A<H=:;(CA@(<A8:DL:A8<GA;(8G(C@@D:;;(
JE<:A8(CA@(BC8<:A8(IGCE;Q(>=8(EKD<J(CACEK;<;(<;(GA:(GF(89:(?G;8(BGB=ECD(Y<89<A(?:A8CE(
9:CE89(8D:C8?:A8S(&A(C(D:J:A8(;=DL:K(;8=@KQ(`_l(GF(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(YGDN<AI(<A(
?:A8CE(9:CE89(8D:C8?:A8(;:88<AI;(D:BGD8:@(=;<AI(EKD<J(CACEK;<;(<A8:DL:A8<GA;(6,KD:(q(
#::Q(TUVZ7S(&A(C(>DGC@(;:A;:Q(EKD<J(CACEK;<;(<;(;<?BEK(89:(@<;J=;;<GA(GF(;GAI(EKD<J;S(
1<89<A(?:A8CE(9:CE89(8D:C8?:A8Q(89<;(8:J9A<H=:(<ALGEL:;(E<;8:A<AI(8G(C(;GAI(CA@(
(
V_(
:AICI<AI(<A(@<;J=;;<GA(J:A8:D:@(GA(89:(EKD<J(JGA8:A8(FGD(89:(B=DBG;:(GF(C;;:;;<AIQ(
LCE<@C8<AIQ(GD(C@@D:;;<AI(9GY(89:(?=;<J(89:DCBK(JGA;=?:D(=A@:D;8CA@;Q(89<AN;Q(
F::E;Q(GD(D:EC8:;(6-LGDCNQ(TUV[p():ELCDCbC9Q(TUV]7S(#KD<J(CACEK;<;\8KB:(<A8:DL:A8<GA;(
IG(>K(?CAK(@<FF:D:A8(AC?:;(Y<89<A(89:(?=;<J(89:DCBK(E<8:DC8=D:Q(<AJE=@<AI(EKD<J(
@<;J=;;<GAQ(?=;<J(E<;8:A<AIa@<;J=;;<GAQ(I=<@:@(?=;<J(E<;8:A<AI(CA@(JG=A;:E<AIQ(;GAI(
CACEK;<;Q(;GAI(EKD<J(@<;J=;;<GAQ(CA@(;GAI(jEKD<Jk(@<;J=;;<GA(6-LGDCNQ(TUV[7S((
( !E89G=I9(B;KJ9<C8D<J(?=;<J(89:DCBK(<;(?G;8(GF8:A(@:E<L:D:@(<A(IDG=B(FGD?C8Q(
EKD<J(CACEK;<;(JCA(>:(=;:@(Y<89(<A@<L<@=CE;(GD(IDG=B;(6)<EL:D?CAQ(TUUW7S(#KD<J(
CACEK;<;(<;(=;:@(8G(C@@D:;;(C(Y<@:(LCD<:8K(GF(BC8<:A8(IGCE;S('GCE;(CA@(8D:C8?:A8(
89:?:;(?CK(<AJE=@:(;:EF\:PBD:;;<GAQ(:?G8<GA(D:I=EC8<GAQ(JGB<AIQ(J9CAI:Q(;=BBGD8Q(
C@@<J8<GA(CA@(C>=;:Q(BDG>E:?(<@:A8<F<JC8<GAQ(;K?B8G?;Q(IGCE(;:88<AIQ(9GB:Q(BG;<8<L:(
89<AN<AIQ(CJJ:B8CAJ:Q(CA@(;:EF\CYCD:A:;;(6):ELCDCbC9Q(TUV]p()<EL:D?CAQ(TUUe>7S((
Lyric+Analysis+Process+
( #KD<J(CACEK;<;(<A8:DL:A8<GA;(8KB<JCEEK(>:I<A ( Y<89(89:(JGA;=?:D6;7(CA@(
89:DCB<;8(E<;8:A<AI(8G(C(;GAI(8GI:89:DQ(:<89:D(L<C(C(D:JGD@<AI(GD(BECK:@(E<L:(>K(89:(
89:DCB<;8(6)<EL:D?CAQ(TUUe>7S(!F8:DYCD@Q(89:(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8(=;:;(L:D>CE(BDGJ:;;<AI(
8:J9A<H=:;(8G(FCJ<E<8C8:(@<;J=;;<GA(J:A8:D:@(GA(89:(EKD<J;S(-LGDCNs;(F<L:\E:L:E(
FDC?:YGDN(FGD(EKD<J(CACEK;<;(BDGJ:;;<AI(BDGL<@:;(C(FGD?C8(FGD(FCJ<E<8C8<AI(89<;(
@<;J=;;<GA(Y<89<A(C(IDG=B(JGA8:P8(6TUV[7S(29:(FDC?:YGDN(<ALGEL:;(6V7(BDGJ:;;<AI(
89:(?=;<J(<8;:EFQ(6T7(D:FE:J8<AI(GA(BCD8<J<BCA8;s(D:;BGA;:;Q(6]7(@<;J=;;<AI(89:(:FF:J8(GA(
89:(IDG=B(BDGJ:;;Q(Y9<J9(:AJG=DCI:;(BCD8<J<BCA8;(8G(JGA;<@:D(CA@(<A8:DCJ8(Y<89(
G89:D(IDG=B(?:?>:D;Q(6_7(D:FE:J8<AI(GA(BCD8<J<BCA8;s(B:D;GACE(<A;<I98;Q(CA@(6Z7(
8DCA;F:DD<AI(A:Y(<A;<I98;(8G(BCD8<J<BCA8;s(E<L:;(6-LGDCNQ(TUV[7S(cDGJ:;;<AI(89:(?=;<J(
(
VZ(
JCA(>:(C(AGA\89D:C8:A<AI(YCK(8G(GB:A(=B(@<;J=;;<GA(Y9<E:(>=<E@<AI(DCBBGD8(CA@(
8D=;8S(,CJ9(E:L:E(Y<89<A(89:(FDC?:YGDN(D:H=<D:;(C@@<8<GACE(8D=;8Q(8DCA;BCD:AJKQ(CA@(
GB:AA:;;(FDG?(IDG=B(?:?>:D;S(*AJ:(C(E:L:E(GF(JGAA:J8<GA(CA@(8D=;8(<;(>=<E8Q(
BC8<:A8;(?CK(F::E(?GD:(JG?B:EE:@(8G(;9CD:(@::B:D(BCD8;(GF(89:?;:EL:;(Y<89(89:(
89:DCB<;8(CA@(IDG=BQ(I=<@:@(>K(CBBE<JC>E:(E<A:;(FDG?(Y<89<A(89:(;GAIS(29<;(;9CD<AI(<A(
8=DA(E:C@;(8G(89:(@:L:EGB?:A8(GF(A:Y(<A;<I98;(CA@(E<F:(CBBE<JC8<GA;S(!E89G=I9(<8(YC;(
@:;<IA:@(;B:J<F<JCEEK(FGD(IDG=B\YGDNQ(89:(CFGD:?:A8<GA:@(FDC?:YGDN(?CK(>:(
?G@<F<:@(FGD(YGDN(Y<89(<A@<L<@=CE;(C;(Y:EES((
Song+Selection+
( )<AJ:(EKD<J(CACEK;<;(<A8:DL:A8<GA;(JG?BE:8:EK(D:LGEL:(CDG=A@(;GAI;(CA@(89:<D(
EKD<J(JGA8:A8Q(<8(<;(JD=J<CE(89C8(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(BCK(JCD:F=E(C88:A8<GA(8G(;GAI(
;:E:J8<GAS(19:A(J9GG;<AI(?=;<J(89C8(Y<EE(>:(?G;8(CBBDGBD<C8:(CA@(:FF:J8<L:(FGD(
JGA;=?:D;Q(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(A::@(8G(JGA;<@:D(89:(89:DCB:=8<J(F=AJ8<GA(GF(?=;<JS(
29:K(?=;8(JE:CDEK(=A@:D;8CA@(89:(DGE:(GF(:CJ9(?=;<JCE(:E:?:A8(<A(?::8<AI(@:;<D:@(
89:DCB:=8<J(G=8JG?:;(63CA;GA\!>DG?:<8Q(TUVZ7S(19<E:(:E:?:A8;(;=J9(C;(8:?BGQ(
?:EG@KQ(D9K89?Q(CA@(9CD?GA<J(;8D=J8=D:(?=;8(>:(JCD:F=EEK(JGA;<@:D:@Q(EKD<J;(<A(
BCD8<J=ECD(;9G=E@(>:(9:CL<EK(;JD=8<A<^:@(FGD(89:<D(89:DCB:=8<J(LCE=:S(
( &A(;B<8:(GF(89:(<?BGD8CAJ:(GF(89:(J9G<J:(GF(;GAI;(=;:@(>K(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(<A(
EKD<J(CACEK;<;Q(89:D:(<;(L:DK(E<88E:(D:;:CDJ9(8G(@C8:(GA(;GAI(;:E:J8<GAS(!(TUUe(;=DL:K(
;8=@K(D:L:CE:@(89C8(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(8KB<JCEEK(J9GG;:(;GAI;(CJJGD@<AI(8G(89:?:Q(
B:D;GACE(BD:F:D:AJ:Q(CA@(JGA;=?:D(GD(BDGF:;;<GACE(D:JG??:A@C8<GA;(6)<EL:D?CAQ(
TUUe>7S(!JJGD@<AI(8G(CA(CD8<JE:(>K('CD@;8DG?(CA@(3<EE:DQ(;B:J<F<J(;GAI(EKD<J(
JGA;<@:DC8<GA;(?CK(CE;G(<AJE=@:(E<8:DCDK(:E:?:A8;(CA@(8:J9A<H=:;(CA@(BG<A8(GF(L<:Y(
(
V[(
6TUVU7S(!@@<8<GACEEKQ(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(?CK(B=DBG;:F=EEK(CLG<@(J:D8C<A(;GAI;(>C;:@(
GA(JGA8:A8S(!(TUV[(;=DL:K(<AL:;8<IC8<AI(J:A;GD;9<B(<A(C@=E8(B;KJ9<C8D<J(?=;<J(
89:DCBK(BDCJ8<J:(;9GY:@(89C8(89:(?CbGD<8K(GF(D:;BGA@:A8;(:AICI:@(<A(;G?:(FGD?(GF(
?=;<J(J:A;GD;9<B(6dGBE<A(q(-LGDCN7S(29:(?G;8(JG??GAEK(J:A;GD:@(EKD<J;(Y:D:(
BDGFCA<8KQ(@D=I(D:F:D:AJ:;Q(CA@(CEJG9GE(D:F:D:AJ:;Q(CA@(89:(?G;8(JG??GAEK(
J:A;GD:@(89:?:;(Y:D:(?<;GIKAKQ(L<GE:AJ:Q(;:PQ(ICAI\D:EC8:@(JGA8:A8Q(CA@(?<;CA@DKS(
29:(8GB(D:C;GA;(FGD(J:A;GD;9<B(<AJE=@:@(BG8:A8<CE(A:IC8<L:(<?BCJ8(GA(G89:D(IDG=B(
?:?>:D;Q(JE<:A8(@<;JG?FGD8Q(A:IC8<L:(<?BCJ8(GA(89:(89:DCB:=8<J(D:EC8<GA;9<BQ(
A:IC8<L:(<?BCJ8(GA(JE<:A8(;:EF\:;8::?Q(CA@(<AJ<8:?:A8(GF(:?G8<GACE(@<;8D:;;S(19<E:(
89<;(;8=@K(BDGL<@:;(=;:F=E(<AFGD?C8<GA(GA(EKD<J;Q(89:?:;Q(;GAI;Q(CA@(I:AD:;(GF(?=;<J(
89C8(B;KJ9<C8D<J(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(JG??GAEK(CLG<@Q(89:D:(<;(C(ICB(<A(89:(D:;:CDJ9(
E<8:DC8=D:(D:ICD@<AI(CBBDGBD<C8:(;GAI(;:E:J8<GA(FGD(EKD<J(CACEK;<;(Y<89(89:(?:A8CE(
9:CE89(BGB=EC8<GAS(!A(:PC?<AC8<GA(GF(E<AI=<;8<J(8D:A@;(<A(;GAI(EKD<J;(JG??GAEK(=;:@(
FGD(EKD<J(CACEK;<;(Y<89(BC8<:A8;(Y<89(?:A8CE(9:CE89(@<CIAG;:;(JG=E@(C<@(<A(ACDDGY<AI(
89<;(ICBS(
Linguistic+Inquiry+and+Word+Count+(LIWC)+Software+and+Mental+Illness+
( c;KJ9GEGI<;8;(CA@(D:EC8:@(BDGF:;;<GACE;(9CL:(>::A(CACEK^<AI(YGD@(CA@(
ECAI=CI:(=;CI:(FGD(@:JC@:;Q(EGGN<AI(8G(<@:A8<FK(E<AI=<;8<J(BC88:DA;(<A@<JC8<AI(
=A@:DEK<AI(B;KJ9GEGI<JCE(BDGJ:;;:;(62C=;J^<N(q(c:AA:>CN:DQ(TUVU7S(#<AI=<;8<J(
&AH=<DK(CA@(1GD@(0G=A8Q(GD(#&10Q(<;(C(JG?B=8:D\>C;:@(8:P8(CACEK;<;(BDGIDC?(
@:;<IA:@(8G(H=<JNEK(CA@(:FF:J8<L:EK(BDGJ:;;(YD<88:A(GD(8DC A;JD<> :@(L:D>CE(8:P8(
=8<E<^<AI(C(E<;8(GF(@<J8<GACDK(YGD@;(D:BD:;:A8<AI(`T(ECAI=CI:(@<?:A;<GA;(
6c:AA:>CN:DQ(OGK@Q(dGD@CAQ(q(OECJN>=DAQ(TUVZ7S(/:;:CDJ9:D;(JCA(BD:\;:E:J8(Y9<J9(
(
VW(
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8D:C8?:A8S!
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VVQ(TUUV(bG=DACE(:A8D<:;Q(;=BBGD8<AI(89:(<@:C(89C8( 9:C E89K(JGB<AI(D:H=<D:;(;9GD8\
8:D?(A:IC8<L:(:?G8<GA(:PBD:;;<GAS(((
LIWC+and+Song+Lyrics+
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(
TV(
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(
TT(
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LIWC+and+Music+Therapy(
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03!c2,/(.*+/(
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n"+
%+
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Music+Therapy+Background/Current+Work+
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n"+
%+
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Affiliated+Region+
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%+
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Years!of!Professional!Music!Therapy!Experience!(N=315)!
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Years+of+Experience+
n"+
%+
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Work!Setting!(N=315)!
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%+
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Setting!Where!Participants!Use!Lyric!Analysis!(N=315)!
!
Setting+
n+
%+
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What!are!distinguishing!characteristics!of!song!lyrics!most!commonly!used!for!lyric!
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LIWC!Domains!of!Interest!
LIWC%Domains%
Mean%
SD#
Word%count%
284.25%
115.45%
Summary%Language%Variables%
%
%
Analytical%thinking%
25.22%
22.89%
Clout%
53.21%
35.45%
Authentic%
73.34%
31.95%
Emotional%tone%
51.34%
34.81%
General%Descriptors%
%
%
Dictionary%words%
94.11%
4.83%
Standard%Linguistic%Dimensions%
%
%
Personal%pronouns%
15.72%
5.12%
%%1st%person%singular%
8.98%
5.48%
%%1st%person%plural%
0.77%
1.44%
%%2nd%person%
5.15%
4.63%
%%3rd%person%singular%
0.29%
0.65%
%%3rd%person%plural%
0.54%
0.76%
Negations%
2.94%
3.56%
Psychological%Processes%
%
%
Affective%processes%
6.96%
5.34%
%%Positive%emotion%
4.39%
4.11%
%%Negative%emotion%
2.54%
2.59%
Social%processes%
11.21%
7.48%
%%Family%
0.27%
0.51%
%%Friends%
0.4%
0.82%
Cognitive%processes%
11.84%
5.62%
Perceptual%processes%
5.69%
5.69%
Biological%processes%
2.32%
1.59%
%%Sexual%
0.03%
0.12%
Drives%
7.18%
5.27%
%%Affiliation%
1.89%
2.11%
Time%orientations%
%
%
%%Past%focus%
2.83%
3.19%
%%Present%focus%
18.85%
8.53%
%%Future%focus%
3.53%
3.24%
Personal%concerns%
%
%
%%Death%
0.15%
0.43%
Informal%language%
1.97%
2.34%
%%Swear%words%
0.07%
0.19%
+
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What!are!distinguishing!characteristics!of!song!lyrics!most!commonly!used!for!lyric!
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_W(
ECDI:EK(:PBEC<A(89:(EGY(;JGD:Q(<8(<;(<?BGD8CA8(8G(AG8:(89C8(;GAI;(@G(AG8(C=8G?C8<JCEEK(
;JGD:(EGY(GA(CACEK8<JCE(89<AN<AIS(29<;(<;(:L<@:A8(<A(89:(LCD<C><E<8K(GF(?:CA(;JGD:;S(
4=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(?CK(F<A@(89C8(;GAI;(YD<88:A(?GD:(<AFGD?CEEK(Y<89(C(ID:C8:D(FGJ=;(
GA(89:(9:D:\CA@\AGY(D:;GAC8:(Y<89(?:A8CE(9:CE89(JGA;=?:D;(CA@(CD:(I:A:DCEEK(
?GD:(:FF:J8<L:(<A(CJ9<:L<AI(JE<:A8aBC8<:A8(IGCE;S(29:(CACEK8<JCE(89<AN<AI(;JCE:(YC;(
@:L:EGB:@(>C;:@(GA(CA(CEIGD<89?(=;:@(<A(BC;8(D:;:CDJ9(8G(?:C;=D:(JC8:IGD<JCE(
L:D;=;(@KAC?<J(89<AN<AI(<A(YD<8<AI(;C?BE:;(6c:AA:>CN:D(:8(CESQ(TUV_7S(!(?GD:(
@KAC?<J(89<AN<AI(;8KE:Q(Y9<J9(JGDD:;BGA@;(8G(C(EGY(;JGD:(GA(89:(#&10TUVZ(
CACEK8<JCE(89<AN<AI(@G?C<AQ(9C;(>::A(C;;GJ<C8:@(Y<89(;=<J<@CE<8K(<A(?=;<J<CA;(
64CDNGY<8^(q(3CAJGJNQ(TUV[7S(4:A8CE(9:CE89(JGA;=?:D;(?CK(JGAA:J8(Y<89(;GAI;(
;JGD<AI(EGY(GA(CACEK8<JCE(89<AN<AI(>:JC=;:(89:(YD<8<AI(;8KE:(JGAL:K;(C(;<?<ECD(E:L:E(
GF(B;KJ9GEGI<JCE(@<;8D:;;(C;(89:;:(JGA;=?:D;(CD:(J=DD:A8EK(:PB:D<:AJ<AIS(29<;(?CK(
BECK(<A8G(89:(B:DJ:<L:@(:FF:J8<L:A:;;(GF(89:;:(;GAI;(FGD(EKD<J(CACEK;<;S((
( )GAI(EKD<J;(=;:@(FGD(EKD<J(CACEK;<;(;JGD:@(9<I9(GA(89:(C=89:A8<J(@G?C<AQ(
<A@<JC8<AI(C(?GD:(9GA:;8Q(B:D;GACEQ(CA@(@<;JEG;<AI(YD<8<AI(;8KE:(C;(GBBG;:@(8G(C(
?GD:(I=CD@:@(CA@(@<;8CAJ:@(YD<8<AI(;8KE:(6c:AA:>CN:DQ(OGG89Q(:8(CESQ(TUVZ7S(#KD<J(
CACEK;<;(<;(FD:H=:A8EK(=;:@(C;(C(AGA\89D:C8:A<AI(YCK(8G(:AICI:(?:A8CE(9:CE89(
JGA;=?:D;(<A(GB:A<AI(=B(C>G=8(89:<D(GYA(;<8=C8<GA;Q(;8D=IIE:;Q(F:CD;Q(CA@(9GB:;S(
&A@<L<@=CE;(CD:(I:A:DCEEK(?GD:(D:J:B8<L:(8G(B:D;GACE(@<;JEG;=D:(Y9:A(89:K(F::E(C(
;:A;:(GF(8D=;8(CA@(;CF:8KS(&8(?CK(B=8(JE<:A8;aBC8<:A8;(?GD:(C8(:C;:(CA@(9:EB(Y<89(
DCBBGD8(>=<E@<AI(Y9:A(;GAI;(Y<89(I D:C 8:D(8DCA;BCD:AJK(CA@(C=89:A8<J<8K(CD:(J9G;:A(
FGD(EKD<J(CACEK;<;S((
(
(
_`(
( 0EG=8(<;(C(E<AI=<;8<J(@G?C<A(D:FE:J8<AI(89:(JGAF<@:AJ:(<A(C(YD<8<AI(;C?BE:S(!(
9<I9(;JGD:(D:FE:J8;(:PB:D8<;:(CA@(JGAF<@:AJ:(<A(89:(YD<8<AIQ(Y9<E:(C(EGY(;JGD:(D:FE:J8;(
8:A8C8<L:A:;;Q(9=?<E<8KQ(CA@(CAP<:8K(<A(89:(YD<8<AI(6c:AA:>CN:DQ(OGG89Q(:8(CESQ(TUVZ7S(
)GAI(EKD<J;(;JGD:@(<A(89:(?<@@E:(GL:DCEEQ(>=8(89:(9<I9(LCD<C><E<8K(;=II:;8;(89C8(89<;(<;(
@=:(8G(LCDK<AI(E:L:E;(GF(JEG=8(>:8Y::A(;GAI;S(4=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(?CK(J9GG;:(;GAI;(
Y<89(LCDK<AI(E:L:E;(GF(JEG=8(FGD(@<FF:D:A8(D:C;GA;S()GAI;(Y<89(C(9<I9(E:L:E(GF(JEG=8(
?CK(>:(@:;<DC>E:(FGD(<A;B<D<AI(8D=;8Q(9GB:Q(CA@(J9CAI:(<A(?:A8CE(9:CE89(JGA;=?:D;Q(
Y9<E:(;GAI;(Y<89(C(EGY(E:L:E(GF(JEG=8(?CK(>:(>:88:D(FGD(LCE<@C8<AI(J=DD:A8(JGA;=?:D(
F::E<AI;(CA@(:PBEGD<AI(CAP<:8K(GD(C(ECJN(GF(JGAF<@:AJ:( <A( 89:(JGA;=?:DS((
( )GAI(EKD<J;(CE;G(;JGD:@(<A(89:(?<@@E:(GA(89:(:?G8<GACE(8GA:(@G?C<AS(3<I9(
:?G8<GACE(8GA:(D:FE:J8;(C(BG;<8<L:Q(=B>:C8(YD<8<AI(;8KE:Q(Y9<E:(C(EGY(A=?>:D(D:FE:J8;(
CA(CAP<G=;Q(;C@Q(GD(9G;8<E:(YD<8<AI(;8KE:(6c:AA:>CN:DQ(OGG89Q(:8(CESQ(TUVZ7S(!;(Y<89(
JEG=8Q(89:D:(YC;(C(9<I9(@:ID::(GF(LCD<C><E<8K(<A(89:(?:CA(;JGD:;S()G?:(;GAI;(D:FE:J8:@(
C(?GD:(BG;<8<L:(:?G8<GACE(8GA:Q(Y9<E:(G89:D;(D:FE:J8:@(C(?GD:(A:IC8<L:(:?G8<GACE(
8GA:S(4=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(?CK(F<A@(89C8(;GAI;(D:FE:J8<AI(9<I9(BG;<8<L<8K(CD:(?GD:(
:FF:J8<L:(<A(J:D8C<A(JGA8:P8;Q(Y9<E:(;GAI;(D:FE:J8<AI(9<I9(A:IC8<L<8K(CD:(?GD:(
:FF:J8<L:(<A(G89:D;S(29<;(?CK(LCDK(@:B:A@<AI(GA(;8CI:(GF(8D:C8?:A8Q(89:DCB<;8\
JGA;=?:D(DCBBGD8Q(BC8<:A8\BD:F:DD:@(?=;<JQ(CA@(8D:C8?:A8(IGCE;S(&A(89:(:CDEK(;8CI:;(
GF(8D:C8?:A8(GD(C8(89:(>:I<AA<AI(GF(C(?=;<J(89:DCBK(;:;;<GAQ(<8(?CK(>:(?G;8(:FF:J8<L:(
8G(?::8(JGA;=?:D;(Y9:D:(89:K(CD:(:?G8<GACEEK(FGD(LCE<@C8<GAQ(DCBBGD8(>=<E@<AIQ(CA@(
<A<8<CE(:PBEGDC8<GA(GF(89:DCB:=8<J(<;;=:;S(&F(JGA;=?:D;(CD:(<A<8<CEEK(<A(C(L:DK(A:IC8<L:(
9:C@;BCJ:(GD(I:A:DCEEK(BD:F:D(8G(E<;8:A(8G(?=;<J(89C8(<;(?GD:(m?GG@KQn(<8(JG=E@(>:(
JG=A8:DBDG@=J8<L:(8G(<A<8<CEEK(=;:(?=;<J(Y<89(:P8D:?:EK(BG;<8<L:(CA@(9GB:F=E(EKD<J;(
(
(
_e(
GD(<A(C(AGA\BD:F:DD:@(I:AD:(GD(;8KE:S(+;<AI(?=;<J(Y<89(9<I9EK(BG;<8<L:(EKD<J;(Y<89(C(
JE<:A8(Y9G(<;(:PB:D<:AJ<AI(A:IC8<L:(:?G8<GA;(JG=E@(CJ8=CEEK(>:(@C?CI<AI(8G(89:(
89:DCB:=8<J(D:EC8<GA;9<BQ(JC=;<AI(BC8<:A8;aJE<:A8;(8G(JEG;:(GFF(:?G8<GACEEKS(19:A(
JGA;=?:D;(CD:(D:C@KQ(;GAI(EKD<J;(D:FE:J8<AI(C(BG;<8<L:(:?G8<GACE(8GA:(?CK(>:(?GD:(
CBBDGBD<C8:(CA@(9:CE<AIS(29:(:?G8<GACE(8GA:(;JCE:(YC;(>C;:@(GA(CA(CEIGD<89?(
@:L:EGB:@(<A(C(BC;8(;8=@K(8G(?:C;=D:(89:(E:L:E(GF(GL:DCEE(:?G8<GACE(BG;<8<L<8K(<A(
YD<8<AI(;C?BE:;(60G9A(:8(CESQ(TUU_7S(29<;(BD:L<G=;(;8=@K(FG=A@(89C8(<A@<L<@=CE;(
9<I9EK(BD:GJJ=B<:@(Y<89(C(8DC=?C8<J(:PB:D<:AJ:(@<;BECK:@(EGY:D(E:L:E;(GF(BG;<8<L<8K(
<??:@<C8:EK(FGEEGY<AI(89:(8DC=?C(>=8(IDC@=CEEK(D:8=DA:@(8G(>C;:E<A:(DC8:;(GF(
:?G8<GACE(BG;<8<L<8K(GL:D(89:(A:P8(8YG(Y::N;S(4:A8CE(9:CE89(JGA;=?:D;(:PB:D<:AJ:(
ID:C8:D(@<FF<J=E8K(Y<89(:?G8<GACE(BG;<8<L<8K(@=:(8G(A:IC8<L:(89G=I98(BC88:DA;Q(
;8D=IIE:;(Y<89(9GB:E:;;A:;;Q(CA@(BGGD(JGB<AI(;N<EE;(60E C DN(q(O:JNQ(TUVU7S(&8(8KB<JCEEK(
8CN:;(EGAI:D(FGD(89:;:(JGA;=?:D;(8G(J9CAI:(89:<D(G=8EGGN(FDG?(BD:@G?<ACA8EK(
A:IC8<L:(8G(BD:@G?<ACA8EK(BG;<8<L:S(29:;:(JGA;=?:D;(E<N:EK(JGAA:J8(?GD:(@::BEK(
Y<89(;GAI;(D:FE:J8<AI(89:(A:IC8<L<8K(Y<89(Y9<J9(89:K(CD:(BD:GJJ=B<:@Q(E:C@<AI(?=;<J(
89:DCB<;8;(8G(J9GG;:(;G?:(;GAI;(Y<89(A:IC8<L:(:?G8<GACE(8GA:S(!E89G=I9(89:K(JCA(
<A;B<D:(@::B(89:DCB:=8<J(@<;J=;;<GA(E:C@<AI(8G(A:Y(<A;<I98;(<A(J:D8C<A(JGA8:P8;Q(
A:IC8<L:(;GAI(EKD<J;(?CK(CE;G(B:DB:8=C8:(A:IC8<L:(D=?<AC8<GA(8:A@:AJ<:;(<A(?:A8CE(
9:CE89(JGA;=?:D;S(#KD<J;(Y<89(?GD:(:?G8<GACE(BG;<8<L<8K(?CK(;G?:8<?:;(>:(?GD:(
:FF:J8<L:(<A(9:EB<AI(JGA;=?:D;(8CN:(C(A:Y(B:D;B:J8<L:(CA@(>D:CN(FD::(FDG?(A:IC8<L:(
JKJE:;S((
+
+
(
(
ZU(
Standard+Linguistic+Dimensions+
+ 29:(D:EC8<L:EK(9<I9(DC8:(GF(F<D;8(B:D;GA(;<AI=ECD(BDGAG=A;(<A(JG?BCD<;GA(Y<89(
G89:D(B:D;GACE(BDGAG=A;(<A@<JC8:;(C(9<I9(E:L:E(GF(;:EF\FGJ=;:@(C88:A8<GA(<A(;GAI(
EKD<J;S(29:(FGJ=;(GF(89:(EKD<J;(<;(GA(m?:n(C;(GBBG;:@(8G(m9<?a9:Da89:?n(GD(mKG=Sn((
29<;(;=II:;8;(89C8(89:(?G;8(JG??GAEK(=;:@(;GAI;(FGD(EKD<J(CACEK;<;(Y<89(89:(?:A8CE(
9:CE89(BGB=EC8<GA(CD:(I:A:DCEEK(YD<88:A(<A(F<D;8(B:D;GAS()GAI;(YD<88:A(<A(F<D;8(B:D;GA(
?CK(>:(:C;<:D(FGD(?:A8CE(9:CE89(JGA;=?:D;(8G(D:EC8:(8G(CA@(BDGb:J8(89:<D(:PB:D<:AJ:;(
=BGA(@=:(8G(89:(8:A@:AJK(GF(89:;:(<A@<L<@=CE;(8G(>:(?GD:(;:EF\BD:GJJ=B<:@(
6cK;^JKA;N<(q('D::A>:DIQ(Ve`W7S(3<I9(DC8:;(GF(F<D;8(B:D;GA(;<AI=ECD(BDGAG=A(=;:(
9CL:(>::A(C;;GJ<C8:@(<A(BC;8(D:;:CDJ9(Y<89(?:A8CE(<EEA:;;(64CDIGEC(:8(CESQ(TUVUp(
4CDNGY<8^(q(3CAJGJNQ(TUV[p(/=@:(:8(CESQ(TUU_p()8<D?CA(q(c:AA:>CN:DQ(TUUV7Q(
;=BBGD8<AI(89:(;:EF\FGJ=;(89:GDKS((
( ):JGA@(B:D;GA(BDGAG=A;(Y:D:(89:(;:JGA@(?G;8(BDG?<A:A8(8KB:(GF(B:D;GACE(
BDGAG=A;(FG=A@(<A(89:(CACEK^:@(;GAI(EKD<J;S(29:K(?C@:(=B(ZSVZl(GF(8G8CE(YGD@(
JG=A8Q(Y9<J9(<;(L:DK(9<I9(<A(JG?BCD<;GA(Y<89(89:(US[`l(FG=A@(<A(:PBD:;;<L:(YD<8<AI(
;C?BE:;(6c:AA:>CN:DQ(OGK@Q(:8(CESQ(TUVZ7Q(89G=I9(<8(<;(<?BGD8CA8(8G(AG8:(89C8(GAEK(89:(
?:CA;(Y:D:(D:BGD8:@(FGD(BDGAG=A(=;:(<A(:PBD:;;<L:(YD<8<AI(;C?BE:;Q(CA@(AG8(89:(
;8CA@CD@(@:L<C8<GA;S(&A(BC;8(D:;:CDJ9Q(9<I9:D(DC8:;(GF(;:JGA@(B:D;GA(BDGAG=A;(9CL:(
>::A(BD:@<J8<L:(GF(EGY:D\H=CE<8K(D:EC8<GA;9<B;(62C=;J^<N(q(c:AA:>CN:DQ(TUVU7S(
)GAI;(D:F:D:AJ<AI(mKG=n(CA@(mKG=Dn(?G;8(FD:H=:A8EK(?CK(>:(?GD:(>EC?<AI(CA@(
JGAFDGA8C8<GACE(<A(AC8=D:S(4:A8CE(9:CE89(JGA;=?:D;(?CK(D:EC8:(?GD:(JEG;:EK(Y<89(
;GAI;(YD<88:A(<A(89<;(;8KE:S(19<E:(89<;(?CK(>:(89:(JC;:Q(<8(<;(CE;G(<?BGD8CA8(8G(
JGA;<@:D(89C8(?=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(?CK(B<JN(;GAI;(Y<89(C(9<I9(DC8:(GF(;:JGA@(B:D;GA(
(
(
ZV(
BDGAG=A;(;<?BEK(>:JC=;:(89:K(JGAL:K(C(JE:CD(?:;;CI:(@<D:J8EK(8G(89:(E<;8:A:DS(29:(
?:;;CI:(JG=E@(>:(BG;<8<L:(6:SISQ(mKG=(CD:(>:C=8<F=En7(C;(GBBG;:@(8G(JGAFDGA8C8<GACE(GD(
>EC?<AIS(
( ":IC8<GA;(CD:(YGD@;(E<N:(mAGQn(mA:L:DQn(CA@(mAG8n(89C8(?CK(<AFE=:AJ:(89:(
CJJ=DCJK(GF(G89:D(E<AI=<;8<J(JC8:IGDK(B:DJ:A8CI:;S(.GD(:PC?BE:Q(89:(B9DC;:Q(m&(C?(AG8(
;C@n(YG=E@(>:(;JGD:@(>K(#&10(C;(JGA8C<A<AI(GA:(A:IC8<L:(:?G8<GA(YGD@(CA@(AG(
BG;<8<L:(:?G8<GA(YGD@;(:L:A(89G=I9(89:(GL:DCEE(?:;;CI:(GF(89:(B9DC;:(<;(BG;<8<L:S((
0EG;:(8G(]l(GF(CEE(YGD@;(<A(89:(?G;8(JG??GAEK(=;:@(;GAI;(Y:D:(A:IC8<GA;S(29<;(<;(
9<I9(JG?BCD:@(8G(89:(VS[el(FG=A@(<A(CA(:PBD:;;<L:(YD<8<AI(;C?BE:(D:BGD8:@(GA(>K(
c:AA:>CN:DQ(OGK@Q(:8(CES(<A(89:<D(JCEJ=EC8<GA(GF(>C;:(DC8:;(GF(YGD@(=;CI:(FGD(
#&10TUVZ(6TUVZ7S("G(;8CA@CD@(@:L<C8<GA(YC;(D:BGD8:@(FGD(89:( :PBD:;;<L:(YD<8<AI(
;C?BE:Q(9GY:L:DQ(;G(8D=:(JG?BCD<;GA(<;(E<?<8:@S((
Psychological+Processes+
+ *L:D(TUl(GF(CEE(YGD@;(<A(89:(;GAI(EKD<J;(?G;8(JG??GAEK(=;:@(>K(?=;<J(
89:DCB<;8;(D:EC8:@(8G(JGIA<8<L:(CA@(;GJ<CE(BDGJ:;;:;S(29:(JGIA<8<L:(BDGJ:;;:;(@G?C<A(
JGA;<;8;(GF(89:(FGEEGY<AI(;=>\JC8:IGD<:;R(<A;<I98Q(JC=;C8<GAQ(@<;JD:BCAJKQ(
8:A8C8<L:A:;;Q(J:D8C<A8KQ(CA@(@<FF:D:A8<C8<GAS(29:(DC8:(GF(JGIA<8<L:(BDGJ:;;(YGD@;(<A(C(
YD<8<AI(;C?BE:(GFF:D;(C(IE<?B;:(<A8G(9GY(89:(YD<8:D(<;(BDGJ:;;<AI(CA@(<A8:DBD:8<AI(
<AFGD?C8<GA(<A(GD@:D(8G(?:A8CEEK(GDICA<^:(89:<D(:AL<DGA?:A8(62C=;J^<N(q(
c:AA:>CN:DQ(TUVU7S(3<I9:D(DC8:;(GF(JGIA<8<L:(BDGJ:;;(YGD@;(9CL:(>::A(C;;GJ<C8:@(
Y<89(BG;<8<L:(JGB<AI(CA@(D:JGL:DK(FDG?(8DC=?C(64CDIGEC(:8(CESQ(TUVUp(c:AA:>CN:D(:8(
CESQ(TUU]7S(4=;<J(89:DCB<;8;(?CK(F<A@(89C8(;GAI;(Y<89(?GD:(JGIA<8<L:(BDGJ:;;(YGD@;(
(
(
ZT(
:AJG=DCI:(?:A8CE(9:CE89(JGA;=?:D;(8G(J9CEE:AI:(J=DD:A8(89G=I98(BC88:DA;(CA@(
@:L:EGB(ID:C8:D(<A;<I98(<A8G(89:<D(GYA(;<8=C8<GA;S((
( &;GEC8<GA(<;(C(JG??GA(;8D=IIE:(FGD(?:A8CE(9:CE89(JGA;=?:D;Q(CA@(;GAI;(Y<89(
9<I9(DC8:;(GF(;GJ<CE(BDGJ:;;(YGD@;(?CK(>:(@:;<DC>E:(FGD(<AJD:C;<AI(;GJ<CE<^C8<GA(GD(
FCJ<E<8C8<AI(JGAL:D;C8<GA(C>G=8(;=BBGD8(;K;8:?;S(19<E:(;GJ<CE(BDGJ:;;(YGD@;(Y:D:(
BDG?<A:A8(<A(89:(;GAI(EKD<J;Q(<8(<;(<A8:D:;8<AI(8G(AG8:(89C8(D:F:D:AJ:;(8G(FC?<EK(CA@(
FD<:A@;(Y:D:(L:DK(EGYS()G?:8<?:;(FC?<EK(?:?>:D;(CA@(J=DD:A8(FD<:A@;(JCA(>:(
=A;CF:(B:GBE:(FGD(<A@<L<@=CE;(Y<89(?:A8CE(<EEA:;;Q(CA@(:AJG=DCI<AI(C(>DGC@:D(
@<;J=;;<GA(C>G=8(@:L:EGB<AI(A:Y(;=BBGD8(;K;8:?;(JCA(>:(?GD:(9:CE89K(CA@(
BDG@=J8<L:(89CA(@Y:EE<AI(GA(J=DD:A8(=A9:CE89K(D:EC8<GA;9<B;S(29<;(?CK(BECK(<A8G(89:(
EGY(FC?<EK(CA@(FD<:A@(D:F:D:AJ:;(FG=A@(<A(89:(?G;8(JG??GAEK(=;:@(;GAI(EKD<J;S(!E;GQ(
<8(<;(<?BGD8CA8(8G(JGA;<@:D(9GY(89:(DC8:(GF(;:JGA@(B:D;GA(BDGAG=A;(JCA(<AFE=:AJ:(
89:(<A8:DBD:8C8<GA(GF(89:(;GJ<CE(BDGJ:;;:;(@G?C<AS(4CAK(GF(89:(YGD@;(JCEJ=EC8:@(
Y<89<A(89:(;GJ<CE(BDGJ:;;:;(@G?C<A(?CK(9CL:(>::A(;:JGA@(B:D;GA(BDGAG=A;Q(Y9<J9(
CJ8=CEEK(D:FE:J8(BGGD\H=CE<8K(D:EC8<GA;9<B;S((
( !FF:J8<L:(BDGJ:;;(YGD@;(Y:D:(E:;;(FD:H=:A8(89CA(JGIA<8<L:(BDGJ:;;(YGD@;(CA@(
;GJ<CE(BDGJ:;;(YGD@;Q(89G=I9(89:(?:CA(DC8:(6[Se[l7(YC;(;8<EE(9<I9:D(89CA(89:(?:CA(
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6c:AA:>CN:DQ(OGK@Q(:8(CESQ(TUVZ7S(,?G8<GA(D:I=EC8<GAQ(:PBD:;;<GAQ(CA@(:PBEGDC8<GA(
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Secondary+Research+Question+
What!songs!do!music!therapists!deem!most!effective!for!lyric!analysis!in!their!work!
with!the!mental!health!population?! ! !
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GD<I<ACE(;GAI;(FGD(EKD<J(CACEK;<;S((
Limitations+
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Suggestions+for+Future+Research+
( 29:(J=DD:A8(D:;:CDJ9(;8=@K(YC;(@:;<IA:@(8G(JGEE:J8(BD:E<?<ACDK(<AFGD?C8<GA(
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b=@I?:A8(Y<EE(CEYCK;(>:(JD=J<CEQ(89:D:(?CK(>:(YCK;(<A(Y9<J9(#&10(JG=E@(C;;<;8(<A(
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B:DJ:<L:@(C;(?G;8(:FF:J8<L:(>K(?:A8CE(9:CE89(JGA;=?:D;S((
Implications+for+Current+Practice+
( O:JC=;:(?=;<J(<;(89:(89:DCB:=8<J(?:@<=?(FGD(J9CAI:(Y<89<A(?=;<J(89:DCBKQ(
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LIWC%Domains%
Mean%
SD#
Word%count%
284.25%
115.45%
Summary%Language%Variables%
%
Analytical%thinking%
25.22%
22.89%
Clout%
53.21%
35.45%
Authentic%
73.34%
31.95%
Emotional%tone%
51.34%
34.81%
General%Descriptors%
%
%
Words/sentence%
198.71%
136.86%
Words>6%letters%
7.78%
3.76%
Dictionary%words%
94.11%
4.83%
Linguistic%Dimensions%
%
%
Total%function%words%
58.58%
6.32%
%%Total%pronouns%
21.43%
4.64%
%%%Personal%pronouns%
15.72%
5.12%
%%%%%1st%pers%singular%
8.98%
5.48%
%%%%%1st%per%plural%
0.77%
1.44%
%%%%%2nd%person%
5.15%
4.63%
%%%%%3rd%pers%singular%
0.29%
0.65%
%%%%%3rd%pers%plural%
0.54%
0.76%
%%%Impersonal%pronouns%
5.71%
3.86%
%%Articles%
4.8%
2.15%
%%Prepositions%
11.66%
3.76%
%%Auxiliary%verbs%
13.16%
5.85%
%%Common%adverbs%
6.2%
2.90%
%%Conjunctions%
6%
2.76%
%%Negations%
2.94%
3.56%
Other%Grammar%
%
%
%%Common%verbs%
25.27%
8.26%
%%Common%adjectives%
3.94%
3.16%
%%Comparisons%
1.86%
2.05%
%%Interrogatives%
1.98%
2.36%
%%Numbers%
1.09%
1.76%
%%Quantifiers%
1.8%
1.34%
Psychological%Processes%
%
%
%%Affective%processes%
6.96%
5.34%
%%%%Positive%emotion%
4.39%
4.11%
%%%%Negative%emotion%
2.54%
2.59%
%%%%%Anxiety%
0.9%
2.23%
%%%%%Anger%
0.33%
0.64%
(
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LIWC%Domains%
Mean%
SD#
%%%%%Sadness%
0.69%
0.93%
%%Social%processes%
11.21%
7.48%
%%%%Family%
0.27%
0.51%
%%%%Friends%
0.4%
0.82%
%%%%Female%references%
0.23%
0.56%
%%%%Male%references%
0.49%
1.24%
%%Cognitive%processes%
11.84%
5.62%
%%%%Insight%
2.66%
2.08%
%%%%Causation%
1.51%
1.76%
%%%%Discrepancy%
1.98%
2.57%
%%%%Tentative%%
2.43%
2.80%
%%%%Certainty%
2.18%
2.10%
%%%%Differentiation%
2.51%
1.96%
%%Perceptual%processes%
5.69%
5.69%
%%%%See%
2.88%
4.86%
%%%%Hear%
1.56%
3.67%
%%%%Feel%
1.11%
1.16%
%%Biological%processes%
2.32%
1.59%
%%%%Body%
0.95%
1.12%
%%%%Health%
0.7%
0.81%
%%%%Sexual%
0.03%
0.12%
%%%%Ingestion%
0.36%
0.69%
%%Drives%
7.18%
5.27%
%%%%Affiliation%
1.89%
2.11%
%%%%Achievement%
1.2%
2.29%
%%%%Power%
2.19%
2.18%
%%%%Reward%
1.71%
2.33%
%%%%Risk%
0.62%
1.23%
%%Time%orientations%
%
%
%%%%Past%focus%
2.83%
3.19%
%%%%Present%focus%
18.85%
8.53%
%%%%Future%focus%
3.53%
3.24%
%%Relativity%
16.87%
7.21%
%%%%Motion%
3.69%
3.28%
%%%%Space%
7.78%
5.17%
%%%%Time%
6.11%
4.65%
%%Personal%concerns%
%
%
%%%%Work%
0.38%
0.80%
%%%%Leisure%
0.82%
1.26%
%%%%Home%
0.23%
0.49%
%%%%Money%
0.21%
0.36%
%%%%Religion%
0.41%
0.91%
(
(
eU(
LIWC%Domains%
Mean%
SD#
%%%%Death%
0.15%
0.43%
%%Informal%language%
1.97%
2.34%
%%%%Swear%words%
0.07%
0.19%
%%%%Netspeak%
0%
0.00%
%%%%Assent%
0.98%
1.70%
%%%%Nonfluencies%
0.7%
1.17%
%%%%Fillers%
0%
0.00%
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UNIVERSITY+OF+KENTUCKY+–+Lexington,+KY+
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Music!Therapy!Graduate!Teaching!Assistant!
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Louisville+Music+Therapy,+LLC+–+Louisville,+KY+
Contract!Music!Therapist!
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Therapy+Lex,+LLC+–+Lexington,+KY+
Contract!Music!Therapist!
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SCHOLASTIC+HONORS+
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University+of+Kentucky+
Rita!C.!Lam!Award!recipient!for!exceptional!achievement!in!music!therapy!!
!
University+of+Louisville+
Magna!cum!laude!graduate!
School!of!Music!Dean’s!Award!recipient!
Joan!McCombs!Scholarship!recipient!for!music!therapy!
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